Motivating Employees: Psychology Theories

This assignment delves into various psychological theories that contribute to employee motivation and job satisfaction. It focuses on Maslow's Need Hierarchy, Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory (including motivation and hygiene factors), and Douglas McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y. The analysis aims to demonstrate how these theories can be applied practically for personal and professional development within the workplace. The assignment also critically evaluates job satisfaction as a concept and explores diverse techniques for motivating employees to enhance their performance and overall well-being.

Business Psychology,
Coaching and
mentoring
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Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
Job satisfaction.................................................................................................................................3
Motivational theories.......................................................................................................................4
Maslow's need hierarchy model...................................................................................................4
Herzberg two factor theory..........................................................................................................4
X and y motivational theory........................................................................................................5
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................6
REFERENCE...................................................................................................................................8
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INTRODUCTION
Psychological factor is personal factor of any individual that includes his attitude,
perception, lifestyle, thinking regarding any particular choice. However, each individual has
different perceptions and motivational tools who encourages him to do extra efforts and
contribute his best for working in team. It is interrelated with job satisfaction and motivational
tool for an individual for performing his work. The present report is based on understanding job
satisfaction tool as well several kinds of motivational theories that are useful for encouraging
each worker of the organization to perform better. In this regard, mas-low's need hierarchy
model, Heisenberg's two factor theory and X and Y theory are to be introduced. Including this,
deep knowledge related to human psychologies in respect of several motivational theories can be
described through this assignment. Thus, students are able to understand business psychology,
coaching and monitoring related to job satisfaction component by studying this project report.
JOB SATISFACTION
It is considered as positive feeling for human that encourages him for better work
performance as well doing extra efforts for effectiveness of organization. In this regard,
satisfaction level of employees regarding business performance is gained through this process.
However, several positive outcomes are generated through this system therefore being satisfied
with individual's performance at personal and professional level is useful for his personal and
professional development (Band and et.al, 2016). Including this, it is beneficial for improving
workers' skills such as communication, problem solving abilities, helping other workers and
different qualities. Moreover, it is valuable for creating positive and healthy environment of
organization at high level. However, an employee will perform at workplace with high level of
satisfaction and also remains able to reduce negativity as conflicts and disputes. Therefore, great
understanding among all employees can be gained at high level. However, worker perform his
job with effective satisfaction.
On the other way, job dissatisfaction is an approach in which employee do not perform
his work with happy, effective environment. In this process, he also disturbed atmosphere of
organization. In accordance to this, disputes and conflicts are raised between employees and
employer of the organization. However, it is difficult to gain support of each employee for
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working in team effectively therefore, creating efforts and preparing planning to encourage them
for better work performance is required (Bargh, 2013). Thus, job satisfaction is a negative
concept that disturbs entity's environment as well remains unable to develop human tendency
towards work performance. In this regard, negative perception and attitude is determined through
this process that affects his behavior and dealing manner with problems.
Including this, satisfaction of workers towards full time and part time are recognized by
which, employees’ capability and various tools are identified. However, their interest for
working hour’s as well performing job is analyzed through this tool. As per this analysis,
different ideas are generated for satisfied them towards job performance. In addition to this,
some employees like to work for complete office as well some remains satisfied for working for
short time period. Therefore, it is essential to identify workers’ satisfaction level regarding job
performance effectively.
MOTIVATIONAL THEORIES
Maslow's need hierarchy model
This model contains all the needs of the peoples. These are self-actualization need, self-
esteem needs, love and belonging needs, safety and securities needs and physiological needs.
According to the self-actualization needs people wants morality, creativity, and acceptance.
Under this people requires moral support to survive in this world (Zheng and et.al., 2015). They
want morality at every stage of their life. Like they want to get inspiration in childhood so they
want morality, thereafter they want to get job or effective entrepreneur they needs morality to get
inspired. In simple word we can says that morality refers to inspirations. Next need is creativity,
it means that people needs more creative in this environment and helps the others to make their
life more easily. At every stage of life creation is one of the most effective part of people.
