Impact of Macro Environment on Business Strategies of Walmart

This report analyzes the impact of macro environment on the business strategies of Walmart, including political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal factors. It also discusses the use of PESTEL analysis and SWOT analysis to evaluate the external environment and internal capabilities of the organization.

Business Strategy

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
LO1..................................................................................................................................................3
Analysis the impact of macro environment on the organisation...........................................3
LO 2.................................................................................................................................................6
Critically analysed the internal environment of an organisation............................................6
LO 3...............................................................................................................................................10
Porter's Five Forces Model to analyse the competitive force of market for organisation....10
LO 4...............................................................................................................................................13
Interpret & devise strategic planning through different theories..........................................13
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................17
REFERENCE ................................................................................................................................18
INTRODUCTION

Development of plans and business strategies are important to achieve the goals of the
organisation in the sequenced way. Businesses strategies is can be permanent and temporary,
because it involves the objective and goals of the business which is paramagnet type of strategy
but the further strategies which made for the management and achievement of the goals, such as
functional, structural, production, financial strategies are temporary(Lee, H.S. and Lee, S.H.,
2016). Because its management depends on the macro and micro environmental factors which
impact the business strategies. So businesses strategies should mange according to the internal
and external environmental factors of organisation in order to get effective results. Walmart is
the British second largest supermarket, it is the biggest retailer chain of the UK. They provide the
best services to their customers. In this report we are going to analyse the internal and external
environmental factors which effects the business strategies of walmart, and how they manage it.
LO1
Analysis the impact of macro environment on the organisation.
Macro environment involves the external factors which impact the business strategies at
every level of management, because they are the essential part of the business strategy. Such
factors are society, economical elements, environment, legal aspects, technological growth,
political aspects and so on (Mishra, Dimri and Chaubey 2017). It impact the business strategies
of every type of the organisation. Walmart is best retailer supermarket provide the goods and
services to their customer by the helps their numbers of employees. It is world papular for its
revenue and for the employment they provide to the numbers of workers. The HR management
system of walmart is very influencing. Their mission slogan is save money live better, which
mean they want to provide the lowest price services so that customer can save their money and
live better. Their vision is to be the worlds best organization and provide the best services no
matters they want to shop or not, just serve them good. Objective of Walmart is to mange their
reputation constantly and don't let it down (alladan, Abdulkadir, and Chong, 2016). The frame
work which use for the analysis of macro factors are PESTEL analysis, SWOT analysis, Ansoff's
growth matrix.
PESTLE analysis
It is the strategical frame work use to analyse the changes of external factors along with
study of its impact on business, plan, strategies and growth. Mangers and marketers of

organisations use this tool to make their business plan, to solve the organisation problems and to
improve the business strategics (Das, and Yadav, 2020). Result of this study is use to do SWOT
analysis of organization. It name is comprise of starting alphabets of macro factors, that is
political, economical, social, technological, legal and environmental factors. The brief analysis of
walmart macro factors is given below.
Political elements: This include the political laws, rules and agenda which effects the
organisation strategies. So in this frame work it involves the analysis of all political opportunities
and threats. For walmart it consider as opportunities, because they grebe the government policies
(Aleksić, A. and Rašić Jelavić, S., 2017). They are very stable in terms of politic factors, but
some political agenda is can be a threaten, such as political demand for higher wages.
Economical elements: This includes the factors such as employment, population of
target area, financial stability, Walmart is almost depends on economical factor stability.
Because it cane effects the organisation revenues. Right now it is beneficial of walmart due to
the continuous growth of the country, along with the increasing employment in the United States.

