Impacts of Brexit on Import and Export of Goods

This study focuses on the impacts of Brexit on the import and export of goods in the UK. It explores the effects on trade between the UK and the EU, evaluates the positive and negative effects on the UK economy, and identifies the most affected sectors and reasons behind it. The study also highlights the significance of research methodology in conducting such studies and provides recommendations for the UK to effectively manage import and export processes post-Brexit.

Business Research
Methods

Contents
TOPIC: Impacts of Brexit on import and export of goods..............................................................1
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
Background..................................................................................................................................1
Aim..............................................................................................................................................1
Objectives....................................................................................................................................2
Research Questions......................................................................................................................2
Significance (150)........................................................................................................................2
LITERATURE REVIEW (1000)....................................................................................................2
Theme 1: Benefits of having good managers in firm..................................................................2
Theme 2: Attributes and characteristics of good managers.........................................................2
Theme 3: Management skills of good managers in Tesco..........................................................2
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY (1100).........................................................................................2
OUTCOMES...................................................................................................................................5
RECOMMENDATIONS (300-350)................................................................................................7
CONCLUSION (300)......................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8

TOPIC: Impacts of Brexit on import and export of goods
INTRODUCTION
Brexit is the withdrawal of the UK from the European Union. After the process of voting,
UK was withdrawal from trading or performing process of important and export in other EU
countries. So, in the context of Brexit it can be said that it has affected the UK’s economy its
some sectors, their performance, health care services and others sectors the most in a negative
manner (Clarke and et.al., 2017). It is no longer part of EU’s political bodies. For understanding
it in detail it is important to understand that what is EU and what has it contributed. In this
context, it can be said that it is an economic union which consists of 280 European countries.
One of the main contribution and effectiveness of EU is it allows free trade or import and export
processing of goods without paying charges and checks. It also allows free movement of people
to work, to live wherever they want to do. But after the Brexit, UK has to leave EU which
affected its trade processes including import and export of goods to the great extent.
Background
This present study is going to show effects of Brexit which it has on trade between UK
and EU and between UK and other countries. It will also show some reasons as why some
sectors of the UK affected the most after Brexit and after the withdrawal of the UK from EU
(Sampson, 2017). This study will also show importance of research methodology in conducting a
research as it includes several elements which plays an important role in allowing researcher to
make his study successful. Some elements of research are considered key of the success of
research study such as data collection, data analysis and research types. All these elements of
research allow scholar to collect data or informations in an effective manner and in an effective
form as per the nature of the topic. Further, it will also show effectiveness and reasons of data
analysis and findings in research as it also allows researcher to get relevant informations to the
topic and accomplish the main aim of conducting this research. Lastly, it will suggest some ways
in regards to the topic as how UK can make itself beneficial even after Brexit and how it can
complete import and export processes in an effective manner.
.
Aim
“To identify impacts of Brexit on import and export of goods: A case study on UK”
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Objectives
 To explore effects of Brexit on trade between UK and EU.
 To evaluate positive and negative effects of Brexit on UK economy in all manner.
 To identify sector along with reasons which affected the most after Brexit?
Research Questions
 What effects does Brexit have on import and export of goods from the UK?
 What effects does Brexit have on the economy of the UK?
 Which sector is being affected the most after Brexit and why?
Significance
Brexit which meaning British Exist or UK leaving EU and as per this UK is no longer to
trade free or complete import and export functions in an effective manner. In this context, it can
be said that some people are in its favor while other are in its opposition. There is a conflict
between deciding that whether Brexit is good or having positive impacts or not good and having
negative impacts. By conducting this study and gathering all possible informations related to
Brexit, it can be identified that what exactly Brexit is having effects on the UK and its economy.
Brexit is one of the hot topic which has made sudden several changes in the UK. So, one of the
main reasons of conducting report on this topic is to make people aware about it as what is it and
what all critical impacts it is having along with identifying the most affected area or sector of the
UK after Brexit (Dhingra, Machin and Overman, 2017).
