Business Law Individual Assignment
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AI Summary
This article discusses the concept of law in Sri Lanka, including the different legal systems in the country. It also explores the relationship between employers and employees, as well as the various acts in Sri Lanka that protect the rights of employees. The article is relevant to the subject of Business Law and is suitable for students studying the Higher Diploma in Business Management at the International College of Business and Technology.
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Business Law Individual
Assignment
International Collage of Business and Technology
BUSINESS LAW
Individual Assignment on
Programme Higher Diploma in Business Management
Student Name M.D. Semini Prasangika
ICBT Student Number GM/HDBM/01/22
Subject Name Business Law
Subject Code BHNC4108
Word Count 3400
(Only the Main Assignment Body)
Page | 1
Batch No: 01
Assignment
International Collage of Business and Technology
BUSINESS LAW
Individual Assignment on
Programme Higher Diploma in Business Management
Student Name M.D. Semini Prasangika
ICBT Student Number GM/HDBM/01/22
Subject Name Business Law
Subject Code BHNC4108
Word Count 3400
(Only the Main Assignment Body)
Page | 1
Batch No: 01
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Business Law Individual
Assignment
Assignment Cover Sheet
Qualification Module Number and Title
HND in Business Management BM 4157- Business Law
Student Name& No. Assessor
M.D. Semini Prasangika & GM/HDBM/01/22 Ravindi De Silva
Hand out date Submission Date
11/10/2021 11/10/2021
Assessment type
Course Work
Duration/Length of
Assessment Type
3000 words in total
Weighting of Assessment
100%
Learner declaration
I, M.D. Semini Prasangika certify that the work submitted for this assignment is my own
and research sources are fully acknowledged.
Marks Awarded
First assessor
IV marks
Agreed grade
Signature of the assessor Date
Page | 2
Batch No: 01
Assignment
Assignment Cover Sheet
Qualification Module Number and Title
HND in Business Management BM 4157- Business Law
Student Name& No. Assessor
M.D. Semini Prasangika & GM/HDBM/01/22 Ravindi De Silva
Hand out date Submission Date
11/10/2021 11/10/2021
Assessment type
Course Work
Duration/Length of
Assessment Type
3000 words in total
Weighting of Assessment
100%
Learner declaration
I, M.D. Semini Prasangika certify that the work submitted for this assignment is my own
and research sources are fully acknowledged.
Marks Awarded
First assessor
IV marks
Agreed grade
Signature of the assessor Date
Page | 2
Batch No: 01
Business Law Individual
Assignment
FEEDBACK FORM
INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE OF BUSINESS & TECHNOLOGY
Module : BM4157 Business Law
Student : M.D. Semini Prasangika
Assessor : Ravindi De Silva
Assignment : Individual report
Page | 3
Batch No: 01
Strong features of your work:
Areas for improvement:
Marks Awarded:
Assignment
FEEDBACK FORM
INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE OF BUSINESS & TECHNOLOGY
Module : BM4157 Business Law
Student : M.D. Semini Prasangika
Assessor : Ravindi De Silva
Assignment : Individual report
Page | 3
Batch No: 01
Strong features of your work:
Areas for improvement:
Marks Awarded:
Business Law Individual
Assignment
Statement of Originality of Submitted Work
Myself M.D. Semini Prasangika
Student Id No GM/HDBM/01/22
Module Name Business Law
I hereby confirm that the work presented here in this report and all other associated
material; is wholly my own work. And I agree to assessment for plagiarism.
Signature: Semini
Date: 11/10/2021
Acknowledgment
First of all, I must give thanks to my Almighty God for the blessings given in doing
this assignment.
My sincere gratitude Ms. Ravindi De Silva, the module lecturer of Business Law.
Thank you for the support and guidance given throughout the lecture sessions and in
doing the assignment.
I also thank my parents and my colleagues for being the behind pillar in my academic
carrier. A special thanks goes to the International College of Business and
Technology, Gampaha campus for the facilities and the guidance give.
Page | 4
Batch No: 01
Assignment
Statement of Originality of Submitted Work
Myself M.D. Semini Prasangika
Student Id No GM/HDBM/01/22
Module Name Business Law
I hereby confirm that the work presented here in this report and all other associated
material; is wholly my own work. And I agree to assessment for plagiarism.
Signature: Semini
Date: 11/10/2021
Acknowledgment
First of all, I must give thanks to my Almighty God for the blessings given in doing
this assignment.
My sincere gratitude Ms. Ravindi De Silva, the module lecturer of Business Law.
Thank you for the support and guidance given throughout the lecture sessions and in
doing the assignment.
I also thank my parents and my colleagues for being the behind pillar in my academic
carrier. A special thanks goes to the International College of Business and
Technology, Gampaha campus for the facilities and the guidance give.
Page | 4
Batch No: 01
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Business Law Individual
Assignment
Executive Summery
Law is a collection of conditions and responsibilities imposed by governments or
society. Sri Lanka also has a large number of laws. Most of them are laws enacted by
the government or society. Among the legal systems in Sri Lanka are Roman-Dutch
law, English law, Thesavalmei, Kandyan law, and Muslim specialized. The law is
divided by ethnicity, region, and religion. The primary purpose of the law is social
behavior.
The rules governing the relationship between the employer and the employee are
explained by labor law. The existing labor law in Sri Lanka works for the weaker
party. Various Acts and Ordinances are used for this purpose. There are Acts and
Ordinance have been prepared for that. Among those are the Shop and Office
Employees Act, the Employees Trust Fund Act, the Gratuity Payment Act, and the
Factory ordinance.
There are several types of employment in Sri Lanka. There are Permanent
employment, Temporary contract employment, Casual employment, Fixed term
employment and Apprenticeship and Training employment. These are different from
each other and have some similarities.
The contract should pay more attention to both the offer and the invitation to treat and
should pay attention to the condition and warranty when purchasing an item.
Page | 5
Batch No: 01
Assignment
Executive Summery
Law is a collection of conditions and responsibilities imposed by governments or
society. Sri Lanka also has a large number of laws. Most of them are laws enacted by
the government or society. Among the legal systems in Sri Lanka are Roman-Dutch
law, English law, Thesavalmei, Kandyan law, and Muslim specialized. The law is
divided by ethnicity, region, and religion. The primary purpose of the law is social
behavior.
The rules governing the relationship between the employer and the employee are
explained by labor law. The existing labor law in Sri Lanka works for the weaker
party. Various Acts and Ordinances are used for this purpose. There are Acts and
Ordinance have been prepared for that. Among those are the Shop and Office
Employees Act, the Employees Trust Fund Act, the Gratuity Payment Act, and the
Factory ordinance.
There are several types of employment in Sri Lanka. There are Permanent
employment, Temporary contract employment, Casual employment, Fixed term
employment and Apprenticeship and Training employment. These are different from
each other and have some similarities.
The contract should pay more attention to both the offer and the invitation to treat and
should pay attention to the condition and warranty when purchasing an item.
