Campaign for Nuclear disarmament Assignment PDF

Running head: CAMPAIGN FOR NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT
CAMPAIGN FOR NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT
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1CAMPAIGN FOR NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT
Executive summary
This report aims to discuss the entire functions of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament
which is an international movement. This particular campaign has lots of branches in many
countries especially in the United Kingdom and the USA. This campaign mainly aims to
restore and maintain peace in the global context. Despite the fact that it had originated in
Britain in the 1957, it has now spread in the other countries and yet not lose its relevancy.
This particular campaign is responsible to maintain world peace in many was as this directly
oppose the governmental policies of using nuclear power to maintain their status. It has more
than three million supporters who provide great support to this campaign and create pressure
ion the governments and military strategies so that no war breaks out in the current world.
This report has discussed the issues which this campaign addresses, the power holder and
strategy maps and success of this campaign.

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Background to the issues:
Problems that the campaign aims to address:
Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament is an international origination which advocates
the United Kingdom’s unilateral nuclear disarmament, international nuclear disarmament and
promotes a tighter international arm regulation though various types of agreements for
example Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. The main aims of this particular campaign is to
oppose the use of chemical, biological and chemical weapons and the building of nuclear
power plants in the UK (Wittner 2015). It opposes the legality of Trident, supports to keep
the world nuclear weapons free and work directly against the actions of depleting Uranium
and other nuclear objects used in the nuclear weapons. The organization has acted as the most
powerful political leaders of the world such as Tony Blair, Theresa May and a number of
American presidents. This particular organization does not support any kind of terrorism and
attacks to the less powerful countries by the powerful ones (Trump 2018). Campaign for
Nuclear Disarmament opposes counterterrorism and cyber-security, as well as
the proliferation of nuclear, chemical and biological weapons around the world. Since 1958,
this organization has been periodically at the forefront of the world peace movement.
Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament claims to be the largest single issue peace campaign in
Europe.
Campaign goals:
Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament’s current strategic aims are-
 This campaign aims to eliminate of British nuclear weapons initially but gradually it
has aimed to the global abolition of the nuclear weapons (Yamaga et al 2015). This
organizing campaigns to cancel the Trident by the government of the UK and act
directly against the deployment of nuclear weapon in the country.

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 Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament aims to abolish any kind of weapons which
efforts to mass destruction among which the organization mainly oppose the
biological and the chemical weapons. The campaign wants to eliminate this type of
threat from its roots. Therefore, it opposes to ban the weapon manufacture as well as
the testing of these weapons (Burke 2016). In addition to this, this particular
campaign aims to oppose the usage of depleted uranium weapons.
 The campaigns of this organization, aims to create a nuclear free, secured and less
militarized Europe. This supports the (OSCE) Organization for Security and Co-
Operation in Europe.
 The organization opposes the US military bases as well as nuclear weapons in British
and American membership of NATO.
 This particular campaign aims to close the nuclear power industry over all from the
developing as well as developed nations (Mousavian and Mousavian 2017).
 In recent years, this organization has extended its actions to oppose the military
policies of the USA and Britain in the Middle East and propended the anti-nuclear
campaigns in the late 1960s which included the Vietnam war. It collaborated with the
Muslim Association of Britain and the Stop the War Coalition to stop the attack in
Iraq.
Credibility:
This particular organization had its national membership in 1967 and have a huge
number of supporters also. Despite the fact that There are organizations which oppose the
functionality and ideas of CND in eliminating the nuclear power plants and other decisions to
prevent the government from functioning freely, could not affect its membership and well as
supports. However, in the year 2006 CND had launched a campaign against using nuclear
power. The organization’s membership, which had fallen to 32,000 from a peak of 110,000 in

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1983, increased threefold as the UK Prime Minister Tony Blair made a commitment to
nuclear energy (Cnduk.org 2018).
Policy environment:
Power holder map:
General
Public
The victims of
nuclear war
Trade
unions Media
Political
Political
Social
scientists and military
organizations
psychological
Activist
s Civil society
groups