LITERATURE REVIEW (1000)
Theme 1: Effects of Brexit on import and export of goods from the UK
As per the view of Dhingra and et.al., (2016), more than 4 years have been asses since the UK
have been voted out for the Brexit which have the analysis the short-term fallout with trade in
goods due the changes in their potential changes in respective trade policies. On the other hand ,
McGrattan. and Waddle, (2020) argues as the UK have fails to have secure level of new trade in
order to have dealing with EU in addition to that’s the author supported the statement stating
their tariff have no level of preference for the total exports of UK to the EU have been dropped
out along to 4%. As the result this have impacted the small business as the EU have significant
level of import demand reagreeing the export of UK which is fairly in inelastic especially for
the product which have the facing the higher level of tariff.
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As per the view of Lawless and Morgenroth, (2019), there have been the catastrophic collapse
in trade as the UK is currently enjoying the free trade access to the European market and have
the major reason to remain more level of optimistic even after the divorce have been finalised.
On the other hand , the Busch and Matthes, (2016) have contradicted that’s there have the short
tern fallout of the respective trade in the goods which is from Brexit due to the level of
potential changes for the trade policies as major trading partner is respective way. in addition to
that’s OTRI have the summaries the more level trade policy stance as importing country by
taking in account with size and responsiveness which is measured using the level tariff and non-
tariff measures. Hence the result has their stated that’s UK have failed to have securing the new
trade dealing with EU.
according to the view of Steinberg, J.B., (2019), the situation when UK have leave EU , there
may be changes in the trade policy of UK-EU as the UK border which have the inclusion of the
customer, tariff, VAT, safety and security, documentations which have the vehicle standard and
controlled the products. As per the Sulimierska and Miele, (2017), contradict that there is risk
regarding the physical inspection which have dependence on the nature and durations as the post
have need in order to accommodate with increased the demand of the inspections facilities.
Theme 2: Positive and negative effects of Brexit on UK economy in all manner
As per the view of Oehler., Horn and Wendt., (2017), the UK decision have the leaving the EU
which is having the effect the people associate with business as it has the perhaps decisions at the
state level by paying taxes in Europe when they are getting anything in return. In perfect manner,
the UK economy have the statistic and facts which have the cost of £130 billion, with the bill
expected to grow by another £70 billion by the end of 2020. On the other hand, after the
adjusting the inflations there UK have the injected the £215 billion into the EU from 1973 to the
end of 2020. In addition to the Brexits have the consequences which have the strengthened the
anti-migrations parties in the state of Europe by gaining the enough level of ground the France
and Germany as they could have forcing the anti-EU vote.
As per the view of Ziv, G and et.al., (2018), Brexits have been going to make the people graders
from the EU member states to move to be good level of professionals who are immigrating form
the US, Singapore and Australia or the one who are working the foreign based companies and
earning the dollars. In addition, the EU regulations for the country fishing industry which have
been fallen into the union most apparent level of failing.
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According to view of (), there negative impact of Brexit on their business vendors as traveling
with product from one country to another country have increased the cost of business which is
loss of revenue and bigger issues. The firm have facing to the as their free entry will not be
possible in UK where you have sent years to make the respective business relations and business
values imperfect manner. In addition to that’s the firm is expected to pay the custom duty and
other respective taxed in order to have the receiving of goods and services for the EU members.
Theme 3: sector along with reasons which affected the most after Brexit
As per the view of Lawless and Morgenroth, (2019), the effects of the Brexit have the fall
which is accords the different groups in the population which have the possible level of
differential impacts characterized as the impact by religion, sector, skill level and the mitigation
of governed for reduction of risk. In the addition to this, the author supported by stating that’s
there is strong level of overlap with religion living standard which is been almost squeezed by
the inflation. As the predicted level of effects of the regionals growth which have resulted as the
higher level of dependence and the regional economy and greater exposure in the trade barriers
due to the regional composition of goods and services for export.