Page | 5
Batch No: 01
Business Law Individual
Assignment
Table of Content
Statement of Originality of Submitted Work.................................................................4
Acknowledgment...........................................................................................................4
Executive Summery.......................................................................................................5
Table of Content.............................................................................................................6
Table of Figures.............................................................................................................7
Task 01...........................................................................................................................8
1. Law Definition...........................................................................................................8
1.1. Roman Dutch Law..............................................................................................9
1.2. English Law........................................................................................................9
1.3. Kandyan Law....................................................................................................10
1.4. Muslim Law......................................................................................................10
1.5. Thesawalmei Law.............................................................................................10
2. Supreme Law...........................................................................................................10
Task 02.........................................................................................................................11
3. Employee Law = Labor Law....................................................................................11
3.1. Employee...........................................................................................................11
3.2. Employer...........................................................................................................12
4. Acts that are active in Sri Lanka to protect the weaker party..................................12
4.1. Shop and office employee Act..........................................................................12
4.2. Employees trust fund Act..................................................................................12
4.3. Payment of Gratuity Act...................................................................................13
4.4. Factories ordinances..........................................................................................13
5. Contract of employment...........................................................................................13
Task 03.........................................................................................................................14
Page | 6
Batch No: 01
Assignment
Table of Content
Statement of Originality of Submitted Work.................................................................4
Acknowledgment...........................................................................................................4
Executive Summery.......................................................................................................5
Table of Content.............................................................................................................6
Table of Figures.............................................................................................................7
Task 01...........................................................................................................................8
1. Law Definition...........................................................................................................8
1.1. Roman Dutch Law..............................................................................................9
1.2. English Law........................................................................................................9
1.3. Kandyan Law....................................................................................................10
1.4. Muslim Law......................................................................................................10
1.5. Thesawalmei Law.............................................................................................10
2. Supreme Law...........................................................................................................10
Task 02.........................................................................................................................11
3. Employee Law = Labor Law....................................................................................11
3.1. Employee...........................................................................................................11
3.2. Employer...........................................................................................................12
4. Acts that are active in Sri Lanka to protect the weaker party..................................12
4.1. Shop and office employee Act..........................................................................12
4.2. Employees trust fund Act..................................................................................12
4.3. Payment of Gratuity Act...................................................................................13
4.4. Factories ordinances..........................................................................................13
5. Contract of employment...........................................................................................13
Task 03.........................................................................................................................14
Page | 6
Batch No: 01
Business Law Individual
Assignment
Task 3.1....................................................................................................................14
6. Temporary Contract of Employment.......................................................................14
Task 3.2....................................................................................................................15
3.2.1. Permanent Employment.................................................................................15
3.2.2. Probationary Employment.............................................................................16
3.2.3. Casual Employment.......................................................................................16
3.2.4. Fixed Term Contract......................................................................................17
3.2.5. Apprenticeship and Training..........................................................................17
Task 04.........................................................................................................................17
Task 4.1....................................................................................................................17
4.1.1. Offer...............................................................................................................18
Task 4.2....................................................................................................................18
4.2.1. Invitation to Treat...........................................................................................18
Task 4.3....................................................................................................................19
4.3.1. What is Contract means.................................................................................19
Task 4.4....................................................................................................................20
4.4.1. Conditions......................................................................................................20
4.4.2. Warranties......................................................................................................20
Conclusion....................................................................................................................20
References....................................................................................................................21
Table of Figures
Figure 1- Sir Salmond classification of kinds of Law....................................................8
Page | 7
Batch No: 01
Assignment
Task 3.1....................................................................................................................14
6. Temporary Contract of Employment.......................................................................14
Task 3.2....................................................................................................................15
3.2.1. Permanent Employment.................................................................................15
3.2.2. Probationary Employment.............................................................................16
3.2.3. Casual Employment.......................................................................................16
3.2.4. Fixed Term Contract......................................................................................17
3.2.5. Apprenticeship and Training..........................................................................17
Task 04.........................................................................................................................17
Task 4.1....................................................................................................................17
4.1.1. Offer...............................................................................................................18
Task 4.2....................................................................................................................18
4.2.1. Invitation to Treat...........................................................................................18
Task 4.3....................................................................................................................19
4.3.1. What is Contract means.................................................................................19
Task 4.4....................................................................................................................20
4.4.1. Conditions......................................................................................................20
4.4.2. Warranties......................................................................................................20
Conclusion....................................................................................................................20
References....................................................................................................................21
Table of Figures
Figure 1- Sir Salmond classification of kinds of Law....................................................8
Page | 7
Batch No: 01
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Business Law Individual
Assignment
Task 01
1. Law Definition
Law can be defined as a rule or set of rules that have been created and implemented
by society or governments to regulate human behavior. But there is no definite
definition for law. (Courses.lumenlearning.com, 2021)
'Law' can be broadly defined more as morality, reason, order, justice on the part of
society and rules, laws, regulations, ordinances on the part of the legislature, and
judgments, courts, orders, court orders, and injunctions on the part of judges.
There are several purposes served by law. Out of these, Conflict resolution, setting
standards, protecting freedom, and maintaining order are specialized.
Sir Salmond classification of kinds of law
Sir Jhon Salmond refers to eight kind of law
Figure 1- Sir Salmond classification of kinds of Law
Sources of Law
Basic things for court decisions and legislation. (Libguides.uchastings.edu, 2021)
Common Law
Case Law
Statutes
Customs
Constitutional Law
Legal Systems used in Sri Lanka
Page | 8
Batch No: 01
Kinds of Law
Imperative
Law
Physical or
Scientific
Law
Natural or
Moral Law
Conventional
Law
Customary
Law
Practical or
Technical Law
International
Law
Civil Law
Assignment
Task 01
1. Law Definition
Law can be defined as a rule or set of rules that have been created and implemented
by society or governments to regulate human behavior. But there is no definite
definition for law. (Courses.lumenlearning.com, 2021)
'Law' can be broadly defined more as morality, reason, order, justice on the part of
society and rules, laws, regulations, ordinances on the part of the legislature, and
judgments, courts, orders, court orders, and injunctions on the part of judges.
There are several purposes served by law. Out of these, Conflict resolution, setting
standards, protecting freedom, and maintaining order are specialized.
Sir Salmond classification of kinds of law
Sir Jhon Salmond refers to eight kind of law
Figure 1- Sir Salmond classification of kinds of Law
Sources of Law
Basic things for court decisions and legislation. (Libguides.uchastings.edu, 2021)
Common Law
Case Law
Statutes
Customs
Constitutional Law
Legal Systems used in Sri Lanka
Page | 8
Batch No: 01
Kinds of Law
Imperative
Law
Physical or
Scientific
Law
Natural or
Moral Law
Conventional
Law
Customary
Law
Practical or
Technical Law
International
Law
Civil Law
Business Law Individual
Assignment
A legal system is a set of procedures based on which the law is interpreted and
enforced
(Nyulawglobal.org, 2021)
Various legal systems have influenced the development of law in Sri Lanka. They are
Roman Dutch law, English law, Sinhala law (often referred to today as Kandyan law),
Thesawalmei law and Muslim law. The reasons for the existence of a mixed legal
system in Sri Lanka can be attributed to the different languages, ethnicities,
consequences of religious traditions and the long-term influence of foreign rulers in
the country. Ceylon was successively ruled by the Portuguese, Dutch and British
between 1505. It did not have a permanent impact on the legal and legal institutions of
Sri Lanka. But the legal development of the country was severely affected by the
Portuguese, the Dutch and the British.
