Business Effective Communication
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This personal reflection essay discusses the importance of effective communication in business organizations. It identifies and explains the importance of communication concepts from week one to ten, with a focus on non-verbal messaging. The essay also includes a literature review on non-verbal messaging and its application in project management. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of communication in organizational success.
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Running head: BUSINESS EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION 1
Business Effective Communication
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Date of Submission
Business Effective Communication
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Date of Submission
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BUSINESS EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION 2
1. INTRODUCTION
a) Open Statement
From experience, I can give my standpoint regarding the discussions going around
regarding organizational communication. Communication is the only way that people can
interact and work together peacefully. Those that work in organizations understand that proper
communication channels are appropriate in encouraging proper work relationships and
profitability.
b) Background Information
According to Holt (2017), any organization with an effective form of communication
between the stakeholders increases the chance of productivity and improves the working
atmosphere while reducing employee turnover. Proper communication within a given workplace
improves the relationship in the organization through internal communication might be difficult
at times (ASPA, 2016).
c) Preview of Structure
In line with effective business communication, therefore, I will identify one concept
throughout week one to week ten that helps me most in my line of work as a HR Manager. To
achieve the objectives of this paper, I will then define the identified concepts from week one to
ten then explain why my identified concepts are important in defining my career objectives.
Afterward, I will discuss the content of some of the literature sources that touch on one of the
weeks’ (any important concept from week one to week ten) identified concept. Finally, yet
importantly, I will discuss the application of two communication concepts (from either of the ten
1. INTRODUCTION
a) Open Statement
From experience, I can give my standpoint regarding the discussions going around
regarding organizational communication. Communication is the only way that people can
interact and work together peacefully. Those that work in organizations understand that proper
communication channels are appropriate in encouraging proper work relationships and
profitability.
b) Background Information
According to Holt (2017), any organization with an effective form of communication
between the stakeholders increases the chance of productivity and improves the working
atmosphere while reducing employee turnover. Proper communication within a given workplace
improves the relationship in the organization through internal communication might be difficult
at times (ASPA, 2016).
c) Preview of Structure
In line with effective business communication, therefore, I will identify one concept
throughout week one to week ten that helps me most in my line of work as a HR Manager. To
achieve the objectives of this paper, I will then define the identified concepts from week one to
ten then explain why my identified concepts are important in defining my career objectives.
Afterward, I will discuss the content of some of the literature sources that touch on one of the
weeks’ (any important concept from week one to week ten) identified concept. Finally, yet
importantly, I will discuss the application of two communication concepts (from either of the ten
BUSINESS EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION 3
weeks’ concepts) in my career as well as future aspirations before concluding this personal
reflection essay.
d) Thesis Statement and Transition to Section One
As mentioned before, Communication is the only way that people can interact and work
together peacefully. Therefore, in the next section, I will primarily identify some of the concepts
that are important to me as a HR Manager from week one to ten.
2. SECTION ONE – Identifying and Explaining the Importance of Weekly Concepts
a) Week One: For week one, I have identified “Professional Communication”. By
definition, professional communication is the use of words, texts, visuals, and non-
verbal cues in the workplace context. The concept of “Professional Communication”
is important because it is the basis of all organizational operations, socialization, and
team play.
b) Week Two: For week two, however, I have identified “Non-verbal Messaging”. I
have identified non-verbal communication because it is the most important concept of
business effective communication in my line of work. By definition, non-verbal
communication refers to the use of signals such as nodding and winking to pass
information. Ideas should be spoken and stressed using nonverbal cues to portray
meaning and assertion.
c) Week Three: For week three, I have identified the concept of “Verbal
Communication”. This concept is defined as the process of communication involving
talking by mouth and receiving feedback through the same means.
d) Week Four: For week four, I have identified “Writing Skills” as important in my line
of work. Such is because in my work setting, there are many activities involving
weeks’ concepts) in my career as well as future aspirations before concluding this personal
reflection essay.
d) Thesis Statement and Transition to Section One
As mentioned before, Communication is the only way that people can interact and work
together peacefully. Therefore, in the next section, I will primarily identify some of the concepts
that are important to me as a HR Manager from week one to ten.