On the other hand, the Busch and Matthes, (2016) have constricted the estimated level of higher
exposure to the are clothing and textiles, transport equipment, chemicals and pharmaceuticals,
and finance: these export high shares of output to the EU, or purchase high levels of inputs from
the EU (or both). As it has inclusion of several trade barriers which is shared to the low educated
worker employed which are such as the 25% in norther Ireland and 24% of the west midlands as
the compare to 19% of UK overall. The Oehler., Horn and Wendt., (2017),also review the issues
as the complexity have the arising due to the propensity to trade within the EU industry is
considered to be greater by dealing the greater level of uncertainty.
The author concluded the effects as there potential level of impact on the living standard of the
lower income households which a the inappropriately have the distribution of incomes have
resulted to the poverty in there small most scenarios. Hence, due to the Brexit in UK have the
strong level of consensus as there it will have the leaving of the UK poorer to the medium terms
by concerning on level of reginal disparities.
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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research methodology refers or can be defined as an effective technique which supports
scholar in collecting, identifying and analyzing informations relevant to the topic and make them
use in developing research. It includes some elements on which basis all these functions of data
collection, processing are being done such as:
Research type: It refers a form in which researcher collect data such as either in
numerical form or in words or non-numerical form. Selection of collecting informations in a
particular form mainly depends upon the nature of the study. Qualitative and quantitative are 2
research types (Eastwood and et.al., 2019). In qualitative research, scholar collects data in non-
numerical form or in words form in order to make decisions and getting important informations.
On the other hand, in quantitative research type, scholar collects numerical data or data in the
form of numbers. Both types has some advantages and some disadvantages so, it is important for
researcher to evaluate both types in a detailed manner for selecting the best one as per the
research topic. For this study researcher uses qualitative research so, he will collect data in non-
numerical form.
Research approaches: Inductive and deductive are 2 approaches of research which is all
about related to theories by which researcher can collect informations which are accurate,
reliable. In inductive approach of research, scholar generates a new theory at his own for
collecting new data. Whereas, in deductive research approach, researcher develop already
established or generated theory so, it can be said that deductive approach is related to existing
theory or hypothesis of that. For this study in order to identify impacts of Brexit ion import and
export of goods from the UK, scholar uses inductive approach and will generate new theory. The
reason of selecting this approach is it is suitable with qualitative research and other main reason
is it increases knowledge and skills of researcher to the great extent.
Research philosophy: Research philosophy is a belief about ways or techniques in which
data or informations about phenomenon should be gathered, used and analyzed. It is also
considered one of the important parts of research methodology because it consists of some
important assumption which helps researcher in determining research strategy as well as
appropriate methods of that selected strategy. It is being also divided into main 2 types such as
interpretivism and positivism. Positivism refers a scientific method of collecting data or it is
believed that informations can be gathered by using scientific method or measurable facts. In this
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type, scholar maintains objective stance. On the other hand, interpretivism is complex type which
is socially constructed via languages (Ryan, 2018). Theories of this type are simpler and can
easily be implemented and in this type, researcher takes human interest into consideration. For
this study, researcher selects interpretivism research philosophy because it is suitable with
inductive approach as well as qualitative research.
Data collection: Data collection is a process of gathering important, accurate and reliable
data which can help researcher in meeting goals of the study. Without having proper and
accurate data, researcher even cannot complete the process of research study. So, for collecting
data researcher has several sources from which he can get either brand new data or second hand
data. On the basis of type of data, data collection is being divided into 2 types such as primary
and secondary (Malone, 2017). In primary data collection, researcher collect all brand new data
by making an effective use of survey, interviews, questionnaires and others. On the other hand,
collecting second hand data which may be used before is known as secondary data collection.
Some sources by which he can gather such second hand data include: internet or social media
platforms, articles, books and journals etc. For this study, researcher has made use of both types
of data collection.
Data analysis: Research methodology is a systematic process as researcher is required to
follow steps or elements of RM is a systematic manner. For example: data analysis cannot be
performed before collecting data so, it can be said that after gathering either primary or
secondary data, researcher is required to analyze all those collected data. The main aim of data
analysis is making all informations relevant, accurate and reliable which can help researcher in
making study successful and accomplishing the main goal in an effective manner. There are 2
types of data analysis such as qualitative and quantitative as like the main research types. For
analyzing qualitative or those data which are being collected in non-numerical form, researcher
uses qualitative data analysis tools. Whereas, for analyzing numerical informations or
quantitative data, scholar use quantitative data analysis tools like statistical and others. For this
study, researcher has used thematic or qualitative data analysis tool.
