Impacts of a Car-Free City Center: Analysis and Recommendations
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This report analyzes the economic, environmental, and social impacts of creating a car-free city center. Recommendations include promoting public transport, eco-friendly vehicles, and sustainability awareness.
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Executive Summary With the increasing pollution around the globe, pollution created by the car is considered to be the major reason behind that. A car-free city is referred to the city zones that mainly depend on public transport and avoid using any kind of vehicles or cars. This largely contributes to the sustainability of the environment effectively and efficiently. The main purpose of the report is to effectively analyze the impact of making the city center car-free. This report also focuses on determining the ways of maximizing the benefits and minimizing the challenges of creating a city center car-free. Additionally, the environmental and social impacts are also analyzed in this report.
Table of Contents Executive Summary.........................................................................................................................2 Introduction.....................................................................................................................................1 Main Body.......................................................................................................................................1 The Economic Impacts....................................................................................................................1 The environmental Impacts..............................................................................................................2 The social Impacts..........................................................................................................................3 Recommendation.............................................................................................................................4 Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................5 References......................................................................................................................................6
Introduction A car-free city is a population centre that mainly depends on public transport, walking, or cycling for transport in the urban area. The carfree zones are also referred to as the area of the city or town where any kind of vehicle is restricted to effectively contribute to the sustainability of the environment(Barry, 2020). With increasing pollution around the globe is largely impacting the environment and the car or any other vehicles are majorly responsible for this as carbon dioxide, nitrogen and various other exhaust fumes leads to causing serious health issues for all the living creatures around the globe as well as largely creating climate issues. The car- free city is a great example of a place where the public largely depends on public transport rather than using any kind of vehicle or car. The car-free zones is a kind of city where the public dependsonusingelectricandeco-friendlyvehicles(Whitley,2019).Therearevarious stakeholders present that largely contribute to making the city centre car fee leading to contribute tothesustainabilityoftheenvironment.Thevariousstakeholdersincludegovernment, environmentalists, and other interested people. The government bodies play an essential role in making the city car-free through effectively carrying out proper research and making required strategies for handling excess use of personal cars in the city and motivating the public to use public transport more. Also, the environmentalist plays a huge role in making the city car-free through creating awareness regarding environmental sustainability among the general public as well motivating them to use public transport. This report covers the impact of creating a city center car-free, along with the economic impact in terms of impact related to employment, the cost to the taxpayer, and impact on businesses is also highlighted in this report. In addition to this, the environmental impact and social impact along with the recommendation for further improvement are also highlighted in this report. Main Body The Economic Impacts An economic impact analysis is referred to determining the impact of an event in a particular area. It enables to analyse the change in organization revenue, individual personal wages, and overall employment. Any kind of environmental change directly impacts the growth and development of an economy. The increasing environmental concerns and pollution around the globe are creating an immense economic impact(Phillips Galloway and Uccelli, 2019). For 1
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example, in the case of Madrid, restricting access to the cars to the city centre directs results in enhancing consumers spending by around 9.5% on main shopping streets and by 3.3% across all the country. But it is determined that restricting the use of cars and vehicles heads to cutting the employment rate in the automobile sectors as the general public will shift towards the use of public transport heading to an impact on the operations and profitability of the automobile industry(Lin, 2018). Taxes mainly contribute to the gross domestic products of any country, enhancing the growth and development of the economy, raising the standards of living, enhancing job creation, and so on.Tax drives to cutting growing demandthrough improving the disposable income and through encouraging the business organization to hire and invest effectively.The automobile industry is effectively considered a huge taxpayer contributing to the growth and development of the economy. The shift from the automobile industry to the eco-friendly and electric vehicle can impact the profitability of the automobile industry(Chassidim, Almogand Mark, 2018). There is also a large economic influence on the business organization has been seen with the growing car-free city initiative. One of the major impacts has been seen on the automobile industry, as the use of general transport and restricting access to personal transport willrightly affect the performance and profitability of the automobile industry. Influence on the automobile industry directly strikes the growth and improvement of the economy as well influencing the employment level.The government should take corrective measures while implementing such incentives in the city(Weller, 2019). The environmental Impacts A car-free city will make atremendous influence on the environmentefficiently in terms city's carbon footprint and sustainability, pollution, and climate outcome as well as the result of any kind of construction work needed to be done effectively. Themajorenvironmentalconsequenceinvolvesadecreaseintheemissionsof greenhouse gases and enhancement in the noise pollution effectively. Generally on the small scale main purpose of the ban on the cars leads to making the place safer for walking, cycling and even for socializingalso prominent to lessenthe air and noise pollution in the city as well. Limiting or reducing the access to the car by the public in the city centre can lead to a fall in nitrogen oxide and carbon dioxide.It assist the city to subsidise to the sustainability of the environment efficiently.Additionally, even motorcycles and trucks mainly account for mainly 2