Developing economical factors increasing the demand of products and services of retail market,
so it is beneficial for walmart.
Social elements: Social factor is can be related to the cultural values of people,ethical
and Morden changes in the society, ethical and Morden needs of consumers, for walmart it work
as the opportunities. Due to the developing healthy lifestyle trends, cultural evaluation trends,
and the Morden requirements of customer for innovation and attractive products. So walmart
should increases the variety of health care product. Walmart should use the information of
customer demand for production strategy's in order to increase the organisation profit.
Technological elements: In the developing world technology is the first thing, which is
constantly developing with the innovative ideas. The is the factor which can be beneficial as well
as threaten. If organisation go with the developing technology's and implement new techniques
for their business then it should be beneficial (Pan, ChenL. and Zhan, 2019.). If organisation not
been updated with this, then it will lead as a competition from the side of other organisation who
run with this. Such technology's are automation techniques, management software, mobile and
internet services. Walmart uses all this techniques for increasing their profit through online
marketing and selling.
Environmental factor: This include the factors related to the environment and
atmosphere, Now a days environment safety trends are developing, so every one and every
organisation have to run according to this. Such trends are plastic reduction, pollution inhibition
and so on. Some other environmental factors are availability of seasonal products. So this factor
can work as opportunity if organisation run according to it. Walmart can make their brand more
effective by providing environment friendly products. Walmart plan for their product on the
basis of seasonal availability of row material for food products.
Legal elements: This involves the legal factors like, organisation establishment laws,
insurance, safety standard certificates, registration rules, tax rules, and so on. For retail company
the legal factors which can effect the business strategies are food safety standards, tax law,
employment laws and so on. For every company tax law is work as threat, because higher tax
rate decreases the profit of organisation. But regular management of tax help to make the good
image of brand (Gilinsky Jr, Mallon, and Santana, 2019). Walmart pay all tax at time and they
follow the food safety regulation as opportunity to increase the product quality along with the

number of customers. Walmart uses the employment registration laws for constructing the
effective human resources.
SWOT analysis
This is the analytical tool or frame work aid to analyse the personal and organisation
strength, weaknesses, opportunities and treat. Company use this tool to find out all these factors
in order to make an successful business plan.
Strength Weaknesses
Walmart large segmented branches are their
strongest strength (Komninos, 2016) . Its
global supply chain help to increase the
profitability.
Another strength of walmart is its low price
strategy which aid to retain the customers.
In other term their lower price business
strategy, posses some weaknesses. Such as lass
profit margins, and their business plan is easy
to copy.
Opportunities Threat
Expansion of businesses throughout the world.
Recruitment of more specialised employees.
Increasing the product brand and variety by
collaborating with other production industry.
Along with the management of product quality
standard.
The developing online competitors, entry of
copied business. Environment and health safe
product tread needs the huge change in the
businesses and product processing.
For the effective management of organisation and planing of success goal SWOT
analysis have to be done and for that evaluation of strength weakness, threat and opportunities
organisation needs to first analyse external environment factors effect on organisation through
PESTEL analysis.
LO 2
Critically analysed the internal environment of an organisation.
Their is important process which plays very important role in organisation internal
environment management (Mrshikj and Vadnjal, 2016) . That is strategic capabilities which

involves the utilization of complete organisation resource along with the competitive advantage
in order to compete effectively. Walmart make appropriate use of this process to get success in
competitive market.
Their are the multiple kinds of internal environment management and analysis models are
present, brief explanation of all theorise and models are given below.
Resource based view strategy: this is the strategy use to analyses the competitive
advantages of organisation in order to develop good will of organisation in market. It involves
analysis of competitive advantages on the basis of resources effectively.
Mckinsey's 7S model
This model is given by Mckinsey which aid to analyse the internal environment of
company. According to him we can divide the internal function of company into 7 main factors
in order to mange them with appropriate operational techniques and management system
(Kuntonbutr and Kulken, 2017) . He divide all these 7 factors into 2 groups such as hard factor
and soft factors.
Hard elements
Strategy: This involves the internal strategy's of company, which develop to make the
brand value and to increase the customer trust. Walmart uses the lower price business strategy
according to their mission slogan, which increases their brand value. However some time this
strategy can causes the lower wages issues, along with the controversies of bad quality product.
Structure: Walmart have improved their organisation structure in comparison to the past
time, now they provide the best consumers services along with the front line workers facility’s.
System: Walmart use several internal management system such as, recruitment system,
IT management system, finance management system and so on.
Soft elements
Skills: This factor involves the organisation employees skills and speciality to mange the
customer services. Walmart is always trying to improve their staff skills, by providing the
guidelines.
Style: Is the way of performing various activities of company, such as method of
customer-service and rules, regulations of company for processing the work appropriate manner.
Walmart is uses the very effective management style to run their business and in every point
their target is to provide all necessary product to their consumers.