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Sample: Sample refers a group of people which is being targeted by researcher for
collecting data in research study. The whole process of targeting people is considered as
sampling which is of 2 types. Random and non random are 2 ways of targeting a group of people
in research study. In random type of sampling people are being selected and targeted randomly
as there are no set criteria of selecting people. On the other hand, in non-random sampling
method, researcher select all people or target people on the basis of some elements lie their
experience, race, age, gender (Puy and et.al., 2018). This method is not being selected because it
de-motivates people when not selected people are being rejected on the basis of their age, gender
and other factors. It is being selected only some situations. For this study, researcher selects
random sampling method and will target 30 local people of the UK for this research study.
Ethical consideration: Ethics refers moral principles which a researcher needs to follow while
conducting research study in order to make it successful and having good image on viewers and
all participants of the research study. When researcher conduct study and follow all function in
an effective and ethical manner then he also feels motivated and it allows them to go in the right
track every time. There are several ethics which must be followed by researcher such as
 To perform all activities in an effective and right manner.
 To not force and pressurize anyone to take participants in research study.
 To give equal as well as fair chance or opportunity to all selected people or sample to
share their views.
 To keep all informations of participants safe and secure.
 To not explore important and sensitive informations of the company for which they work.
DATA COLLECTION and ANALYSIS (1100)
1. The main sector which is affected the most by Brexit?
 Clothing sector
 Food and beverages
 Transport or automobile
2. Will it be easy for people of the UK to travel EU after Brexit?
 Yes
 No
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3. According to you what is the main reason of the UK of leaving European Union?
 Immigration
 Lack of employment
4. One of the main problems and conflict between the UK and EU?
 Political and diplomatic damage
 Fall of economy
5. The effect on the UK house hold prices?
 Positive
 Negative
6. Do you think imports good form the EU will be turning out to be more expensive?
 Yes
 No
 May be
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OUTCOMES
Theme: 1 The main sector which is
affected the most by Brexit?
Participants
Clothing sector 9
Food and beverages 14
Automobile sector 7
Interpretation: In this context, it is stated that there are several sectors of the UK which got
affected after Brexit. In this context, out of 30 people, 14 people stated that food sector is one of
the main sectors which is affected the most after Brexit, In this context, they also stated that
around 28-30% of food they imported from the EU. But after Brexit, they are finding difficulties
in having fresh vegetables and fruits and they are becoming scaring as well as expensive. On the
other hand, 9 people said that clothing sector is one of the main sectors which is being affected
the most because of Brexit (Felbermayr and et.al., 2017). The reason is UK was considered the
3rd largest garment export destination for Bangladesh but after Brexit it is finding difficulties in
exporting and importing which is affecting its economy directly. Whereas, 7 people said that
automobile sector is also affected after Brexit because transport equipment were imported and
exported the most.
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Theme: 2 Will it be easy for people of the UK
to travel EU after Brexit?
Participants
Yes 9
No 21
Interpretation: From the above graph it can be said that Brexit has several effects on the UK as
it does not only affected trade and important, export activities but also affecting in other ways. In
this regards it is being asked from people of the UK that if they think that after Brexit, they will
find it easy to travel in EU countries as they used to do before. In this context, majority of people
or 21 people of the UK said that they think that after Brexit, it will be difficult for them to travel
in EU countries. One of the main reasons they stated is: they will be forced to make sure that
their passport is valid for at least 6 month, it is also important for them to complete all paper
works in a right and effective manner. But before that, people of the UK who have renewed their
passport before expiry date, get 9 months of validity but now government is warning that they
will have to complete 6 months of validity. On the other hand, 9 people said that it would not be
difficult for them to travel in EU countries after Brexit if they complete all paper works in an
effective manner.