The two major legal systems in Sri Lanka are Roman-Dutch law and English law.
Among other legal systems, Kandyan law, Thesawalmei, and Muslim law play a
major role in Sri Lanka.
1.1. Roman Dutch Law
The Portuguese were driven out by the Dutch in the 1600s. At the same time, Roman-
Dutch law spread throughout the country with the Dutch rule over the coastal areas of
Sri Lanka. In the 18th century, Roman-Dutch law became increasingly used in the
southwest and south. As a result, private property (land) rights in these areas
expanded rapidly, and the transfer of property was subject to Roman-Dutch law. The
Dutch also sought to symbolize the ritual law of various ethnic groups. Roman Dutch
law generally applies when Sri Lankan law and local law do not regulate relevant
issues. This Roman Dutch law applied to the Dutch settlers, to the locals who served
them, to the locals who converted to Christianity, to a limited number of Sinhalese
and Tamils living in the forts.
1.2. English Law
The British arrived in 1796 and by 1815 the whole island had fallen to the British.
British assumed that Roman-Dutch Law was the general system in Sri Lanka and
imposed that it shall continue along with the customary laws in Sri Lanka. Thereafter
Roman Dutch law was considered as the basic law in Sri Lanka. The law of Sri Lanka
Page | 9
Batch No: 01
Assignment
A legal system is a set of procedures based on which the law is interpreted and
enforced
(Nyulawglobal.org, 2021)
Various legal systems have influenced the development of law in Sri Lanka. They are
Roman Dutch law, English law, Sinhala law (often referred to today as Kandyan law),
Thesawalmei law and Muslim law. The reasons for the existence of a mixed legal
system in Sri Lanka can be attributed to the different languages, ethnicities,
consequences of religious traditions and the long-term influence of foreign rulers in
the country. Ceylon was successively ruled by the Portuguese, Dutch and British
between 1505. It did not have a permanent impact on the legal and legal institutions of
Sri Lanka. But the legal development of the country was severely affected by the
Portuguese, the Dutch and the British.
The two major legal systems in Sri Lanka are Roman-Dutch law and English law.
Among other legal systems, Kandyan law, Thesawalmei, and Muslim law play a
major role in Sri Lanka.
1.1. Roman Dutch Law
The Portuguese were driven out by the Dutch in the 1600s. At the same time, Roman-
Dutch law spread throughout the country with the Dutch rule over the coastal areas of
Sri Lanka. In the 18th century, Roman-Dutch law became increasingly used in the
southwest and south. As a result, private property (land) rights in these areas
expanded rapidly, and the transfer of property was subject to Roman-Dutch law. The
Dutch also sought to symbolize the ritual law of various ethnic groups. Roman Dutch
law generally applies when Sri Lankan law and local law do not regulate relevant
issues. This Roman Dutch law applied to the Dutch settlers, to the locals who served
them, to the locals who converted to Christianity, to a limited number of Sinhalese
and Tamils living in the forts.
1.2. English Law
The British arrived in 1796 and by 1815 the whole island had fallen to the British.
British assumed that Roman-Dutch Law was the general system in Sri Lanka and
imposed that it shall continue along with the customary laws in Sri Lanka. Thereafter
Roman Dutch law was considered as the basic law in Sri Lanka. The law of Sri Lanka
Page | 9
Batch No: 01
Business Law Individual
Assignment
is based on the English common law system. As a result, English legal principles,
such as judicial precedent and rate determination, govern the interpretation of case
law. Civil cases are heard by the District Court, the Criminal Magistrate's Court and
the High Court. The decisions of these cases are appealed to the Court of Appeal and
later to the Supreme Court. English law includes criminal law, administrative law, and
commercial law.
1.3. Kandyan Law
Kandyan law is a ritual law that originated in the Kingdom of Kandy and applies to
Buddhists and Sri Lankans in the former provinces of the Kandyan Kingdom.
Kandyan law is one of the three customary laws still in use in Sri Lanka. As
enshrined in the Kandyan Declaration and Amendment Ordinance of 1938, Kandyan
law now governs marriage, adoption, property transfer and inheritance. Kandyan
Sinhalese have the opportunity to get married under the Marriage and Divorce
(Kandyan) Act or the general marriage.
1.4. Muslim Law
Muslim law is a special law applicable to Muslims living in Sri Lanka. Muslim law is
different from Sharia law or Islamic law, but Muslim law includes certain aspects of
Islamic law or Sharia law. Today, the personal affairs of Muslims are governed by
Muslim law. Used for marriage, divorce and maintenance, for example.
(Archives.dailynews.lk, 2021)
1.5. Thesawalmei Law
This law applies to Tamils in the Jaffna Province. In the case of Sivagnanalingam vs.
Sundaralingam, the Supreme Court in 1988 clarified that Thesavalmei law is the
private law of the Jaffna Tamils living anywhere in the country and applies to the
movable and immovable property of the Jaffna Tamil people. (Nyulawglobal.org,
2021)
Sivagnanalingam v. Suntheralingam In the case of Sivagnanalingam S.
Sundaralingam, the Supreme Court in 1988 ruled that Thesavalmei was the personal
law of the Jaffna Tamils and that it applied to their movable and immovable property
and belonged to any part of the country.
Page | 10
Batch No: 01
Assignment
is based on the English common law system. As a result, English legal principles,
such as judicial precedent and rate determination, govern the interpretation of case
law. Civil cases are heard by the District Court, the Criminal Magistrate's Court and
the High Court. The decisions of these cases are appealed to the Court of Appeal and
later to the Supreme Court. English law includes criminal law, administrative law, and
commercial law.
1.3. Kandyan Law
Kandyan law is a ritual law that originated in the Kingdom of Kandy and applies to
Buddhists and Sri Lankans in the former provinces of the Kandyan Kingdom.
Kandyan law is one of the three customary laws still in use in Sri Lanka. As
enshrined in the Kandyan Declaration and Amendment Ordinance of 1938, Kandyan
law now governs marriage, adoption, property transfer and inheritance. Kandyan
Sinhalese have the opportunity to get married under the Marriage and Divorce
(Kandyan) Act or the general marriage.
1.4. Muslim Law
Muslim law is a special law applicable to Muslims living in Sri Lanka. Muslim law is
different from Sharia law or Islamic law, but Muslim law includes certain aspects of
Islamic law or Sharia law. Today, the personal affairs of Muslims are governed by
Muslim law. Used for marriage, divorce and maintenance, for example.
(Archives.dailynews.lk, 2021)
1.5. Thesawalmei Law
This law applies to Tamils in the Jaffna Province. In the case of Sivagnanalingam vs.