2. SECTION ONE – Identifying and Explaining the Importance of Weekly Concepts
a) Week One: For week one, I have identified “Professional Communication”. By
definition, professional communication is the use of words, texts, visuals, and non-
verbal cues in the workplace context. The concept of “Professional Communication”
is important because it is the basis of all organizational operations, socialization, and
team play.
b) Week Two: For week two, however, I have identified “Non-verbal Messaging”. I
have identified non-verbal communication because it is the most important concept of
business effective communication in my line of work. By definition, non-verbal
communication refers to the use of signals such as nodding and winking to pass
information. Ideas should be spoken and stressed using nonverbal cues to portray
meaning and assertion.
c) Week Three: For week three, I have identified the concept of “Verbal
Communication”. This concept is defined as the process of communication involving
talking by mouth and receiving feedback through the same means.
d) Week Four: For week four, I have identified “Writing Skills” as important in my line
of work. Such is because in my work setting, there are many activities involving
BUSINESS EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION 4
professional writing skills. Writing skills are techniques that are used in workplace
context to pass official information through writing. As an employee, therefore, I am
required to have such skills to be able to write reports and work summaries as
required by the administration.
e) Week Five: For the fifth week, I have identified “Self-Reflection”. Self-reflection
involves setting personal goals and objectives and working towards meeting them
every day. Such reflection, therefore, encourages me to work hard and be committed.
f) Week Six: Week six’s main identified concept is “Audience Analysis”. Audience
analysis involves careful examination of the mood and other factors that listeners
possess and of which would affect the delivery of the speaker’s message. For me,
analyzing an audience is important because the skills would help me in situations
involving presentation of reports and talking in meetings.
g) Week Seven: The concept of week seven is “Socialization”. Socialization means
mingling or interacting with one another for sharing time or information. Through
socialization, I am encouraged to make work relationships. Business relationships, on
the contrary, are important in ensuring productivity and profitability.
h) Week Eight: For week eight, I have identified “Communication Networking”
concept. This concept refers to the creation of channels that are used to pass
information from one place to another or from one individual to another.
Communication channels and networks are important because they create boundaries
and encourage work ethics.
i) Week Nine: For week nine, I have identified the concept of “Team Play”. By
definition, team play involves working together or in groups to ensure that, the
professional writing skills. Writing skills are techniques that are used in workplace
context to pass official information through writing. As an employee, therefore, I am
required to have such skills to be able to write reports and work summaries as
required by the administration.
e) Week Five: For the fifth week, I have identified “Self-Reflection”. Self-reflection
involves setting personal goals and objectives and working towards meeting them
every day. Such reflection, therefore, encourages me to work hard and be committed.
f) Week Six: Week six’s main identified concept is “Audience Analysis”. Audience
analysis involves careful examination of the mood and other factors that listeners
possess and of which would affect the delivery of the speaker’s message. For me,
analyzing an audience is important because the skills would help me in situations
involving presentation of reports and talking in meetings.
g) Week Seven: The concept of week seven is “Socialization”. Socialization means
mingling or interacting with one another for sharing time or information. Through
socialization, I am encouraged to make work relationships. Business relationships, on
the contrary, are important in ensuring productivity and profitability.
h) Week Eight: For week eight, I have identified “Communication Networking”
concept. This concept refers to the creation of channels that are used to pass
information from one place to another or from one individual to another.
Communication channels and networks are important because they create boundaries
and encourage work ethics.
i) Week Nine: For week nine, I have identified the concept of “Team Play”. By
definition, team play involves working together or in groups to ensure that, the
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BUSINESS EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION 5
organizational objectives are met. For me, working together in teams lead to the
creation of good working relations and overall organization success.
j) Week Ten: Last yet importantly, I have identified the concept of “Intrapersonal
Communication” for week ten teaching. This concept refers to the use of oral words,
signals, or written information to communicate between individuals. Like any form of
communication, person-to-person communication is important in a business setting.
Such is because this form of communication develops corporation, trust, and
openness towards the communicating parties, thus, leading to organizational success.
3. SECTION TWO - Literature Review
In relation to the identified concepts, I have identified non-verbal communication or
messaging as the most important concept. Therefore, I have collected a couple of literature
sources on non-verbal messaging though there are several literature sources accounting on the
significance of non-verbal communication. According to Ainsworth (2012), nonverbal
communication refers to the process of receiving and sending messages without speaking or
writing words. This form of communication is also known as manual language. Non-verbal
communication, like verbal, is important in business organizations where individuals spent more
than three-quarters of their working hours talking to each other. However, more than 90% of
such communication happens non-verbally (pg. 580). Such kinds of non-verbal communication
include nodding when one understands something or sending non-verbal cues. In addition, when
one fails to respond or rather keeps quiet, they are communicating. However, the difference is
the response solicited by such acts of silence when talked to (GWA, 2017).