1/5thof almost the United states CO2 emissions. So the car-free city would help in handling these issuesandcontributetothesustainabilityoftheenvironment(QuinnandBuzzetto- Hollywood,2019). Cars are considered to be the major contributor to global climate changes by emitting around 20 pounds of greenhouse gas into the atmosphere for around every gallon of gasoline burned. The less number of private cars in the city will reduce the noise pollutions. Reduction in noise pollution will help in improving public health. It is also analyzed that car pollution relatively contributes to climate change, which is effects from a build-up of the greenhouse gases around the atmosphere. Burning of the fossil fuels in vehicles guides to the discharge of carbon dioxide, which is one of the major sources of greenhouse gas emissions. A car-free city helps in reducing noise pollution as well as effectively contributing to controlling the increasing climate changes as well. The growing environmental impact such as waste, noise, dust, waste, air pollution, water pollution, land use, operations with hazardous emission, and so on. A large amount of waste is generated from the construction task, laborscamps, every construction project is largely impacting the environment. Every construction project results in the emission of carbon dioxide, methane, and other waste material that leads to polluting the air and creating global climate changes. For example, the global cement industry contributes to around 5% of global carbon dioxide. As well as fuel and electricity are also the leading contributors(Whiteand King, 2020). The social Impacts There is a large number of social impacts that have been recognized with the growing use of cars and pollution caused by them. Issues regarding the health of the general public that has been recognized. As well as the growing noise pollution is also directly impacting the health of the general public. But the promoting the car-free initiative will help in reducing and handling all these issues and contribute to the sustainability of the environment. Initially, any kind of change takes a lot for the general public to accept and work towards it effectively. Accepting these changes has been a huge task for the general public due to lack of convenience, but creating strong awareness regarding environmental protection helps in moving the general public towards banning access to private vehicles(Suntheimerand Wolf, 2020). It will help as a city to effectively contribute to the growth and development of the whole city as well as contribute towards the sustainability of the environment. 3
Promoting a car-free city will also enable in creating a better city free from any kind of pollution and health issues. It will also lead to impact on the demographic areas as there will be the impact of an aging population, it is determined that by 2025 there will only be around two working-age people on every elderly person in Europe. It is essential to move towards a car-free city to make the city better and move towards growth and success effectively(Öncül, 2020). There is also social impact in terms of changes in the crime rates, crime is considered to be a major part of society, it costs and affects almost all to some extent and degree. There are mainly five areas of social risk factors for the involved in the crime such as family, education, economics, community, and peers. The use of public transport will create a sense of feeling safe among the public thus can lead to reducing the risk of crime in the public(Boon, 2020). Recommendation Toeffectivelymaximizethebenefitsandminimizethechallengesvarious recommendations can be taken into consideration as mentioned below: It is recommended that to move the public towards the use of public transport and avoid usingpersonalvehiclesproperawarenessregardingtheincreasingconcernofthe environmentalfactorsneedstobepromotedamongthegeneralpublicbythe shareholder's parties. The various social media campaigns can be taken into consideration to create awareness regarding saving the environment from any kind of toxic gages and pollution. Restricting access to personal vehicles will help in dealing with these issues in the city. Even social media platforms can be taken into consideration to raise awareness among the general public. It is also recommended that the use of electric and eco-friendly vehicles should be promoted in the city as this will help in reducing pollution in the city. Major shareholder party that is government bodies should take corrective measures as well as implement strict rules and regulations for the general public for using electric and eco-friendly vehicles as well as restrict on using any kind of car and vehicles in the city. Using campaigns awareness regarding the impact of vehicles on public health can be created effectively. It is also recommended that to promote the car-free city, the use of public transport should be promoted through collecting less amount of fair from the general public. The government should ensure that less amount of fair is being fixed on traveling by any local 4
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or general transport. It will help in attracting and encouraging the public to use more general transport and avoid using personal transport in the city. In addition to this, another recommendation that can be taken into consideration by shareholders such as environmentalist is to take proper actions in regards to promoting sustainability in the environment. The environmentalist will play a major role in the welfare and sustainability of the environment. So environmentalists can take corrective actions in promoting a car-free city as well as promoting the use of electric and eco- friendly vehicles. Conclusion From the above report, it has been concluded that car fee city largely contributes towards the sustainability and welfare of the environment effectively. It helps in controlling several issues such as controlling noise pollution in the city and as well as contributing to the reduction of carbon emission. It also helps in the overall growth and development of the city and effectively contributes to the development of the economy. This report helps in analyzing that the use city center car-free leads to creating a positive impact on the country in terms of environmental impact. This report also helps in determining the economic impact in terms of employment, the cost to the taxpayers as well as the result on the business. Also, moving towards a car-free city helps in reducing carbon footprint as well as reducing the noise pollution as well as analyzed in this report. The social impact in terms of public response to change as well as changes in the demographicofareasandcrimeratesisalsoanalyzedinthisreportalongwiththe recommendation that can be considered for further enhancement. 5
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