Staff: This involves the organisation human resources along with other valuable assets,
which manage in effective way in order to accomplish the goals (Buzatu, 2020) . Walmart is one
of the best company who uses the huge staff for their customer services.
7S tool should be use by every organisation to analyse their internal management and to
design operational and functional system.
VRIO framework
This is one of the best internal environment analysis tool, it aid to analyses the
importance of each I internal resources of company and involves the differentiation of their value
for organisation. It define that how these resources should be use by the organisation in order to
get good results. This frame work aid to find out the competitive advantages and decide that how
to use it. This tool was developed by Jay B. barney his target was to make the techniques through
which organisation can evaluate their internal resources, in an appropriate manner, such
resources are can be human resources, material resources, non material resources (market
information).
Value: This is the part of frame work which involve the analyses of resources value, that
means it include the identification of resources that which one of the resources is more
beneficial of organisation growth and functions. For Walmart it is important to take care of their
product stock by constant checking of product durability. So that expired product get changed at
time without any delay. In order to maintain customer health and loyalty.
Rarity: This part of the tool involves the analyses of resources rarity and its
management, that mean analysis of internal competitive advantages, that can be any effective
resources which wouldn't posses by competitors. So how we can save it as this can be, helpful as
competitive edge and rare in the nature.
limitability: This involves the analysis of resource availability, that mean identifying the
identifying the durability, cost and presence of essential resources (Sahani,, 2020) . So that
organisation make the right use of resources without wasting it.
Organisation: This involves the analysis of organisation management system, that what
procedure is following and which one is effective, what are the rules and regulation should be
follow in the organisation in order to get success the business.
Benchmarking: This is a techniques which is very essential to maintain the organisation work
flow. It involves the development and setting of work and rules standard for the workers of

company. This is very impotent for the business growth with right functioning methods and
lows. It helps to successfully stablish the business.
Value chain matrix:
This is a specific kind of analytical tool use to analyse internal activities of organization.
Its aim is to identify and to scree affectivity of activities, that which one is valuable, which needs
to be improve and which one is useless. This is a process through which company analyse their
crucial and supportive activities, which add value to its finale step. This is basically helps to
reduce the price and to increase the differentiation.
Supporting activities:
This part involve the supportive activities of organisation, which are require for well
established management of organisation, this activities involves the gathering of all the essential
resources for primary activities of business (Turban, Pollard and Wood, 2018) ). So this frame
work help to differentiate those supportive activities, then it involves the analysis of affectivity
of each activity for organisation. e.g. of such activities are, Firm infrastructure this involve the
construction of organisation infrastructure, then the legal agreement for business. So in that term
company legal term should be clear in order to maintain value of the brand. Human resources
management, this is the second most important activities which involve recruitment of staff for
primary support. Technology development, this is about implementing updated technical assets
for business. Procurement, this is the very important for further activities, this involve gathering
of suppliers and raw material for business.
Primary activities:
This involve the main part of business, which involve. Inbound logistic , Operations
activity is canter point of the business, who's responsibility is to produces, develop and manga
target product and services which we are going to serve our customer. Outbound logistics this is
the second most important type of primary activities, which involves the serving of the product
and services to the customer with respectful and effective manner (Minto-Coy, 2019..
Marketing and sell after the production of product, it need to be analyse by every customer so
that they can come to by it and this can be done by marketing. Services this is the base of project
and business, that what kind of product and services we are going to provide our customer and it
is effective or not.

All this activities are mange in t he Walmart organisation at very effective manner, and that's
why they are at higher position.
Cost-Benefit analysis:
This is the very effective approach use to evaluate the strength and weaknesses of
alternative resources. So that in the in the shortage of primary resources, an appropriate
alternative resource can be use at that point. It involve the evaluation of alternative resources
with their cost effectively and durability. So that during the requirement of extra resources this
can be use in order to mage the task.
LO 3
Porter's Five Forces Model to analyse the competitive force of market for organisation
Porter's five force model: This is the framework or tool is deign for evaluating the
market competition, to analyses the competitive environment. This involves the analysis of five
force of market, and Porters five model of Walmart is given below.
Industry rivalries: This part of the framework is use to analyses the current competitor
of company, that what is the competition and how to compete in reverts of it. Walmark use this
framework to analyses their competitor and to plan the revert strategy's for that competition.
Walmart is at second position for their retail business, but there are the multiple retail which are
increasing day by day (Atasever and Kilinc, 2017). So this can be biggest external competitive
force of the market for Walmart and so for that they have to make changes in their business
strategy's in order to compete which competitors and to maintain the value at market. In context
of Walmart, this company is related with retailer sector and that posses a huge competition from
rivalries. But this company maintained their position within similar sector and that give them
strength to compete with the competitors.
Threat of new entrants: This part of the frame for involves the analysis of new of smiler
business copied entry's and how they can effect the present business. Walmart is facing the threat
of new entrant because it is very easy to copy the retail business by just investing some money.
So this is important to diversify the business in to different market. With relevance to this the
threat of new entrant it with retailing sector is low as it is not possible to replace a large company
by new entrant.