A non-verbal form of communication is important in my place of work because it is
easier to interpret what other stakeholders imply depending on how they look at me; how they
organizational objectives are met. For me, working together in teams lead to the
creation of good working relations and overall organization success.
j) Week Ten: Last yet importantly, I have identified the concept of “Intrapersonal
Communication” for week ten teaching. This concept refers to the use of oral words,
signals, or written information to communicate between individuals. Like any form of
communication, person-to-person communication is important in a business setting.
Such is because this form of communication develops corporation, trust, and
openness towards the communicating parties, thus, leading to organizational success.
3. SECTION TWO - Literature Review
In relation to the identified concepts, I have identified non-verbal communication or
messaging as the most important concept. Therefore, I have collected a couple of literature
sources on non-verbal messaging though there are several literature sources accounting on the
significance of non-verbal communication. According to Ainsworth (2012), nonverbal
communication refers to the process of receiving and sending messages without speaking or
writing words. This form of communication is also known as manual language. Non-verbal
communication, like verbal, is important in business organizations where individuals spent more
than three-quarters of their working hours talking to each other. However, more than 90% of
such communication happens non-verbally (pg. 580). Such kinds of non-verbal communication
include nodding when one understands something or sending non-verbal cues. In addition, when
one fails to respond or rather keeps quiet, they are communicating. However, the difference is
the response solicited by such acts of silence when talked to (GWA, 2017).
A non-verbal form of communication is important in my place of work because it is
easier to interpret what other stakeholders imply depending on how they look at me; how they
BUSINESS EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION 6
react to issues or the way, they listen during communication processes. As argued by Arber and
Ginn (2015), non-verbal responses determine if one cares about something in the workplace or
not. Such a response also determines if one reacts appropriately or not. When using verbal and
non-verbal communication at a go, it is important to ensure that they match because otherwise,
they would create unclear messaging, distrust, confusion, and misunderstandings between the
communicating parties. However, non-verbal communication has a greater impact when
communicating in an organization compared to verbal communication. A non-verbal form of
communication is also important in demonstrating empathy. When I explain myself, I have to
compliment my point with the use of body language and gestures. Apart from that, I have to be
attentive enough to notice other individuals’ non-verbal cues while interacting with them (Arber
& Ginn, 2015).
Businesstopia (2017) argues that for non-verbal communication to be effective, the
proper interpretation of signals is important. However, such an interpretation is not easy because
of cultural and personal differences. Apart from that, such signals have different meanings and
used differently in many contexts. However, noticing and interpreting the signals properly gives
one an advantage over other employees. Misinterpreting signals destroy organizational
relationships as well as create problems. Richard (2018), however, argues that the use of non-
verbal communication creates a better working environment. The same is also important in
interviews and business operations. In addition, other professions such as journalism, teachers,
doctors, and lawyers require regular communication. In such professions, if non-verbal
communication is not effectively employed, then those who work in such areas are likely to
suffer. In working environments, maintaining eye contacts while in a meeting or during
react to issues or the way, they listen during communication processes. As argued by Arber and
Ginn (2015), non-verbal responses determine if one cares about something in the workplace or
not. Such a response also determines if one reacts appropriately or not. When using verbal and
non-verbal communication at a go, it is important to ensure that they match because otherwise,
they would create unclear messaging, distrust, confusion, and misunderstandings between the
communicating parties. However, non-verbal communication has a greater impact when
communicating in an organization compared to verbal communication. A non-verbal form of
communication is also important in demonstrating empathy. When I explain myself, I have to
compliment my point with the use of body language and gestures. Apart from that, I have to be
attentive enough to notice other individuals’ non-verbal cues while interacting with them (Arber
& Ginn, 2015).
