This document discusses a case study of a patient with hypertension and hypothyroidism, and the prescribed medications Levothyroxine and Captopril. It explores the disease process, diagnosis, rationale behind the medications, dosage calculation, and nursing interventions.
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Running head: CANADIAN HEALTHCARE PRACTICE Name of the student: Name of the university: Authors note:
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1CANADIAN HEALTHCARE PRACTICE Thedisease processin the following case study includes the following. Mrs Walker who is 88 years old , has the following symptoms: oDifficulty in sleeping oMrs Walker’s current weight is 65 kg and height is 160 cm, therefore her Body Mass Index (BMI) is 25.4 which falls under the category of overweight. The patient has been diagnosed with Hypertension and it is in relation with coronary artery disease or CAD. To control the high blood pressure the patient is currently using salt substitute.The high blood pressure in patient’s diagnosis has resulted in elevated risk factor for the coronary artery disease, as the there is a constant pressure on the arteries creates high chances for formation of plaques in the artery that has led to coronary artery disease (Rosendroff et al., 2015). In a secondary diagnosis it revealed that the patient has hypothyroidism, may also lead to the elevation of blood pressure, which is a secondary cause of hypertension and subclinical risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (Kim et al., 2014). The physician has prescribe two drugs; Levothyroxine and Captopril(Mechanism of Action and Pharmacological class) Levothyroxine, is used in the treatment of lower thyroid production from the thyroid gland and the drug is a synthetic hormone replacement of thyroxin (T 4) and which is converted in to an active metabolite (T 3) which is L-triiodothyronine. The drug metabolic effect is initiated by the DNA transcription as well as synthesise of protein.
2CANADIAN HEALTHCARE PRACTICE Captopril is used for renal vascular hypertension as well as congestive heart failure. This a ACE inhibitor or an angiotensin converting enzyme which is somatic in nature to regulate the high blood pressure and blocks enzyme proteolysis in AT I and AT II. Therationalebehind the physicians order is that since the patient is overweight and has hypertension and that is related with the coronary heart disease the medication of captopril will ensure the decrease of hypertension as well keep in check myocardial infraction as well as prevent from retinopathy and neuropathy. In case of Levothyroxine, it is due to the reason thatpatient has hypothyroidism and hence the patient supplement of synthetic hormone thyroxin T 4, the drug also reduces the hypertension in patients. The dosage calculation of each medicine for Levothyroxine: It is 125 mcg in AM before meals, which per day in take of that medicine according to body weight is: 8.13 mg daily. Whereas for Captopril is 25 mg BID, that is 1625 mg daily. TheNANDAdiagnosis includes: Assessment: Here it can be understood that the patient is already overweight and she is 88-year old which means that she is at high risk of getting cardiovascular disorder, the patient has mentioned difficulty in sleeping. Diagnosis: The clinical diagnosis includes: she has hypertension, CHD as well as hypothyroidism.Planningincludes: The doctor has prescribed the captopril which can reduce renal hypertension and levothyroxine can reduce hypothyroidism. Implementation: The patient can be asked to use a supplement of table salt bythere can be many salt substitute like tea tree oil which can relieve heart dysfunctions (Liley, Collins & Snyder, 2019). The potassium choride can also be used as a supplement for salt (Cepanac, 2017).
3CANADIAN HEALTHCARE PRACTICE References: Cepanec, K., Vugrinec, S., Cvetković, T., & Ranilović, J. (2017). Potassium chloride‐based salt substitutes: A critical review with a focus on the patent literature.Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety,16(5), 881-894. Kim, E. J., Lyass, A., Wang, N., Massaro, J. M., Fox, C. S., Benjamin, E. J., & Magnani, J. W. (2014). Relation of hypothyroidism and incident atrial fibrillation (from the Framingham Heart Study).American heart journal,167(1), 123-126. Lilley, L. L., Shelly Rainforth Collins, P., & Snyder, J. S. (2019).Pharmacology and the nursing process. Mosby. Rosendorff, C., Lackland, D. T., Allison, M., Aronow, W. S., Black, H. R., Blumenthal, R. S., ... & Gersh, B. J. (2015). Treatment of hypertension in patients with coronary artery disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association, American CollegeofCardiology,andAmericanSocietyofHypertension.Journalofthe American College of cardiology,65(18), 1998-2038.