Sundaralingam, the Supreme Court in 1988 clarified that Thesavalmei law is the
private law of the Jaffna Tamils living anywhere in the country and applies to the
movable and immovable property of the Jaffna Tamil people. (Nyulawglobal.org,
2021)
Sivagnanalingam v. Suntheralingam In the case of Sivagnanalingam S.
Sundaralingam, the Supreme Court in 1988 ruled that Thesavalmei was the personal
law of the Jaffna Tamils and that it applied to their movable and immovable property
and belonged to any part of the country.
Page | 10
Batch No: 01
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Business Law Individual
Assignment
2. Supreme Law
Supreme Law can be taken as another important topic when discuss about the legal
system in Sri Lanka. Supreme law is the constitution of the democratic socialist
republic of Sri Lanka. Supreme Law has been revised 19 times in Sri Lanka. The 20th
Amendment to the Constitution is currently in use in Sri Lanka. A 2/3 majority is
required to amend or repeal the Constitution.
Opinion
Personal opinion about the legal system is that if there is one legal system instead of
the various legal systems in Sri Lanka, it will contribute to the success of the country.
Different legal systems have emerged in Sri Lanka because of locals are divided
according to different ethnicities, religions and races. Therefore, there are conflicts of
opinions among the people of Sri Lanka. If one legal system applies to every religion,
ethnic group or nation, will be possible to enforce the law fairly.
All the above information indicates that there is a diversified legal system in Sri
Lanka
Task 02
3. Employee Law = Labor Law
Employment law is the legal field that governs the relationship between employer
and employee. (Study.com, 2021)
Reasons why these rules apply to employees
To prevent inconvenience
To promote health and safety
To establish the minimum level required for economic assistance
To prevent work disruption due to disputes between labor and management
3.1. Employee
A person who works under the guidance and control of someone else for a salary or
wage. The employer recruits the employee and the employee works under the
employer.
Goal - Being able to help themselves and their families financially.
Page | 11
Batch No: 01
Assignment
2. Supreme Law
Supreme Law can be taken as another important topic when discuss about the legal
system in Sri Lanka. Supreme law is the constitution of the democratic socialist
republic of Sri Lanka. Supreme Law has been revised 19 times in Sri Lanka. The 20th
Amendment to the Constitution is currently in use in Sri Lanka. A 2/3 majority is
required to amend or repeal the Constitution.
Opinion
Personal opinion about the legal system is that if there is one legal system instead of
the various legal systems in Sri Lanka, it will contribute to the success of the country.
Different legal systems have emerged in Sri Lanka because of locals are divided
according to different ethnicities, religions and races. Therefore, there are conflicts of
opinions among the people of Sri Lanka. If one legal system applies to every religion,
ethnic group or nation, will be possible to enforce the law fairly.
All the above information indicates that there is a diversified legal system in Sri
Lanka
Task 02
3. Employee Law = Labor Law
Employment law is the legal field that governs the relationship between employer
and employee. (Study.com, 2021)
Reasons why these rules apply to employees
To prevent inconvenience
To promote health and safety
To establish the minimum level required for economic assistance
To prevent work disruption due to disputes between labor and management
3.1. Employee
A person who works under the guidance and control of someone else for a salary or
wage. The employer recruits the employee and the employee works under the
employer.
Goal - Being able to help themselves and their families financially.
Page | 11
Batch No: 01
Business Law Individual
Assignment
Roles and responsibilities - To serve the employer faithfully, to abide by the rules, to
respect the employment contract, and to ensure the loyalty and diligence of the
service.
3.2. Employer
An employer is a person who contacts someone else, promising to pay a salary or
wage under guidance and control. The employer recruits the employee and the
employee works under the employer. (Nderitu, 2021)
Goal - Maximize productivity and efficiency
Roles and responsibilities - Ensuring the safety, health, well-being, care, and
provision of a conducive work environment for employees.
Sri Lanka labor law does not work against to the weaker party of the society. The
purpose of Sri Lankan labor law is social justice. Labor law has enacted some laws to
protect the rights of weaker parties. Various acts have been implemented in Sri Lanka
to protect the weaker parties' rights.
4. Acts that are active in Sri Lanka to protect the weaker party
4.1. Shop and office employee Act
An Act regulating the employment of shops and offices, the regulation of working
hours and salaries to be paid to employees, and related or related events.
(Srilankalaw.lk, 2021)
Key points considered by this act
Working hours of an employee in a shop or office
The health and comfort provide to employees
Maternity benefits for working women
employee’s payment
Closing orders for shops
offenses and penalties
4.2. Employees trust fund Act
An Act to establish a fund called the Employees' Trust Fund and to provide for or
related matters. (Srilankalaw.lk, 2021)
Page | 12
Batch No: 01
Assignment
Roles and responsibilities - To serve the employer faithfully, to abide by the rules, to
respect the employment contract, and to ensure the loyalty and diligence of the
service.
3.2. Employer
An employer is a person who contacts someone else, promising to pay a salary or
wage under guidance and control. The employer recruits the employee and the
employee works under the employer. (Nderitu, 2021)
Goal - Maximize productivity and efficiency
Roles and responsibilities - Ensuring the safety, health, well-being, care, and
provision of a conducive work environment for employees.
Sri Lanka labor law does not work against to the weaker party of the society. The
purpose of Sri Lankan labor law is social justice. Labor law has enacted some laws to
protect the rights of weaker parties. Various acts have been implemented in Sri Lanka
to protect the weaker parties' rights.
4. Acts that are active in Sri Lanka to protect the weaker party
4.1. Shop and office employee Act
An Act regulating the employment of shops and offices, the regulation of working
hours and salaries to be paid to employees, and related or related events.
(Srilankalaw.lk, 2021)
Key points considered by this act
Working hours of an employee in a shop or office
The health and comfort provide to employees
Maternity benefits for working women
employee’s payment
Closing orders for shops
offenses and penalties
4.2. Employees trust fund Act
An Act to establish a fund called the Employees' Trust Fund and to provide for or
related matters. (Srilankalaw.lk, 2021)
Page | 12
Batch No: 01
Business Law Individual
Assignment
Key points considered by this act
Salaries of employee trust fund Board Members
In connection with the objects of the board
Powers and Duties of the Board
Investments – With regard to investing the funds of the Board with the approval of
the Ministry
Audit of accounts of the Board
Dividends
4.3. Payment of Gratuity Act
The Gratuity Payment Act is the Act relating to the gratuity payable to an employee
of a company. Gratuity is usually a token amount paid by the company to the
employee in gratitude for the service rendered by the company.
Key points considered by this act
Responsibility of the employer to pay bonuses to employees of lands assigned to
the Land Reforms Commission.
Rate of Gratuity payment
Regarding the issuance of a certificate to the Land Reforms Commission stating
the amount to be paid as gratuity
Regarding the obligation of employers to pay bonuses to employers for dismissal
after the implementation of this Act
4.4. Factories ordinances
Provision for the Safety and Welfare of Workers in Factories Ordinance.