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For each and every social change movement in the human history, need to have huge
support from the stakeholders otherwise this campaign cannot have a successful ending.
From the winning of concrete improvements in the lives of the propel to toppling the
dictators, empowering the supporters is the chief objective of the campaigns (Becker 2017).
As this organization campaigns for nuclear disarmament, it has a huge area of service. There
are numerous stakeholders which are affected by the policies and strategies of the
organization. These stakeholders are civil society groups, various trade unions, scientists,
volunteers and some of the military organizations. who are affected by the functions of the
activists, and act according to reach yet transitional goal which is the restore peace and
oppose the nuclear weapons (Hill 2015).
The idea behind this particular power map is to discuss the flow of influences of the
activities of this campaign and the functions of the associated entities. The arrows represent
the direction in which the flow of influence goes (Ceadel 2017). This is the reason why the
map has highlighted the power holders and the stakeholders. There are numerous arrows
which have intersected one another and sometimes there are two way flows. The two way
arrows denote that the power holders and the stakeholders are interestingly influencing each
other. The intersecting arrows denote the process of service have and intense engagement
among the power holders and the stakeholders hence these repetitions are common in this
particular power map. This map is not only a tool for describing the status of the power
holders and stakeholders but can be used as the tools for making strategies for effective
operation (Feiveson et al. 2014). Making a power holder map is essential for the organization
as it helps to realize the interconnection of the process and clearly identify the places from
where the influence origins and exerted. As the organization works to prevent the growth of
terrorism, counter terrorism, war among the countries and the use of any type of weapons for
The Power Holders
The Governments of
the nations, holding
nuclear power
volunteers

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mass killing, they usually struggle with the governments of the powerful nations. The
campaigns get ample support from the public and the stakeholders and media (Grape et al.
2014). As nuclear wars are the question of public safety, the campaign gives adequate power
to the media so that the public gain knowledge about the ways through which their interests
can be harmed. There are political social and psychological issues regarding the security of
global people and the victim which have already suffered due to the same reason.
Developing the strategy
Integrated strategy maps:
Overall objective
To maintain world peace
Immediate goal
To prevent nuclear conflict among the countries
Strategy
To convince the governments and public
about outcomes of nuclear weapons
Social strategy to create
public awareness
Component strategy
for media
Political strategy to
create pressure on
governments
Strategies to pursue legal
avenues
Tactics:
 Meetings
 Public
demonstrations
 Rallies
 Music
 Making alliance
with other social
groups so that a
huge public
support can be
gained
 Media coverage
of the rallies and
gatherings
Tactics:
 Website
 Events
 Online shows
 Documentary
movies
 Media release
 Newspaper
 Social media
Tactics:
 Lobbying
ministers
 Convincing
governments
for approval
 Ombudsman
 Merging with
more
powerful
campaigners
 Convincing
other interest
groups
Tactics:
 Media
 Ministers
approvals
 Policies of the
international
court of law
 United
Nation’s
policies
 Policies of
NATO

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Unlike any type of organizational, every social service institution has certain
objectives which they observe thorough various types of campaigns. In case of Campaign for
Nuclear Disarmament, the chief objective is to preserve a secured living environment of the
global people without any threat of nuclear war among the powerful states (Bacevich 2016).
This is the reason why the organization needs to have a strong strategy so that it can convince
the power holders and the stakeholders in the decision making process not to use any
biological, chemical and nuclear weapons. The component strategy involves of the
organization is to raise the public awareness. In doing this, the campaign involves huge
support from the national as well as the international media who since the very beginning had
supported this organization each times. It is the medium through which the campaign has
gained immense popularity bot nationally as well as globally (Horowitz 2017). The tactics
that the organization has utilized are rallies, letters, music, shows and public meetings where
the discussion about the harmful effect of nuclear energy can be discussed and opposition
against the government can be staged.
The method of media releases to oppose the decisions of the governments is one of
the most important strategies which the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament has been
followed to earn more public support. Through media the organization can successfully
convey exactly what they want and reach more people for support. The method of using
media in campaigning, gives the organization the scope for manipulate the thinking of the
people in one hand and know their views regarding the nuclear conflict in the countries
(Horowitz 2017). The proactivity of media helps the organization to attract people in their
events who later become members of this organization. This organization creates pressure on
the government through the method of lobbying the policies of the government. The letters to
the political leaders and ministers so that he supports for their campaign get a political
approach and the issues may be solved.