Thereafter, we comes on acceptance, people want acceptance at every stage of their life. The
next need is self esteem need, it refers that people needs self respect, eco friendly environment,
confidence to get their goals in their life. According to this need people want to achieve goals for
their inspiration and for mental assurance (Nosraty and et.al., 2015). They want self respect and
give respects to others in their life, because they gets self motivated and gets inspiration to
achieve more. Afterwards next need is love and belonging, it states that people needs friendship,
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family and sense of connection so that they achieve their inspiration to do any work and achieves
their goals. This need refers that every human want friends and families, To whom they can
enjoy. In front of them they can share their all their memories, their positive and negative
aspects. After this need human requires safety needs, under this need human wants health,
employment, property, family and social stability. they needs money from employment for
survives. The most important part is every human want to build home in which they lives their
life happily with their families. Rather than this people also wants social assistance. Last need is
physiological needs, According to this need humans requires breathing, food, water, shelter,
clothing and sleep. they want all this to live their life (Jonas, 2016). All these needs have both
positive and negative aspects such as, many people suffers to getting these needs and many of
them had more than this. At present scenario every humans requires more than these needs.
However, they wants to get their desire and destinations, so day by day people takes wrong path
for achieving all these. Major impact of these needs are on poor peoples, because for getting all
these people increases the harm to naturalism and other peoples too. For the impact of this
survive in the world gets too hard and people takes wrong path to survives. At present scenario
poorer get more Poor and Richer gets more rich. According to this scenario, poor peoples lives
their life too hard. Lots of farmers commit suicides and many people gets wrong path to survives
in this world. Major implication of this on children because they can not pay fees for getting
education. From getting family conditions they have to do work too hard. However their
childhood goes on too danger (Charnes and et.al., 2013).
Herzberg two factor theory
Heisenberg's motivation theory is related to job satisfaction tool in which different tools
and techniques are presented for motivating employees related to job performance. In this regard,
several attitudes and perceptions are determined for working at organization as well different
outcomes are obtained that are effective for motivating employees. In this process, research asks
questions to Engineers and managers. And further various kinds of answers are obtained that
presents human psychology regarding work performance is determined. In addition to this, job
satisfaction of employees is recognized by which different levels of monetary and non-economic
tools are created (Cao and et.al., 2013). However, analyst segmented determined replies in two
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factors as motivation and hygiene factors. Therefore, both of these factors can be understood as
below:-
 Motivational factors:- It includes different tools such as work recognition,
responsibility, involvement in decision making process, asking for job itself, satisfaction
level towards job performance, personal growth and achievement and so on. Therefore,
under this process planning respondents' satisfaction level regarding his work
performance are determined. In this process, his responsibility and work performance
level is recognized thereby intrinsic psychology and personal factors who motivate
workers are identified (Charnes and et.al., 2013). Therefore, these motivator tools are
related to analyzing human psychology and several tools for enhancing quality services
of work performance. However, motivator factors are responsible to gain attitude,
perception and human psychology regarding effectiveness of job performance.
 Hygiene factors:- Under this process tools, various factors are determined such as salary,
incentives, bonus and determinants that attract employees for performing better work
performance at high level. In this process, maintenance factors related to making
decisions and analyzing performs' satisfaction regarding work performance. However,
some of the respondents present their views that monetary tools of motivation encourages
them for better quality services as well enhancing their working efficiencies at high level.
In this regard, by analyzing hygiene factors of Heisenberg, different tools and techniques
are applied that are useful for stimulating them regarding getting promotion and
enhancing their appraisal (Jonas, 2016). Similarly, different factors and tools are applied
for better work performance as well remains helpful for improving their skills.
Heisenberg hygiene two factor theory is effective but there is quite confusion between
motivator and hygiene factors. Under this tool process, accurate satisfaction of human and his
strong psychology is not obtained therefore, it is required for organization and manager of the
company for analyzing employees performance and further organizing development programs
for improving also remains able to emerge positive feeling regarding job performance effectively
(Kaur, 2013).
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X and y motivational theory
This kind of motivational technique is used by an entity in order to motivate different
employees working in an enterprise. The desired aim of the business entity is to grab higher
market advantage located in the external business environment. Motivation is regarded as he
essential factor in which the quality of an individual gets increases with the passage of time
(Keith and et.al., 2015). This kind of motivational technique considers two parameters such as X
and Y categories in order to test the skills and capabilities of the employer in order to provide
higher market opportunities in the external business environment.
Two parameters of this kind of theory includes motivation and participative factors as
both these factors are regarded as one of the important factors for an individual in order to
remain active in the business in performing all their duties in the best suitable manner in
achieving all the desired aim and the objectives of the business in less period (Mehrad and et.al.,
2015). Douglas McGregor's developed this particular theory in order to help an entity in order to
improve the existing performance of the business in achieving desired aims and targets in less
period as the role of employer is essential as all their employees need to be satisfied with the
current business practices as the work load pressures can be eliminated by increasing their self
confidence on itself in order to face all he complexities imposed on their business to prove their
identity.