Bargaining power of suppliers: This part involves analysing the suppliers bargaining
power, that it is adjustable or not. For retailer industry bargaining power of suppliers are higher,
because company they need row material and some manufactured product from other
manufacturing industry in order to provide the variety of products to their consumers. So this is
crucial to make the good relationship with the supplier in order to get raw materials and
wholesale product at lower price. So that organisation can mange their profit and product price.
Walmart is using lower price product strategy and they have wild their strong relationship with
their suppliers from log time. Retailing sector is very big so that the barging power of supplier is
moderate as companies need to maintain good relationship with the suppliers in order to buy raw
materiler from tem if they will not give them then it is not possible for them to offer products at
low cost which is their main strategy.
Bargaining power of buyers: This part of the tool involves the analysis of customers
bargaining power, in order to use the appropriate pricing techniques. In the case of Walmart they
provide the priority to their customer bargaining power and so that's by they are using lower
price strategy. Bargaining power of buyers is high as number of companies are there in relating
sector so consumers have options to switch their brand.
Threats of substitute: This part of the frame work involve the analysis of upcoming and
present substitute of same service with different methods (Rufini, 2018) . For e.g. if any one
wants to take pick-up and drop service, then the presence of multiple method's for that service is
called as substitute such as bike, car, taxi this all are the substitute for each other and in the
retailer businesses malls, online services, small shops, are substitute for each other. Threat of
substitution to walmart is low as they maintained their position in the market and which will not
be affects due to some loyal consumer base.
Balance-score-card
This is the most effective and helpful matrix tool aid to analyses the internal operation,
functions of company along with the calculation of external outcomes of the organisation. This
aid to evaluate and to find out the organisation profit, loss, quality, and what are the drawbacks
of company management system. So by collecting all these kinds formation company can modify
their organisation plan in order to improve and mange al these factors. Matrix involves the four
steps of analysis explain below.

Finance: This part of the matrix involves the analysis of present market-shears of the
company, and what technique of the company is working for it, and analysis of new measures
which we can take for further improvement if we need (Sparkman, 2018) . Walmart is the best
share holder of the retailer market because of their lower price strategy, which help them to get
more numbers of customer, and to segment their business due to the higher demand of lower
price product, and finally result as the achievement of higher market shears.
Education and innovation: This part of the matrix involves the identification of
organisation operational needs for new techniques. And then analysis of new developing helpful
techniques which can be implement in the place of older techniques and methods. This can be a
new management guidelines for staff, new machineries, gadgets, customer support method's, and
so on. Walmart is using the best customer management strategy, but they have to focus more on
the online services in order to compete with other online retail service provider.

Internal process: This part of the matrix involve the analysis of affectivity of present
business process and strategy's. Along with the selection of appropriate process for the
organisation goodwill. Walmart internal process gives the priority to the variety of product,
customer servicing, product price, staff management. They provide the good quality product to
their customer at minimum price, along with the best serving techniques. And for improvement
they have to target the Morden trends for customer demand.
Customer prospective: This part of the matrix involve that how the customer perceive
the company and its product, that what is the value of organisation in the customer prospective.
Walmart Is having higher brand value at market, at customer mind, consumer prefer it because
they trust that, company is providing the best product at reasonable price. Walmart can analyses
their customer reviews through social media and through the rate of sell, that what is the value of
company and their product at customer prospective.
LO 4
Interpret & devise strategic planning through different theories
Objective of plan: Every company have objective in order to operates function smoothly
and for this they need to make strategies and plan so that they will effectively able to meet
predefined goal. Strategy can be defined as a set of action that are needed to accomplish various
targets and effective use of resources available in company. This bring company closer to
accomplish their predefined targets. The basic direction that help company's to attain targets
within stipulated time frame.
Primary objective of company is “To provide safe, good, affordable food product along
with other products to consumers across the world”
Mission: Main mission of Walmart is to helping peoples and improving their living
standards by providing quality products within retail store through e-commerce.
Vision: To become destination for people in order to save money as well as to become
the best retailer in heart and mind of consumer along with employees.
Strategies: Walmart will use cost effective strategies in order to offer affordable product
to consumers.
Tactics: walmart will launch new creative and innovative product in order to influence
more consumers by offering product at reasonable cost.