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There are conflicts of interests, which create issues between the strategy of the
organization and the government policies and as the organization act against the government,
the situation becomes more critical. In this case the organization aims to increase popularity
and support from the other similar organizations (Kim 2017). This is the reason why they
make contact with other groups and often United Nations which also struggle to prevent the
nuclear war among the countries in the world. In making the campaign successful and
maintain the world peace, the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament have faced many legal
issues for which it needs to have media support and the approval from media. The planning
process and the tender process create many legal barriers. In addition to this, the process of
implementation the campaign perfectly and having perfect impact on the power holders and
stake holders, the organization take legal measure to strengthen the campaign.
Implementing the plan:
Campaign calendars:
Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament has been started since the year 1957 and from
then on, this organization has been advocating for the nuclear power conflicts among the
powerful countries and the fear of nuclear tests all over the world. There is a range of
supporters with various types of interests which include scientists, religious leaders,
academics, journalists, writers, actors and musicians. They have helped the organization to
implement its strategy successfully for these six decades. The origin of the organization was
purely the result of worldwide fear of the nuclear power conflict among the super powers of
the world. In 1950s the UK introduced itself as the third nation having nuclear power in their
hands just after the United States of America and the USSR. It had then recently tested the H-
bomb. 5his is the reason why the editor of the New Statesman, Kingsley Martin, had chaired
one meeting in Amen Court in order to launch the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament.

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The Campaign was first launched at the public meeting at the Central Hall in
Westminster, in the year 1958 (Cnduk.org 2018). It was joined by more than five thousand
people, though this event was not successful initially. In this implementation of strategy
process, Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament had gained huge support from the organizations
that had formerly opposed the nuclear weapons used by the British government, supported
Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament. These supporters include the British Peace
Committee, Direct Action Committee, the National Committee for the Abolition of Nuclear
Weapons Tests and the Quakers.
In the same year, the organization has spread one of its branch in the neighboring
country, the Republic of Ireland. During this time the organizations was campaigning for the
government of Ireland for supporting the international efforts to achieve nuclear disarmament
and make the country free of nuclear power. This campaign gained an international stage
when the World Peace Council supported the actions of this organization. In this strategy to
make alliance with more powerful institution which arranged more sophisticated and high–
profile international conference, gave the organization more leverage to earn more popularity.
In 1958 the organization supported a small pacifist group. This initiated the strategy of annual
Easter marches through which the organization wanted to measure the supporter’s activities.
In 1959 this march had more than 60,000 joiners and 1961 and 1962 march had 150,000
people. from 1966, the organization started to take formal membership.
This campaign gained major revival in 1980s, as it decided to respond to the
resurgence of the Cold War. This was due to the fact that the international tension during this
time was fast increasing. Both the poles wanted to deploy missiles and other mass killing
weapons which brought the importance of this type of organization back in relevancy. In
1980s, this campaign gained huge success as its membership increased to 300,000. This was
because the organization strategized to open new section which included Ex-services CND,

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Student CND, Green CND, Trade Union CND, Tories Against Cruise and Trident (TACT).
One of the most important strategy that the organization implemented was to gain support
from the labor unions across the world. For this reason, however, the campaign was opposed
by many. This strategy however linked the organization with Marxist touch in it. One
significance of the Labor Party's support to this campaign, it became a remarkable
organizational feat hence showed more stamina than most of the political lobbies.
Critical discussion of campaign outcomes:
2018 marks the 50th anniversary of Campaign Nuclear Disarmament (Cnduk.org
2018). Therefore, there is a huge list of achievements for the functioning of this organization.
The public pressure that these campaign generates, have greatly contributed to the
achievement of the Partial Test Ban Treaty as well as the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.
Though different kind of strategies to gain public support for peace, the campaign has
successfully motivated the supporters to follow the strategies of the campaign. By the method
of lobbying this campaign has manicured the opinion of the ministers so that they do not take
any measure to incase rivalry with other countries. The initial years of success have helped
the campaign to bring about the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty in 1987
(Cnduk.org 2018). In this case it has successfully created pressure on the government to
remove missiles even if for the defensive measure and disarming nuclear weapons. This
particular style of campaigning has helped to prevent introduction of Neutron bomb by the
super powers of the world. The campaigns have convinced the US campaigners to persuade
Nixon not to bomb Vietnam more than once. It was the action of this particular organization
which that has prevented many wars to broke out and shaped the growing demands for
restoring peace and human security (Lawson 2016).
One of the most important event in the world history was that this campaign had so
many supporters internationally that the even the cold warrior Henry Kissinger voiced to stop