Businesstopia (2017) argues that for non-verbal communication to be effective, the
proper interpretation of signals is important. However, such an interpretation is not easy because
of cultural and personal differences. Apart from that, such signals have different meanings and
used differently in many contexts. However, noticing and interpreting the signals properly gives
one an advantage over other employees. Misinterpreting signals destroy organizational
relationships as well as create problems. Richard (2018), however, argues that the use of non-
verbal communication creates a better working environment. The same is also important in
interviews and business operations. In addition, other professions such as journalism, teachers,
doctors, and lawyers require regular communication. In such professions, if non-verbal
communication is not effectively employed, then those who work in such areas are likely to
suffer. In working environments, maintaining eye contacts while in a meeting or during
BUSINESS EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION 7
interviews is a sign of confidence. However, maintaining eye contact can also portray interest or
overconfidence, the accuracy of intentions, and trustworthiness (Acker, 2013, pg. 140).
4. SECTION THREE: Application of Concepts
In future, I would like to work as a Project Manager. Therefore, the use of verbal and
non-verbal forms of communication are two concepts that would be important to me. In the area
of project management, verbal and non-verbal forms of communication can be applied in several
instances. For example, the application of non-verbal form of communication in one-on-one
conversations increase the ability to comprehend messages as argued by Pierce and Aguinis
(2016, pg. 461). However, if non-verbal and verbal forms of communication are used
simultaneously and are similar, a better perspective is created on the sent message. In addition,
the receiver and the sender have a chance to decode the message’s intended meaning. For
instance, when the overall manager is angry and he uses body language that portrays the same,
then the employee that is being scolded is likely to feel afraid. However, the body language used
in such a case is different from anger, and then it is likely that such scolding will not provide
results. On the contrary, Bass (2016) argues that non-verbal signals tend to be contradictory at
times. For example, a worker found crying by his or her superior is asked if he or she is okay and
he/she replies that he or she is fine. It should, however, be noted that contradiction in non-verbal
and verbal communication is vital at times because such communication methods help us to
know the emotions of those involved in the conversation (pg. 20).
Awamleh (2016) discusses another dimension of non-verbal communication in project
management. According to him, most of the time that we intend to communicate verbally, non-
verbal mode of communication takes place simultaneously or instead. Apart from that, silence is
also considered as a vital form of non-verbal communication and contextual. Verbal signals and
interviews is a sign of confidence. However, maintaining eye contact can also portray interest or
overconfidence, the accuracy of intentions, and trustworthiness (Acker, 2013, pg. 140).
4. SECTION THREE: Application of Concepts
In future, I would like to work as a Project Manager. Therefore, the use of verbal and
non-verbal forms of communication are two concepts that would be important to me. In the area
of project management, verbal and non-verbal forms of communication can be applied in several
instances. For example, the application of non-verbal form of communication in one-on-one
conversations increase the ability to comprehend messages as argued by Pierce and Aguinis
(2016, pg. 461). However, if non-verbal and verbal forms of communication are used
simultaneously and are similar, a better perspective is created on the sent message. In addition,
the receiver and the sender have a chance to decode the message’s intended meaning. For
instance, when the overall manager is angry and he uses body language that portrays the same,
then the employee that is being scolded is likely to feel afraid. However, the body language used
in such a case is different from anger, and then it is likely that such scolding will not provide
results. On the contrary, Bass (2016) argues that non-verbal signals tend to be contradictory at
times. For example, a worker found crying by his or her superior is asked if he or she is okay and
he/she replies that he or she is fine. It should, however, be noted that contradiction in non-verbal
and verbal communication is vital at times because such communication methods help us to
know the emotions of those involved in the conversation (pg. 20).
Awamleh (2016) discusses another dimension of non-verbal communication in project
management. According to him, most of the time that we intend to communicate verbally, non-
verbal mode of communication takes place simultaneously or instead. Apart from that, silence is
also considered as a vital form of non-verbal communication and contextual. Verbal signals and
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BUSINESS EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION 8
non-verbal communication work complementarily in the area of organizational management. For
example, when someone is in pain, he or she says that he or she is feeling pain while his or her
gestures and expressions also show the same thing. In such a case, gestures add meaning when
they accompany words of similar connotation (pg. 20).
5. CONCLUSION
a) Synopsis
Finally, yet importantly, this activity has identified a number of communication concepts
that are important in everyday activities. However, the most important concept is non-verbal
communication or messaging. As mentioned before, non-verbal communication is also referred
to as the manual language form. Just like a verbal form of communication, non-verbal
communication is important in business organizations because most people spend more than
three-quarters of their working hours talking to each other while in the workplace (Essays, 2015).
