COM207 | Concept Map and Guided Question Response Report
Added on 2020-03-04
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Running head: CONCEPT MAP AND GUIDED RESPONSE Concept Map and Guided Question ResponseName of the Student:Name of the University:Author Note:
1CONCEPT MAP AND GUIDED RESPONSEConcept Map on Left Heart Failure
2CONCEPT MAP AND GUIDED RESPONSERisk factorsDiabetes mellitusObesity (BM=31)Sedentary lifestyleHypertension Advanced age is the other common risk factor (1)AetiologyMyocardial infarction Pathophysiology (1)Narrowing of arteries Poor oxygen & blood supply to heartImpairment of pumping by left ventriclePoor supply of oxygen rich blood Accumulation of blood inside lungs and shortness of breath- Stress on right heartImpairment of left ventricular functionAccumulation of fluid (1)Left Heart FailureLeft Heart FailureDiagnosisBlood test to evaluate thyroid, liver and kidney functionCheste-ray, electrocardiogram, coronary angiography,heart test and echocardiogram (2)TreatmentPreventionLong term beta blockerAspirin therapy & satinsWeight management and lifestyle changes managing blood pressure, having healthy diet, quitting smoking and alcohol. Patient and family education will also be crucial (5)Treatmenthigh blood pressure medicinescardiac catheterizationBeta-blockers, digitalis, digoxinand ARBs, ACE, inhibitors (2)Prevents ArthrosclerosisProgression of Disease The major symptom of heart failure is lack of dyspnea.One also feel unusually exhausted.The patient is subjected to medical treatment and intervention, for example, administering an IV. Consistent chest x ray will enable further diagnosis (3). PrognosisLeft heart failure is a serious condition that can result in early death. How long a person live depends on the cause, age and exercise. The chances of full recovery are also limited. However, consistent medication can stabilize the patient (3)PreventscausesCourse of diseaseWith palliative care- treat intractable symptoms of chest pain, shortness of breath, fatigue.Without transplantation - heart failure may not be reversible and cardiac function typically deteriorates with time (2)InfluencesClinical manifestations DyspnoeaOrthopnoea, Cough,Cyanosis,Basal crackles, breathlessnessFatigue, Oliguria, Increased heart rate,faint pulsesrestlessnessconfusion and anxiety (4)References
3CONCEPT MAP AND GUIDED RESPONSE1.Dupuis, J., & Guazzi, M. (2015). Pathophysiology and clinical relevance ofpulmonary remodelling in pulmonary hypertension due to left heartdiseases.Canadian Journal of Cardiology,31(4), 416-429.2.McMurray, J. J., Adamopoulos, S., Anker, S. D., Auricchio, A., Böhm, M., Dickstein,K., ... & Jaarsma, T. (2012). ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acuteand chronic heart failure 2012.European journal of heart failure,14(8), 803-869.3.Jamerson, K. & Byrd, J.B., (2017).Hypertension: Pre-Hypertension to Heart Failure,an Issue of Cardiology Clinics, E-Book(Vol. 35, No. 1). Elsevier Health Sciences.4.Alpert, M. A., Lavie, C. J., Agrawal, H., Aggarwal, K. B., & Kumar, S. A. (2014).Obesity and heart failure: epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, andmanagement.Translational Research,164(4), 345-356.5.Schocken, D. D., Benjamin, E. J., Fonarow, G. C., Krumholz, H. M., Levy, D.,Mensah, G. A., ... & Hong, Y. (2008). Prevention of heartfailure.Circulation,117(19), 2544-2565.
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