Competitive strategies
Porter's generic strategy
Porter's generic strategy
(Source: Porter's Model of Generic Strategies for Competitive Advantage, 2018 )
This theory was given by Michael Porter, which aid to evaluate the right plan and
strategy's for achievement of organisation goals . This theory assist the organisation to perform
and maintain their functions, operations in right way, by considering the present situation and
requirement of market. This model is divided into four part in order to facilitate the analysis,
discuss below in context to Walmart.
Cost leadership: This part of the model is about to focusing on the enhancement of
organization profit by decreasing the price of product (Tshwete, 2020) . This strategy's also get
in use when company wants to take themselves away from the competitor by the use edge

strategy. It also involves increasing the market share by charging the minimum price, along with
the constant earning of profit. Walmart is world popular for their cost leadership strategy's ,
because its key strategy or plan of the company to maintain their growth and provide the good
quality product at relevant price. They have higher market share comparison to other retailer
company.
Differentiation strategy: This is the second most important part of model, which
involves the differentiation of organisation product from others by focusing on quality, features,
variety, durability of goods. And this can be done by research and development strategy's,
effective, sells and marketing. Walmart is investing higher amount of money in research and
development, in order to analyses their customer needs, demand, new innovation in the product
field. So that they can use those information for providing the variety of product to their
customers with good quality at lower price, and this makes Walmart different from other retail
company.
Cost focus strategy: Above discussion is about selecting the strategy's in company
point of , but this part involves the selection of strategy one the bases of customer by just
focusing on customer demand, and on the basis of niche market. So by providing the customer
centric services, it aid to create brand loyalty and brand value at market and the customer
prospect. Walmart is vary focus about their customer and grab their customer loyalty.
Differentiation Focus strategy: This part of the model involve development of unique
product and services. According to market and customer behaviour and demand. It requires the
marketing research (Turlings, , 2019) . Walmart making themselves unique from other by
focusing on market and customer to providing the unique services.
Focus strategy
It is a well organized frame work or tool use for the analysis of market and organisation
essential factors (Martínez, Galván, and Alam, 2017). To developing the new strategies for
growth, along with the identification of present growth of company.
Market penetration: This part of the matrix involves the use of current product to
penetrate the target market. To get the higher shares in the existing market by using the
penetration techniques such as low prise, discount offers, variety and so on. Walmart uses the
low price strategy's in order to penetrate the market by providing the good quality product at
normal price. They increase their market share by the use of use of low price strategy's.

(Source: Strategic Management Of Walmart 2018)
Product development: this step involves the extension of current product into multiple
variety at the existing market (Gómez, P. and et. al 2018). Walmat expand the large amount of
money for research and development in order to develop the multiple veracity's of product along
with the best services and techniques. They provide the best product line at present market in
order to get higher profit and customer loyalty.
Market development: This part of the matrix involves the targeting of new market for
present product (Burke, 2017). By targeting the new market company can increases the scope.
Walmart target new market to increase scope for their business, they focus to target the new

market on the basis of demographic factor. They target the new country for their product and
services and almost they did it.
Diversification: This part of the matrix involves the development of new product line, by
targeting the new market place. Walmart diversified their business by collaborating with
different product line industries. Walmart purchased Vudu inc. for diversifying their business,
because Vudu inc. (video streaming business) is completely different from retailer businesses.
From above discussed strategies it can be said that product developed would be the viable
strategy for gaining competitive advantage as well as to influence more consumers towards their
services. They can launched product which based on cost effective strategy so that more people
will influence and purchase that.
CONCLUSION
From the above discussion it has been concluded that selection and management of
appropriate strategy is vary crucial to sustaining in the present competitive market, as well-as for
achievement of goals. Strategy are the part of business plan and for right business plan analysis
of macro and micro-environment factors is essential, because they play important role in it. For
analysis and management of these factor their some theorise and framework provided by
respected philosophers and researchers. Such as PESTTEL analysis, SWOT analysis , Ansoff's
growth vector matrix , porters five force model and so on. For strategical planing there are some
effective models such as Porter's generic strategy. All these models and theories are very
essential for organisation stability and growth. Walmart is using some of theses management
theory's for maintaining their organisation value and growth and one of the most appropriately
implemented strategy is cost leadership.