The aspects of non-verbal communication include nodding when one understands something or
sending non-verbal cues. In addition, when one fails to respond or rather keeps quiet, they are
communicating. However, as mentioned before, there are different ways that the respondents
may interpret such acts of silence. Where I work, when one speaks to the other, actions
accompany words. In fact, one could speak to the other yet receives a non-verbal response
(Lucas, 2017).
b) Restatement of the Thesis Statement
Communication is the only way that people can interact and work together peacefully.
However, there are two main forms of communication; verbal and non-verbal communication.
Non-verbal communication include activities such as those that need convincing others to like a
non-verbal communication work complementarily in the area of organizational management. For
example, when someone is in pain, he or she says that he or she is feeling pain while his or her
gestures and expressions also show the same thing. In such a case, gestures add meaning when
they accompany words of similar connotation (pg. 20).
5. CONCLUSION
a) Synopsis
Finally, yet importantly, this activity has identified a number of communication concepts
that are important in everyday activities. However, the most important concept is non-verbal
communication or messaging. As mentioned before, non-verbal communication is also referred
to as the manual language form. Just like a verbal form of communication, non-verbal
communication is important in business organizations because most people spend more than
three-quarters of their working hours talking to each other while in the workplace (Essays, 2015).
The aspects of non-verbal communication include nodding when one understands something or
sending non-verbal cues. In addition, when one fails to respond or rather keeps quiet, they are
communicating. However, as mentioned before, there are different ways that the respondents
may interpret such acts of silence. Where I work, when one speaks to the other, actions
accompany words. In fact, one could speak to the other yet receives a non-verbal response
(Lucas, 2017).
b) Restatement of the Thesis Statement
Communication is the only way that people can interact and work together peacefully.
However, there are two main forms of communication; verbal and non-verbal communication.
Non-verbal communication include activities such as those that need convincing others to like a
BUSINESS EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION 9
particular idea or concept. Non-verbal cues re, therefore, used to stress on points. One would be
required to be emotional and employ many movements in such a case. At work for instance, I am
required to use signals while communicating to solicit truthfulness, unlike verbal
communication. However, non-verbal and verbal communication occurs simultaneously during
processes of communication.
c) Capstone Statement
My final remark, therefore, is that communication is the most important tool in an
organization. With it, an organization can either prosper or fail (Vognar, 2012).
particular idea or concept. Non-verbal cues re, therefore, used to stress on points. One would be
required to be emotional and employ many movements in such a case. At work for instance, I am
required to use signals while communicating to solicit truthfulness, unlike verbal
communication. However, non-verbal and verbal communication occurs simultaneously during
processes of communication.
c) Capstone Statement
My final remark, therefore, is that communication is the most important tool in an
organization. With it, an organization can either prosper or fail (Vognar, 2012).
BUSINESS EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION 10
Reference
Acker, J. (2013) Hierarchies, jobs, bodies: A theory of gendered organizations. Gender and
Society, 4 (2), 139–158.
Aguinis, H. & Pierce, C., A. (2016). 'Effects of nonverbal behavior on perceptions of power
bases'. The Journal of social psychology, 138 (4): 466-69
Ainsworth, S. (2012). The ‘feminine advantage’: A discursive analysis of the invisibility of older
women workers. Gender, Work & Organization, 9 (5), 579–601.
Arber, S. & Ginn, J. (2015). Gender and Later Life. A Sociological Analysis of Resources and
Constraints. London: Sage.
ASPA. (2016). The Role of Ethical Behavior in Emergency Management. PA-TIMES. Retrieved
March 19, 2018, from https://patimes.org/role-ethical-behavior-emergency-management/
[Accessed September 25, 2018]
Awamleh, R. A. (2016). Charismatic Leadership: Organizational Performance and the romance
of leadership on perceptions of charisma and effectiveness’. Communication, 13 (2): 3-29
Bass, B., M. (2016). From transactional to transformational leadership: Learning to share the
vision. Organizational Dynamics, (winter): 19-31.
Beck, U. (2015). Power in the Global Age: A New Global Political Economy. Cambridge:
Polity.
Businesstopia (2017). Why is Non-verbal Communication Important? Communication.
Retrieved on 24 Sept 2018, at https://www.businesstopia.net/communication/why-non-
verbal-communication-important [Accessed September 25, 2018]
Calasanti, T., M. and Slevin, K., F. (2017). Gender, Social Inequalities, and Aging. Oxford:
Altamira Press.