Key points considered by this act
Factory registration and approval of factory buildings
Regarding the cleanliness of all factories, sanitation and cleaning without
contaminants.
Regarding safety
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Batch No: 01
Assignment
Key points considered by this act
Salaries of employee trust fund Board Members
In connection with the objects of the board
Powers and Duties of the Board
Investments – With regard to investing the funds of the Board with the approval of
the Ministry
Audit of accounts of the Board
Dividends
4.3. Payment of Gratuity Act
The Gratuity Payment Act is the Act relating to the gratuity payable to an employee
of a company. Gratuity is usually a token amount paid by the company to the
employee in gratitude for the service rendered by the company.
Key points considered by this act
Responsibility of the employer to pay bonuses to employees of lands assigned to
the Land Reforms Commission.
Rate of Gratuity payment
Regarding the issuance of a certificate to the Land Reforms Commission stating
the amount to be paid as gratuity
Regarding the obligation of employers to pay bonuses to employers for dismissal
after the implementation of this Act
4.4. Factories ordinances
Provision for the Safety and Welfare of Workers in Factories Ordinance.
Key points considered by this act
Factory registration and approval of factory buildings
Regarding the cleanliness of all factories, sanitation and cleaning without
contaminants.
Regarding safety
Page | 13
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Business Law Individual
Assignment
5. Contract of employment
An employment contract is an agreement that sets out employment rights,
responsibilities and duties between an employer and an employee. Rights,
responsibilities, and duties are called the 'terms' of the contract. (nidirect, 2021)
Balfour v Balfour - The husband worked abroad and agreed to send maintenance
payments to his wife. The couple was happily married when the agreement was
reached. The relationship then broke down and the husband stopped paying. The wife
tried to enforce the agreement.
Judgement - The Court of Appeals unanimously stated that although the depth of the
argument varies, there is no consensus or agreement that can be enforced.
The case law mentioned above can provide an understanding of the existence of
agreements and also an understanding of judgment.
Also, there is a weaker party in the relationship of the contract of employee. Contract
of employment is done to avoid difficulties for the weaker party by keeping
agreements regarding rights, responsibilities, and duties.
Conclusion - In Sri Lanka, the aforementioned employment law, ACTs, employment
contract and case laws have been established for the benefit of the weaker party. It
also states that Sri Lanka is a welfare state that intervenes in the industrial relations of
employers and employers to protect the weaker party of society.
Task 03
Task 3.1
Godage Construction Company has hired these temporary employees for a new
project. Before recruiting employees Godage contraction has informed those
employees that they are temporary, recruiting employees. Therefore, this implies that
these employees belong to the category of the temporary contract of employment.
Therefore, in dealing with this incident, the rules and regulations of temporary
contract employment should be followed.
Page | 14
Batch No: 01
Assignment
5. Contract of employment
An employment contract is an agreement that sets out employment rights,
responsibilities and duties between an employer and an employee. Rights,
responsibilities, and duties are called the 'terms' of the contract. (nidirect, 2021)
Balfour v Balfour - The husband worked abroad and agreed to send maintenance
payments to his wife. The couple was happily married when the agreement was
reached. The relationship then broke down and the husband stopped paying. The wife
tried to enforce the agreement.
Judgement - The Court of Appeals unanimously stated that although the depth of the
argument varies, there is no consensus or agreement that can be enforced.
The case law mentioned above can provide an understanding of the existence of
agreements and also an understanding of judgment.
Also, there is a weaker party in the relationship of the contract of employee. Contract
of employment is done to avoid difficulties for the weaker party by keeping
agreements regarding rights, responsibilities, and duties.
Conclusion - In Sri Lanka, the aforementioned employment law, ACTs, employment
contract and case laws have been established for the benefit of the weaker party. It
also states that Sri Lanka is a welfare state that intervenes in the industrial relations of
employers and employers to protect the weaker party of society.
Task 03
Task 3.1
Godage Construction Company has hired these temporary employees for a new
project. Before recruiting employees Godage contraction has informed those
employees that they are temporary, recruiting employees. Therefore, this implies that
these employees belong to the category of the temporary contract of employment.
Therefore, in dealing with this incident, the rules and regulations of temporary
contract employment should be followed.
Page | 14
Batch No: 01
Business Law Individual
Assignment
6. Temporary Contract of Employment
A temporary employee is a group of employees who are temporarily employed by an
employer to perform tasks or part of a business until the work is completed or for a
certain period of time. (Uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com, 2021)
Example
1. ABC Company temporarily recruits Kamani to take care of Sita's job task until
Sita's maternity leave ends.
2. The ABC business is hiring temporary employees to construct a new build.
Lanka Podu Seva Sangamaya - Where employees are employed on a temporary basis
and for a specific project for a limited time and after the project is completed,
employees are found to be redundant and their services are suspended, with no relief.
But dismissal benefits can be provided.
Employee Privileges of the temporary contract employment
Temporary contract employees have the right to rest and have limits on the total
number of hours they can work per week. After the week of work, you are entitled
to a minimum of 24 hours, 11 hours of rest per day, and a maximum of 48 hours
per week.
After spending some time with the company employees are entitled to sick leave,
maternity leave.
Bank holidays are not applicable to these employees but should be checked with
the employer.
Usually not eligible for contract sick pay, but that too is something to check with
the employer.
Temporary contract employees have a limited number of privileges and are not
entitled to all the privileges granted to permanent employees. It also does not provide
a guaranteed salary for a long period of time and does not guarantee job confirmation
or a permanent position after the end of the contract.
Temporary employees hired by this Godage company do not need to be compensated.
Because clearly managers have been made aware of this job role in recruiting these
employees. Also, because the employer has the ability to dismiss them at any time.
The best option for Godage's company is to have friendly discussions with employees
Page | 15
Batch No: 01
Assignment
6. Temporary Contract of Employment
A temporary employee is a group of employees who are temporarily employed by an
employer to perform tasks or part of a business until the work is completed or for a
certain period of time. (Uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com, 2021)
Example
1. ABC Company temporarily recruits Kamani to take care of Sita's job task until
Sita's maternity leave ends.
2. The ABC business is hiring temporary employees to construct a new build.
Lanka Podu Seva Sangamaya - Where employees are employed on a temporary basis
and for a specific project for a limited time and after the project is completed,
employees are found to be redundant and their services are suspended, with no relief.
But dismissal benefits can be provided.
Employee Privileges of the temporary contract employment
Temporary contract employees have the right to rest and have limits on the total
number of hours they can work per week. After the week of work, you are entitled
to a minimum of 24 hours, 11 hours of rest per day, and a maximum of 48 hours
per week.
After spending some time with the company employees are entitled to sick leave,
maternity leave.
Bank holidays are not applicable to these employees but should be checked with
the employer.
Usually not eligible for contract sick pay, but that too is something to check with
the employer.
Temporary contract employees have a limited number of privileges and are not
entitled to all the privileges granted to permanent employees. It also does not provide
a guaranteed salary for a long period of time and does not guarantee job confirmation
or a permanent position after the end of the contract.