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Theme: 3 what is the main reason of the UK
of leaving European Union
Participants
Immigration 25
Lack of employment 5
Interpretation: As per the above data, it have been stated that’s immigration in the one of the
major reason to leave the Europe under the Brexit agreements. As per the civil war between the
Iraq and Syria, the EU have the major decision to make the division of refuges across all the state
members and the Britain have the clear statement which have fallen to be against it. As there
were the major issue as to be the part is that’s of internal level of mobility in which anyone’s
have the right to be move from the one pat to another parts of EU. In the last one year there was
a lot of movement from Central and Eastern Europe, Poland and Hungary. More recently,
mobility was opened up for Bulgaria and Romania. On the other hand, the participants have
stated that’s there naysayers have the especially level of hightailing the emotional perception of
the that’s is you b out of this as soon as possible in perfect manner.
Theme: 4 The main problem and Participants
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conflict between the UK and EU?
Political and diplomatic change 23
Fall of economy 7
Interpretation:
As per the view of the responder, the political and diplomatic change in the economy of the UK
and EU have become the major reason in order to have the tasking decision to get separated as
Britain have exit form EU known as Brexit. Brexit is the withdrawal of the UK from the
European Union. It has been stated as there the Britain and EU have the special level of relation
which is been considered as on/off. There has been the involvement of process of voting in
which UK has withdrawal from trading or performing process of important and export in other
EU countries. So, in the context of Brexit it can be said that it has affected the UK’s economy its
some sectors, their performance, health care services and others sector the most in a negative
manner. The Britain level have the thinking the process which is losing the power of the country
as everything is needed to be brussels by getting out the EU have there more level of
independent by trading the more deals by having the decisions on their laws basically wanting
the sovereignty back.
theme- 5 The effect on the UK house participants
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hold prices
Positive 12
Negative 18
Interpretation:
From the above data, it can be interpreted as the which have the commenters have the industry in
more level which is created the Brexit process which is causing the buyer and sellers with the
sitting tight by causing the slowdown in the housing market. As the UK have the process which
are rose at the slower rates which is meant to have the key aspects by the housing markets which
is pretty much flattening which is could be more as the significant. This have the might to be the
bad news for the first-time buyers in order to get in the foot on the level of property ladder. In
addition to this have impacted the as there potential level of impact on the living standard of the
lower income households which a the inappropriately have the distribution of incomes have
resulted to the poverty in there small most scenarios.
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Theme 6- imports good form the EU will
be turning out to be more expensive
participants
Yes 17
No 9
May be 4
Interpretation
From the above data, it can be interpreted as for the Britain there is more turning put to be
expensive As the result this have impacted the small business as the EU have significant level of
import demand reagreeing the export of UK which is fairly in inelastic especially for the product
which have the facing the higher level of tariff. In addition to that’s OTRI have the summaries
the more level trade policy stance as importing country by taking in account with size and
responsiveness which is measured using the level tariff and non-tariff measures. Hence the result
has their stated that’s UK have failed to have securing the new trade dealing with EU. In addition
to the Brexits have the consequences which have the strengthened the anti-migrations parties in
the state of Europe by gaining the enough level of ground the France and Germany as they could
have forcing the anti-EU vote.
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RECOMMENDATIONS
On the basis of above study, some areas are being identified whose improvement can
allow researcher to accomplish goals and UK can also make itself beneficial to some extent after
Brexit, It is stated that Brexit has affected many of its sector to the great extent in a negative
manner such as food, clothing and others. But in this context, it can be said that now UK can
focus on production and manufacturing process in the UK rather importing products at higher
prices. If it manufactures all products which it used to imported from other countries it can be
cost effective and improve economy. Importing of products from outside like food and others
products can increase cost which can affect its economy. So, it can take advantage of Brexit by
making itself powerful and increasing strengths.