Essays. (2015, March 23). Applying leadership theories to a federal emergency. Retrieved March
19, 2018, from https://www.ukessays.com/essays/management/applying-leadership-
theories-to-federal-emergency-management-essay.php [Accessed September 25, 2018]
GWA. (2017). Importance of emergency response training. Retrieved March 19, 2018, from
http://www.dmp.wa.gov.au/Safety/Importance-of-emergency-response-7935.aspx
Holt, M. (2017). Effective Communication Methods in an Organization. Chron. Retrieved on 24
Sept 2018, at https://smallbusiness.chron.com/effective-communication-methods-
organization-2.html [Accessed September 25, 2018]
Lucas, G. (2017). George Luca’s Force. Retrieved 3 September 2017, from
http://www.chronicle.com/article/why-george-lucas-is-the/134942 [Accessed September
25, 2018]
Reference
Acker, J. (2013) Hierarchies, jobs, bodies: A theory of gendered organizations. Gender and
Society, 4 (2), 139–158.
Aguinis, H. & Pierce, C., A. (2016). 'Effects of nonverbal behavior on perceptions of power
bases'. The Journal of social psychology, 138 (4): 466-69
Ainsworth, S. (2012). The ‘feminine advantage’: A discursive analysis of the invisibility of older
women workers. Gender, Work & Organization, 9 (5), 579–601.
Arber, S. & Ginn, J. (2015). Gender and Later Life. A Sociological Analysis of Resources and
Constraints. London: Sage.
ASPA. (2016). The Role of Ethical Behavior in Emergency Management. PA-TIMES. Retrieved
March 19, 2018, from https://patimes.org/role-ethical-behavior-emergency-management/
[Accessed September 25, 2018]
Awamleh, R. A. (2016). Charismatic Leadership: Organizational Performance and the romance
of leadership on perceptions of charisma and effectiveness’. Communication, 13 (2): 3-29
Bass, B., M. (2016). From transactional to transformational leadership: Learning to share the
vision. Organizational Dynamics, (winter): 19-31.
Beck, U. (2015). Power in the Global Age: A New Global Political Economy. Cambridge:
Polity.
Businesstopia (2017). Why is Non-verbal Communication Important? Communication.
Retrieved on 24 Sept 2018, at https://www.businesstopia.net/communication/why-non-
verbal-communication-important [Accessed September 25, 2018]
Calasanti, T., M. and Slevin, K., F. (2017). Gender, Social Inequalities, and Aging. Oxford:
Altamira Press.
Essays. (2015, March 23). Applying leadership theories to a federal emergency. Retrieved March
19, 2018, from https://www.ukessays.com/essays/management/applying-leadership-
theories-to-federal-emergency-management-essay.php [Accessed September 25, 2018]
GWA. (2017). Importance of emergency response training. Retrieved March 19, 2018, from
http://www.dmp.wa.gov.au/Safety/Importance-of-emergency-response-7935.aspx
Holt, M. (2017). Effective Communication Methods in an Organization. Chron. Retrieved on 24
Sept 2018, at https://smallbusiness.chron.com/effective-communication-methods-
organization-2.html [Accessed September 25, 2018]
Lucas, G. (2017). George Luca’s Force. Retrieved 3 September 2017, from
http://www.chronicle.com/article/why-george-lucas-is-the/134942 [Accessed September
25, 2018]
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BUSINESS EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION 11
Richard, N. (2018). Nonverbal Communication. ThoughtCo. Retrieved on 24 Sept 2018, at
https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-nonverbal-communication-1691351 [Accessed
September 25, 2018]
Vognar, D. (2012). How Important Is Culture in Shaping Our Behavior?. Retrieved 3 September
2017, from https://www.huffingtonpost.com/david-vognar/culture-influence-politics-life-
_b_1724750.html [Accessed September 25, 2018]
Richard, N. (2018). Nonverbal Communication. ThoughtCo. Retrieved on 24 Sept 2018, at
https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-nonverbal-communication-1691351 [Accessed
September 25, 2018]
Vognar, D. (2012). How Important Is Culture in Shaping Our Behavior?. Retrieved 3 September
2017, from https://www.huffingtonpost.com/david-vognar/culture-influence-politics-life-
_b_1724750.html [Accessed September 25, 2018]
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