Temporary employees hired by this Godage company do not need to be compensated.
Because clearly managers have been made aware of this job role in recruiting these
employees. Also, because the employer has the ability to dismiss them at any time.
The best option for Godage's company is to have friendly discussions with employees
Page | 15
Batch No: 01
Business Law Individual
Assignment
about the job role and regulations. If these employees do not accept it, it is better to
take legal action.
Task 3.2
Employment types
3.2.1. Permanent Employment
Permanent employment is the employment status in which a person works for an
employer under a permanent contract. This type of job does not include a deadline. A
permanent employee can work part-time or full-time. Permanent employees often
receive benefit packages through their employers, but those benefits may vary
depending on the status of the full or part-time employee.
Advantages of permanent employment
Insurance facility
Medical facility
Allowances
Career development
Retirement benefits and pension plans
3.2.2. Probationary Employment
The period of time given by the employer to the employees recruited for a certain
period of time to undergo training on the job and to ensure the suitability of the
employee. An employee on probation is clearly less likely to have job security than an
employee who enjoys the status of a permanent employee.
Musajees Ltd v. Rasaiah For probation purposes, the probation officer must perform
his or her services to the satisfaction of his or her employer. Therefore, it is up to the
employer to decide whether the probation officer's service is satisfactory or not.
An employee may be considered "probationary" in several cases:
When the employee was first hired
When an existing employee gets a new position in the company
When supervising a new employee
3.2.3. Casual Employment
Casual workers are employed on an informal basis for business purposes and include:
Page | 16
Batch No: 01
Assignment
about the job role and regulations. If these employees do not accept it, it is better to
take legal action.
Task 3.2
Employment types
3.2.1. Permanent Employment
Permanent employment is the employment status in which a person works for an
employer under a permanent contract. This type of job does not include a deadline. A
permanent employee can work part-time or full-time. Permanent employees often
receive benefit packages through their employers, but those benefits may vary
depending on the status of the full or part-time employee.
Advantages of permanent employment
Insurance facility
Medical facility
Allowances
Career development
Retirement benefits and pension plans
3.2.2. Probationary Employment
The period of time given by the employer to the employees recruited for a certain
period of time to undergo training on the job and to ensure the suitability of the
employee. An employee on probation is clearly less likely to have job security than an
employee who enjoys the status of a permanent employee.
Musajees Ltd v. Rasaiah For probation purposes, the probation officer must perform
his or her services to the satisfaction of his or her employer. Therefore, it is up to the
employer to decide whether the probation officer's service is satisfactory or not.
An employee may be considered "probationary" in several cases:
When the employee was first hired
When an existing employee gets a new position in the company
When supervising a new employee
3.2.3. Casual Employment
Casual workers are employed on an informal basis for business purposes and include:
Page | 16
Batch No: 01
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There is no expectation of continuous work
Employment allowances are not obligatory
A load paid above their hourly wage rate
No sick or annual leave pay
This is a requirement of an award, employment contract, or registration
agreement, and employees are not obligated to announce the termination of their
employment.
Ceylon Ceramics Corporation v. Weerasinghe
Judgement- The Supreme Court confirmed that she (trainee sales assistant) was not a
casual worker. The court said the nature of her job was permanent
3.2.4. Fixed Term Contract
A permanent employee is a group of employees who, under a certain contract, agree
to work for a specified period of time. Therefore, at the end of the period agreed upon
by the parties, the employment is deemed to have ended.
Y.G. De Silva v. ANCL. The court pointed out that if a fixed-term contract is not
renewed, the employee will have no claim to reinstatement within the organization.
Such a claim under section 31B (1) (a) can only be made with the permission of the
employer.
Places where fixed-term contract employment is used:
Project work - A business needs a specific skill to complete a project but no
longer needs an expert when the project is completed.
Maternity cover - If a permanent employee is on maternity leave, a business may
need a temporary team member to assume her duties.
3.2.5. Apprenticeship and Training
The apprenticeship training program is a combination of both on-the-job training and
classroom training that employs employees by learning the skills needed to engage in
a specific job.
Benefits of Apprenticeship Training
Getting a real-life experience
Increased confidence
Page | 17
Batch No: 01
Assignment
There is no expectation of continuous work
Employment allowances are not obligatory
A load paid above their hourly wage rate
No sick or annual leave pay
This is a requirement of an award, employment contract, or registration
agreement, and employees are not obligated to announce the termination of their
employment.
Ceylon Ceramics Corporation v. Weerasinghe
Judgement- The Supreme Court confirmed that she (trainee sales assistant) was not a
casual worker. The court said the nature of her job was permanent
3.2.4. Fixed Term Contract
A permanent employee is a group of employees who, under a certain contract, agree
to work for a specified period of time. Therefore, at the end of the period agreed upon
by the parties, the employment is deemed to have ended.
Y.G. De Silva v. ANCL. The court pointed out that if a fixed-term contract is not
renewed, the employee will have no claim to reinstatement within the organization.
Such a claim under section 31B (1) (a) can only be made with the permission of the
employer.
Places where fixed-term contract employment is used:
Project work - A business needs a specific skill to complete a project but no
longer needs an expert when the project is completed.
Maternity cover - If a permanent employee is on maternity leave, a business may
need a temporary team member to assume her duties.
3.2.5. Apprenticeship and Training
The apprenticeship training program is a combination of both on-the-job training and
classroom training that employs employees by learning the skills needed to engage in
a specific job.
Benefits of Apprenticeship Training
Getting a real-life experience
Increased confidence
Page | 17
Batch No: 01
Business Law Individual
Assignment
Proficiency in a specific field of employment
Various career choices
Improved productivity
Earn while learning
Task 04
Task 4.1
Nihal goes to the supermarket and took a packet of biscuits into his hand but left
it on another shelf without presenting it to the cashier
4.1.1. Offer
An offer is an expression of a willingness to enter into an agreement on certain terms.
It must be made with the intention of being bound by its acceptance. The offer should
be a serious and definite promise.
Harvey Vs Facey In a telegraph, Facey offered Harvey a bumper Hall pen for as low
as 900. Later facey failed to sell the bumper Hall pen to Harvey for the same price.
Judgement - The council said that was not a contract between the parties. Facey did
not directly answer the first question of whether they would sell them, and the lowest
price stated was in response to a request for information, not an offer. There is no
evidence that the telegram sent by Facey was intended to be an offer.
Considering the above incident, first, the incident took the form of an offer, and then
the offer was canceled. The reason was that Nihal took a biscuit packet from the
supermarket means Nihal accepted the offer but it was canceled again as Nihal put it
in another box.
Task 4.2
Nuwan places a newspaper advertisement by stating that “The best herbal
shampoo in Sri Lanka. Results within 2 weeks. Rs. 500 only”
The contract revealed by the sentence above is the Invitation to treat
Page | 18
Batch No: 01
Assignment
Proficiency in a specific field of employment
Various career choices
Improved productivity
Earn while learning
Task 04
Task 4.1
Nihal goes to the supermarket and took a packet of biscuits into his hand but left
it on another shelf without presenting it to the cashier
4.1.1. Offer
An offer is an expression of a willingness to enter into an agreement on certain terms.