In addition, it can be said that by negotiation and improving relation with EU it can
regain all its position and image. When EU parliament passes a resolution for the negotiation of
an agreement for continued cooperation which can make beneficial to EU, it can also make
negotiation process easier. It can also be said that by leaving EU it can regain control over
migration. In this context, it can also be said that the UK was one of the few members’ state
which needs to maintain its border if it wants to stop immigrating of its people and Brexit is one
of the main key of taking advantage of it. It is state that in the year of 2017, immigration of
people from other EU countries to the UK was around 172,000 which was affecting several
problems like people of the UK find difficulties in communicating with each others. So, it can be
said that after Brexit having full control over immigration it can solve problems of people of the
UK which is language problem as parents face problem in interacting with teachers and others
because of people from EU countries.
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CONCLUSION (300)
From the above study, it has been summarized that in the context of Brexit it can be said
that it has affected the UK’s economy its some sectors, their performance, health care services
and others sectors the most in a negative manner. It also allows free movement of people to
work, to live wherever they want to do. But after the Brexit, UK has to leave EU which affected
its trade processes including import and export of goods to the great extent.There may be
changes in the trade policy of UK-EU as the UK border which have the inclusion of the
customer, tariff, VAT, safety and security, documentations which have the vehicle standard and
controlled the products. The effects as there potential level of impact on the living standard of
the lower income households which a the inappropriately have the distribution of incomes have
resulted to the poverty in there small most scenarios. They will be forced to make sure that their
passport is valid for at least 6 months, it is also important for them to complete all paper works in
a right and effective manner. When EU parliament passes a resolution for the negotiation of an
agreement for continued cooperation which can make beneficial to EU, it can also make
negotiation process easier. It can also be said that by leaving EU it can regain control over
migration. On the other hand, the participants have stated that’s their naysayers have the
especially level of hightailing the emotional perception of the that’s is you b out of this as soon
as possible in perfect manner. There has been the involvement of process of voting in which UK
has withdrawal from trading or performing process of important and export in other EU
countries. So, in the context of Brexit it can be said that it has affected the UK’s economy its
some sectors, their performance, health care services and others sector the most in a negative
manner.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
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perspectives. 31(4). pp.163-84.
Dhingra, S., Machin, S. and Overman, H., 2017. Local economic effects of Brexit. National
Institute Economic Review. 242(1). pp.R24-R36.
Felbermayr, G. and et.al., 2017. Economic effects of brexit on the European economy (No. 4).
ifo Institute-Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich.
Eastwood, J. and et.al., 2019. Evaluating the implementation, mechanisms of effect and context
of an integrated care intervention for vulnerable families in Central Sydney Australia: A
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Ryan, G., 2018. Introduction to positivism, interpretivism and critical theory. Nurse
researcher. 25(4). pp.41-49.
Malone, D.J., 2017. Incorporating Behavioral Principles in Primary Data Collection and Analysis
with Application to Beer Demand (Doctoral dissertation).
Puy, G. and et.al., 2018. Random sampling of bandlimited signals on graphs. Applied and
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Dhingra, S and et.al., 2016. The impact of Brexit on foreign investment in the UK. BREXIT
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McGrattan, E.R. and Waddle, A., 2020. The impact of Brexit on foreign investment and
production. American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, 12(1), pp.76-103.
Lawless, M. and Morgenroth, E.L., 2019. The product and sector level impact of a hard Brexit
across the EU. Contemporary social science, 14(2), pp.189-207.
Busch, B. and Matthes, J., 2016. Brexit-the economic impact: A meta-analysis (No. 10/2016).
IW-Report.
Steinberg, J.B., 2019. Brexit and the macroeconomic impact of trade policy uncertainty. Journal
of International Economics, 117, pp.175-195.
Sulimierska, M. and Miele, A.A.A., 2017. An investigation how quantitative easing programme,
Vickers’ ring-fencing regulation and the ‘Brexit’announcement impact on UK banking
sector. International Journal of Empirical Finance, 5(3). pp.155-166.
Oehler, A., Horn, M. and Wendt, S., 2017. Brexit: Short-term stock price effects and the impact
of firm-level internationalization. Finance Research Letters, 22, pp.175-181.
Ziv, G and et.al., 2018. The potential impact of Brexit on the energy, water and food nexus in the
UK: A fuzzy cognitive mapping approach. Applied energy, 210. pp.487-498
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