Theory X focuses on providing motivation to an individual working for the benefit of an
entity as the desired motive of an entity is to provide reward to a person to appreciate theory
work in order to inspire them in accomplishing all their tasks and duties in less period (Nosraty
and et.al., 2015). In this approach the focus of an entity owner lies on using various appraisals
methods as an entity owner uses positive technique of providing motivation to all their
employees as they are important part of an organisation who will generate higher amount of sales
ad the revenue for the business in increasing their current market value in front of external
competitors located in the external business environment. It can be said that the positive aspects
of this particular theory is that it motivates their employees in a positive manner as providing
appraisals to all the employees will increase their survival of all the employees in an entity.
Theory Y on the other hand focuses on increasing the feeling of participation among
employees as the manager of an entity will take initiatives in order to inspire various individuals
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in fulfilling all their duties. The focus of an entity owner lies on creating collaborative and
participation among employees as accomplishment of all the gaols and the objectives is possible
in an entity due to collaborative working where manager will allocate all work duties among
their employees who will follows the order of their manager (Schultz and Schultz, 2015). So, the
good leadership quality of a manager will matter in enhancing positive influence of managers on
all the employees working in an entity.
Individual reflection: - Being a manager of organization, I apply all of the three above mentioned
motivational theories to encourage company’s employees. In this regard, different
theories are applied related to behavior and satisfaction level of workers. Therefore, by
using these theories to motivate employees, I would like to apply Heisenberg theory that
is most suitable for encouraging employees to play their effective role in team building. It
will be able to increasing efficiencies of workers for better performance at high level.
CONCLUSION
The report is concluded that motivational theories are useful for encouraging workers of
the organization for better work performance. In this regard, different tools and techniques are
determined for motivating employees to emerge positive attitude and perception towards job
satisfaction. Including this, several motivational theories are presented including maslows' need,
Herzberg's two factor theory and X and Y theory that are helpful for personal and professional
development of workers effectively. Moreover, critical evaluation on job satisfaction concept as
well different theories are obtained through this assignment. Thus, business psychology,
coaching and monitoring over human mind regarding negative perceptions are determined.
However, varieties of techniques are determined for motivating employees of the company who
are able to perform as well valuable for improving different skills therefore he can work with
positive spirit and can emerge positiveness in behavior at personal and professional level through
this assignment.
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REFERENCE
Books and Journals
Band, G. and et.al., 2016. Herzberg Two Factor Theory among the Management Faculty in
Nagpur City. In International Conference on Management and Information Systems
September. 78(6). pp.90-99.
Bargh, J.A., 2013. Social psychology and the unconscious: The automaticity of higher mental
processes. Psychology Press.
Cao, H. and et.al., 2013. A Maslow's hierarchy of needs analysis of social networking services
continuance. Journal of Service Management. 67(2). pp.170-190.
Charnes, A. and et.al., 2013. Data envelopment analysis: Theory, methodology, and
applications. Springer Science & Business Media.
Jonas, J., 2016. Making practical use of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs theory to motivate
employees: a case of Masvingo Polytechnic. Journal of Management & Administration.
67(2). pp.105-117.
Kaur, A., 2013. Maslow’s need hierarchy theory: Applications and criticisms. Global Journal of
Management and Business Studies. 67(10). pp.1061-1064.
Keith, N. and et.al., 2015. Informal learning and entrepreneurial success: A longitudinal study
of deliberate practice among small business owners. Applied Psychology.
Mehrad, A. and et.al., 2015. The role of job satisfaction among academic staff at university.
Proceeding of the 3rd Global Summit on Education GSE, pp.9-10.
Nosraty, S. and et.al., 2015. Analyzing the Role of Motivation Factors in Herzberg’s Theory on
Teacher’s Job Satisfaction (Case Study: Elementary Schools in Talesh City).
International Journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research. 56(1). pp.87-92.
Schultz, D. and Schultz, S.E., 2015. Psychology and Work Today 10E. Routledge.
Zheng, Y. and et.al., 2015. Developing plate tectonics theory from oceanic subduction zones to
collisional orogens. Science China Earth Sciences. 67(7). pp.1045-1069.
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