It must be made with the intention of being bound by its acceptance. The offer should
be a serious and definite promise.
Harvey Vs Facey In a telegraph, Facey offered Harvey a bumper Hall pen for as low
as 900. Later facey failed to sell the bumper Hall pen to Harvey for the same price.
Judgement - The council said that was not a contract between the parties. Facey did
not directly answer the first question of whether they would sell them, and the lowest
price stated was in response to a request for information, not an offer. There is no
evidence that the telegram sent by Facey was intended to be an offer.
Considering the above incident, first, the incident took the form of an offer, and then
the offer was canceled. The reason was that Nihal took a biscuit packet from the
supermarket means Nihal accepted the offer but it was canceled again as Nihal put it
in another box.
Task 4.2
Nuwan places a newspaper advertisement by stating that “The best herbal
shampoo in Sri Lanka. Results within 2 weeks. Rs. 500 only”
The contract revealed by the sentence above is the Invitation to treat
Page | 18
Batch No: 01
Business Law Individual
Assignment
4.2.1. Invitation to Treat
An invitation to treat is an invitation to make a proposal to someone. It is described as
providing information to persuade the other party to submit. The offer will be
accepted at the beginning of the contract. But an invitation to treat is just an invitation
to give something to another party. But false information cannot be presented.
Examples of an invitation to treat are an advertisement, promotion, display of goods,
tenders, and auctions.
Carlill vs Carbolic Smoke Ball Co The carbolic smoke ball company announced in a
newspaper advertisement that a person who used small bolls three times a day for two
weeks would be rewarded with a hundred pounds if he infected influenza. Mrs.
Carlill, who later used the snowball properly, succumbed to 'influenza'. So, she asked
for 100 pounds reward.
Judgement- The Court of Appeal held that Mrs. carlill was entitled to the reward, as
the advertisement for that party contract was advertised.
In the sentence above, an advertisement states that it is the best herbal shampoo, that
it costs five hundred rupees, and that can get results in a week. An advertisement
states that it is an invitation to treat.
Task 4.3
4.3.1. What is Contract means
A contract is, by its simplest definition, a promise that can be enforced by law. The
promise can be to do something or to refrain from doing something. A contract
requires the mutual consent of two or more persons, one of whom usually makes a
proposal and the other accepts it. If one party fails to fulfill a promise, the other has
the right to seek redress through the law. The law of the contract considers issues such
as whether there is a contract, what it means, whether a contract has been breached,
and the amount of compensation to be paid by the injured party.
Instances of breach of contract
Failure to provide the promised service
Page | 19
Batch No: 01
Assignment
4.2.1. Invitation to Treat
An invitation to treat is an invitation to make a proposal to someone. It is described as
providing information to persuade the other party to submit. The offer will be
accepted at the beginning of the contract. But an invitation to treat is just an invitation
to give something to another party. But false information cannot be presented.
Examples of an invitation to treat are an advertisement, promotion, display of goods,
tenders, and auctions.
Carlill vs Carbolic Smoke Ball Co The carbolic smoke ball company announced in a
newspaper advertisement that a person who used small bolls three times a day for two
weeks would be rewarded with a hundred pounds if he infected influenza. Mrs.
Carlill, who later used the snowball properly, succumbed to 'influenza'. So, she asked
for 100 pounds reward.
Judgement- The Court of Appeal held that Mrs. carlill was entitled to the reward, as
the advertisement for that party contract was advertised.
In the sentence above, an advertisement states that it is the best herbal shampoo, that
it costs five hundred rupees, and that can get results in a week. An advertisement
states that it is an invitation to treat.
Task 4.3
4.3.1. What is Contract means
A contract is, by its simplest definition, a promise that can be enforced by law. The
promise can be to do something or to refrain from doing something. A contract
requires the mutual consent of two or more persons, one of whom usually makes a
proposal and the other accepts it. If one party fails to fulfill a promise, the other has
the right to seek redress through the law. The law of the contract considers issues such
as whether there is a contract, what it means, whether a contract has been breached,
and the amount of compensation to be paid by the injured party.
Instances of breach of contract
Failure to provide the promised service
Page | 19
Batch No: 01
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Business Law Individual
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Ex: The ABC company promised to make a birthday cake for a customer named
Saman on December 30th. However, due to an emergency, the ABC company failed
to make the cake that day and the contract was canceled
If the person receiving the service does not pay for the service or does not pay
within the prescribed time
Ex: Mr. Saman had taken a vehicle lease from DEF Bank and failed to pay the loan
installments for a long period of time. So, the bank took the vehicle back from Mr.
Saman
If the work done is erroneous
Ex: Mr. Saman bought a blender from GEF company. But it did not work. So, Mr.
Saman handed it back to the GEF company.
In case of non-receipt of due service from the goods
Ex: After purchasing the TV from the home appliance company, due to the lack of
clear views when using the TV
Task 4.4
4.4.1. Conditions
Conditions are certain obligations, terms, and conditions imposed by both parties.
Conditions are essential, conditions must be satisfied. Conditions are obligations that
must be fulfilled by a party, such as the completion of a duty or task. Because
conditions are needed, conditions are an event that affects the contract. (Key
Differences, 2021)
London Passenger Transport Board v. Moscrop
4.4.2. Warranties
English law defines this as the time given to make damages. It often demonstrates the
quality of the product. No warranty will be given unless the product is of good
quality. Modern Roman-Dutch law defines the warranty as to the condition. (Key
Differences, 2021)
Difference between conditions and warranties
Page | 20
Batch No: 01
Assignment
Ex: The ABC company promised to make a birthday cake for a customer named
Saman on December 30th. However, due to an emergency, the ABC company failed
to make the cake that day and the contract was canceled
If the person receiving the service does not pay for the service or does not pay
within the prescribed time
Ex: Mr. Saman had taken a vehicle lease from DEF Bank and failed to pay the loan
installments for a long period of time. So, the bank took the vehicle back from Mr.
Saman
If the work done is erroneous
Ex: Mr. Saman bought a blender from GEF company. But it did not work. So, Mr.
Saman handed it back to the GEF company.
In case of non-receipt of due service from the goods
Ex: After purchasing the TV from the home appliance company, due to the lack of
clear views when using the TV
Task 4.4
4.4.1. Conditions
Conditions are certain obligations, terms, and conditions imposed by both parties.
Conditions are essential, conditions must be satisfied. Conditions are obligations that
must be fulfilled by a party, such as the completion of a duty or task. Because
conditions are needed, conditions are an event that affects the contract. (Key
Differences, 2021)
London Passenger Transport Board v. Moscrop
4.4.2. Warranties
English law defines this as the time given to make damages. It often demonstrates the
quality of the product. No warranty will be given unless the product is of good
quality. Modern Roman-Dutch law defines the warranty as to the condition. (Key
Differences, 2021)
Difference between conditions and warranties
Page | 20
Batch No: 01
Business Law Individual
Assignment
A requirement or event that must be fulfilled before the end of another process is
called a condition, but a warranty is a guarantee given by the seller to the buyer
about the quality of the product.