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war and demanded fresh measure for disarmament. Moreover, the campaign had great effect
in encouraging public opinion in the United Kingdom against the governments’ policy to
replace Trident. This organization campaigned non-violently of achieving British nuclear
disarmament to scope the Trident nuclear weapon system as well as preventing its
replacement. This campaign was responsible to grow opposition against NATO (Cnduk.org
2018). This campaign in one hand prevent the issues from emerging which may cause nuclear
war in future and monitor the nuclear policies of NATO so that it does not harm the world
peace by suddenly attacking the Middle East countries which will definitely create scope for
nuclear war in the world. This campaign has not only prevented the nuclear war successfully
but also conveyed the super powers not to infringe the global peace by using biological and
chemical weapons (Lodgaard 2016). This campaign monitors the participation of Britain in
the Missile Defense System of the USA. This is because this missile system can be a major
threat for the peace desired people around the world (Ritchie and Egeland 2018). This
campaign has also opposed the idea of nuclear power plants in Britain and testing weapons in
space.
Conclusions:
Therefore, it can be concluded that the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament has been
successfully preventing the issues that may result in war. There are numerous strategies that
this campaign has planned to stop nuclear threats among the people of the world has a
successful outcome. For the last six decades this campaign has been working to protect the
security of the people by opposing the use of nuclear power in manufacturing weapons. The
strategies of this campaign include numerous power holders who directly manipulate the
government policies so that any type of war do not take place in the world. The terrorist
activities and counter terrorism which the countries initiate can affect the world peace.
Hence, this campaign has great relevancy in the current situation.

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References:
Bacevich, A.J., 2016. New Nukes: TURNING AWAY FROM
DISARMAMENT. Commonweal, 143(4), p.8.
Becker, M.A., 2017. The dispute that wasn’t there: judgments in the Nuclear Disarmament
cases at the International Court of Justice. CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL LAW
JOURNAL, 6(1), pp.4-26.
Burke, P.D.M., 2016. European Nuclear Disarmament: Transnational Peace Campaigning in
the 1980s.
Burkett, J., 2016. 20. Gender and the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament in the
1960s. Handbook on Gender and War, p.419.
Ceadel, M., 2017. Jonathan Hogg, British Nuclear Culture: Official and Unofficial Narratives
in the Long 20th Century. London: Bloomsbury, 2016. 231pp.
Cnduk.org (2018). Introduction. [online] Cnduk.org. Available at: http://www.cnduk.org/get-
involved/glastonbury/item/544-introduction [Accessed 11 May 2018].
Feiveson, H.A., Glaser, A., Mian, Z. and Von Hippel, F., 2014. Unmaking the Bomb: A
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Grape, S., Svärd, S.J., Hellesen, C., Jansson, P. and Lindell, M.Å., 2014. New perspectives
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Hill, C.R., 2015. Nations of Peace: Nuclear Disarmament and the Making of National
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Horowitz, I., 2017. The War Game: studies of the new civilian militarists. Routledge.

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Kim, C., 2017. The Peace Movement: The Beginning and End of Nuclear Disarmament
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Lawson, T., 2016. The Church and the Bomb: Anglicans and the Campaign for Nuclear
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storm. Journal for Peace and Nuclear Disarmament, pp.1-17.
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Debate. Wall Street Journal, 3, p.16.
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