REFERENCE
Books & Journal
Lee, H.S. and Lee, S.H., 2016. Impact on Internalization of Management Strategy in Public
Organization. Journal of digital Convergence, 14(5), pp.1-10.
Mishra, N., Dimri, R.P. and Chaubey, D.S., 2017. Employer employee relationship and impact
on organization strategy. Splint International Journal of Professionals, 4(2), p.56.
Gómez, P. and et. al 2018. Hydrogen-bonded azaphenacene: a strategy for the organization of π-
conjugated materials. Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 6(15), pp.3968-3975.
Palladan, A.A., Abdulkadir, K.B. and Chong, Y.W., 2016. The effect of strategic leadership,
organization innovativeness, information technology capability on effective strategy
implementation: A study of tertiary institutions in Nigeria. Journal of Business and
Management, 18(9), pp.109-115.
Das, D. and Yadav, C., 2020. A framework of hiring strategy for manpower hiring in a hyper-
local food delivery organization. Journal of Advances in Management Research.
Aleksić, A. and Rašić Jelavić, S., 2017. Testing for strategy-structure fit and its importance for
performance. Management: journal of contemporary management issues, 22(1), pp.85-102.
Pan, W., Chen, L. and Zhan, W., 2019. PESTEL analysis of construction productivity
enhancement strategies: A case study of three economies. Journal of Management in
Engineering, 35(1), p.05018013.
Gilinsky Jr, A., Mallon, J. and Santana, A., 2019. Pacific Market: invest, sell, or stay the
same?. The CASE Journal.
Martínez, A.B., Galván, R.S. and Alam, S., 2017. Financial Analysis of Retail Business
Organization: A Case of Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. Nile Journal of Business and
Economics, 3(5), pp.67-89.

Burke, J., 2017. Building Your Early Years Business: Planning and Strategies for Growth and
Success. Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
Komninos, N., 2016. Smart environments and smart growth: connecting innovation strategies
and digital growth strategies. International Journal of Knowledge-Based
Development, 7(3), pp.240-263.
Mrshikj, J. and Vadnjal, J., 2016. Strategies for growth of a family business operating in the
Macedonian wine industry. Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies.
Kuntonbutr, C. and Kulken, M., 2017. The effect of business intelligence on business unit
strategies, international operations and business growth. Journal of Economic &
Management Perspectives, 11(3), pp.1800-1807.
Buzatu, A.I., 2020. International Growth Strategies for Digital Entrepreneurial Companies in
Developing Countries from EU Region. Junior Scientific Researcher, 6(1), pp.2-14.
Sahani, D., 2020. Business strategies during recession: retail sector. International Journal of
Public Sector Performance Management, 6(2), pp.260-266.
Turban, E., Pollard, C. and Wood, G., 2018. Information Technology for Management: On-
demand Strategies for Performance, Growth and Sustainability. John Wiley & Sons.
Turlings, D.L.C.M., 2019. Growth strategies for scaling up throughout the business
lifecycle (Bachelor's thesis, University of Twente).
Tshwete, L.M., 2020. Strategies for the Growth and Survival of Small-and Medium-Sized
Businesses.
Sparkman, R., 2018. Strategic Workforce Planning: Developing Optimized Talent Strategies for
Future Growth. Kogan Page Publishers.
Rufini, F., 2018. Going exponential: growth strategies for business leveraging the exponential
organization model.
Atasever, M. and Kilinc, H.Y., 2017. Importance of Basic Strategies in Business Management:
Case of the Agricultural and Rural Development Support Institution (ARDSI). Journal of
Multidisciplinary Developments, 2(1), pp.69-78.
Minto-Coy, I.D., 2019. From the periphery to the centre: start-up and growth strategies for
minority diaspora entrepreneurs. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small
Business, 36(1-2), pp.189-215.

online
Porter's Model of Generic Strategies for Competitive Advantage, 2018, [online], available
through <https://www.tutor2u.net/business/reference/porters-generic-strategies-for-
competitive-advantage>
Strategic Management Of Walmart 2018,{online}, available
through<http://www.aensiweb.net/AENSIWEB/rjss/rjss/2018/January/32-36(6).pdf>