In the event of a breach, the contract will be terminated under the condition but
damages may be claimed for the breach during the warranty.
Violation of the terms can be considered a condition of the breach but the breach
of liability does not affect the warranty.
Conclusion
Sri Lanka is a country with a diversified legal system. Sri Lanka has also enacted
various laws and constitutions. But if a single legal system was used in Sri Lanka
instead of a different legal system, it would make clear sense. Also, various judgments
have been given regarding case laws in Sri Lanka. It is an advantage to one party and
a loss to another
Page | 21
Batch No: 01
Assignment
A requirement or event that must be fulfilled before the end of another process is
called a condition, but a warranty is a guarantee given by the seller to the buyer
about the quality of the product.
In the event of a breach, the contract will be terminated under the condition but
damages may be claimed for the breach during the warranty.
Violation of the terms can be considered a condition of the breach but the breach
of liability does not affect the warranty.
Conclusion
Sri Lanka is a country with a diversified legal system. Sri Lanka has also enacted
various laws and constitutions. But if a single legal system was used in Sri Lanka
instead of a different legal system, it would make clear sense. Also, various judgments
have been given regarding case laws in Sri Lanka. It is an advantage to one party and
a loss to another
Page | 21
Batch No: 01
Business Law Individual
Assignment
References
Balfour v Balfour [1919] 2 KB 571
Lanka Podu Seva Sangamaya (1995) 1 Sri LR 135
Carlill vs Carbolic Smoke Ball Co. (1893) 1 QB
Harvey Vs Facey (1893) AC 552 Privy Council
London Passenger Transport Board v. Moscrop (1942) AC 332
Sivagnanalingam v.Suntheralingam
Musajees Ltd v. Rasaiah (1996) SLR 365
Y.G. De Silva v. ANCL.
Ceylon Ceramics Corporation v. Weerasinghe (SC 24-25/76).
Courses.lumenlearning.com, 2021. The Meaning and Purposes of Law | Introduction
to Business [Deprecated]. [online] Courses.lumenlearning.com. Available at:
<https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wmopen-introbusiness/chapter/meaning-and-
purposes-of-the-law/> [Accessed 2 October 2021].
Libguides.uchastings.edu, 2021. LibGuides: Academic Success Resources for
Students: Sources of Law: Cases, Statutes, Secondary Sources and More. [online]
Libguides.uchastings.edu. Available at: <https://libguides.uchastings.edu/academic-
success/sourcesoflaw> [Accessed 3 October 2021].
Nyulawglobal.org, 2021. Sri Lanka: Legal Research and Legal System - GlobaLex.
[online] Nyulawglobal.org. Available at:
<https://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Sri_Lanka.html> [Accessed 6 October
2021].
Archives.dailynews.lk, 2021. Features | Online edition of Daily News - Lakehouse
Newspapers. [online] Archives.dailynews.lk. Available at:
<http://archives.dailynews.lk/2012/01/27/fea10.asp> [Accessed 7 October 2021].
Study.com, 2021. [online] Study.com. Available at:
<https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-employment-law-an-introduction-to-
employment-law.html> [Accessed 8 October 2021].
Page | 22
Batch No: 01
Assignment
References
Balfour v Balfour [1919] 2 KB 571
Lanka Podu Seva Sangamaya (1995) 1 Sri LR 135
Carlill vs Carbolic Smoke Ball Co. (1893) 1 QB
Harvey Vs Facey (1893) AC 552 Privy Council
London Passenger Transport Board v. Moscrop (1942) AC 332
Sivagnanalingam v.Suntheralingam
Musajees Ltd v. Rasaiah (1996) SLR 365
Y.G. De Silva v. ANCL.
Ceylon Ceramics Corporation v. Weerasinghe (SC 24-25/76).
Courses.lumenlearning.com, 2021. The Meaning and Purposes of Law | Introduction
to Business [Deprecated]. [online] Courses.lumenlearning.com. Available at:
<https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wmopen-introbusiness/chapter/meaning-and-
purposes-of-the-law/> [Accessed 2 October 2021].
Libguides.uchastings.edu, 2021. LibGuides: Academic Success Resources for
Students: Sources of Law: Cases, Statutes, Secondary Sources and More. [online]
Libguides.uchastings.edu. Available at: <https://libguides.uchastings.edu/academic-
success/sourcesoflaw> [Accessed 3 October 2021].
Nyulawglobal.org, 2021. Sri Lanka: Legal Research and Legal System - GlobaLex.
[online] Nyulawglobal.org. Available at:
<https://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Sri_Lanka.html> [Accessed 6 October
2021].
Archives.dailynews.lk, 2021. Features | Online edition of Daily News - Lakehouse
Newspapers. [online] Archives.dailynews.lk. Available at:
<http://archives.dailynews.lk/2012/01/27/fea10.asp> [Accessed 7 October 2021].
Study.com, 2021. [online] Study.com. Available at:
<https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-employment-law-an-introduction-to-
employment-law.html> [Accessed 8 October 2021].
Page | 22
Batch No: 01
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Business Law Individual
Assignment
Nderitu, G., 2021. Difference between an Employee and an Employer | Difference
Between. [online] Differencebetween.net. Available at:
<http://www.differencebetween.net/business/difference-between-an-employee-and-
an-employer/> [Accessed 8 October 2021].
Srilankalaw.lk, 2021. Employees' Trust Fund Act | Volume III. [online]
Srilankalaw.lk. Available at: <https://www.srilankalaw.lk/Volume-III/employees-
trust-fund-act.html> [Accessed 9 October 2021].
nidirect, 2021. Employment contracts. [online] nidirect. Available at:
<https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/articles/employment-contracts> [Accessed 9 October
2021].
Key Differences, S., 2021. Difference Between Condition and Warranty (with
Comparison Chart) - Key Differences. [online] Key Differences. Available at:
<https://keydifferences.com/difference-between-condition-and-warranty.html>
[Accessed 11 October 2021].
Page | 23
Batch No: 01
Assignment
Nderitu, G., 2021. Difference between an Employee and an Employer | Difference
Between. [online] Differencebetween.net. Available at:
<http://www.differencebetween.net/business/difference-between-an-employee-and-
an-employer/> [Accessed 8 October 2021].
Srilankalaw.lk, 2021. Employees' Trust Fund Act | Volume III. [online]
Srilankalaw.lk. Available at: <https://www.srilankalaw.lk/Volume-III/employees-
trust-fund-act.html> [Accessed 9 October 2021].
nidirect, 2021. Employment contracts. [online] nidirect. Available at:
<https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/articles/employment-contracts> [Accessed 9 October
2021].
Key Differences, S., 2021. Difference Between Condition and Warranty (with
Comparison Chart) - Key Differences. [online] Key Differences. Available at:
<https://keydifferences.com/difference-between-condition-and-warranty.html>
[Accessed 11 October 2021].
Page | 23
Batch No: 01
1 out of 23
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