Cardiac Rehabilitation Effectiveness
Added on 2020-03-28
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Running head: CARDIAC NURSINGCardiac nursingName of the student:Name of the University:Author’s note
1CARDIAC NURSINGCardiovascular disease is a great burden worldwide and it is now recognized as theleading cause of death in the world. According to a review on cardiac disease burden worldwide,it has been found that 32% of global death in the world has been caused due to cardiovasculardisease. The number of lives lost due to heart disease is increasing more rapidly in low andmiddle income countries and there is a need to control regional variations in the diagnosis ofheart problems and the mortality associated with it. In response to high health care cost anddisease burden of cardiovascular disease, policy related changes is needed to address contextualfactors associated with risk of the disease. The global commitment is to reduce the rate ofpremature cardiovascular disease by 25% by 2025. In response to this commitment, role ofcardiac rehabilitation is now realized to restore health of affected people (Roth et al., 2015). Theessay discusses the importance of cardiac rehabilitation for people with cardiac health needs andexplains the role of nurse in cardiac rehabilitation of patients with cardiovascular disease. Cardiac rehabilitation is now a part of contemporary heart disease care and treatmentbecause it can treat wide spectrum of cardiac disease. It is defines as the combination ofinterventions implemented to provide the best physical, psychological and social conditions topatients with chronic cardiovascular disease and reduce the progression of disease and optimalfunctioning of patients in the community. Wide range of strategies are employed during thecardiac rehabilitation process which includes exercise, behavioral changes, education of healthybehavior, psychological supports and other strategies (Anderson et al., 2016). The main benefitof cardiac rehabilitation is that it has a major impact on heart failure etiology. A studyinvestigating the benefits of cardiac rehabilitation based on heart failure etiology gave theindication that cardiac rehabilitation approaches like physical exercise has positive impact onmuscle fibre. The two years outpatient follow-up study also mentioned about the efficacy of
2CARDIAC NURSINGcardiac rehabilitation on stabilizing various clinical and laboratory parameter in heart patients.Patient education helped them to stabilize their heart rate and maintain their weight too. Thestudy proved the benefits of clinical rehabilitation in heart failure patients and suggested exercisetraining in all heart failure patients despite difference in heart failure etiology (Koukoui et al.,2015).Though exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation has been recommended by many studies,most heart failure patients do not receive it. This might be due to the variation in the cost ofcardiac rehabilitation service. However, cardiac rehabilitation with emphasis on exercise isconsidered important for patient because it has been found to reduce the mortality rate by 20-30% compared to those who do not receive exercise interventions (Lewinter et al., 2015).Another study showed the direct benefits of exercise training on coagulation and clotting factorsand development of inflammatory markers. Consistent results for reduction in cardiovascularmortality with exercise activity has been found in many studies and across people with manytypes of cardiovascular heart disease (Anderson et al., 2016). Another study evaluated the effectiveness of exercise-based rehabilitation in terms ofmortality, hospital admission rates and health related quality of life. The study finding showedthat exercise rehabilitation does not reduce the risk of all cause mortality, however it leads toreduction in hospital admissions rates and improvement in health related quality of life. Inaddition, positive results from exercise training is consistent in participants irrespective of theirage, gender and severity (Taylor et al., 2014). Hence, considering the impact of clinical outcomeof patients, it is very important to provide such interventions to heart failure patients. It isregarded as a cost effective and comprehensive approach to reducing risk factors and improvingphysiological, functional, psychological and nutritional status of patients.
3CARDIAC NURSINGDespite numerous benefits of outpatient cardiac rehabilitation (CR), very few referralsare given to patient for participation in such activities. One research suggested addressing thebarrier to participation in CR by educating the patients and health care system about the benefitsof CR and identifying the reason for lack of referral. To identify lack of referral to CR, it is alsonecessary to analyze level of health investments and health system barriers such as poorinfrastructure and poor perception about the value of CR. In addition, to increase theparticipation of people in outpatient CR, it would necessary to raise understanding about theprocess and designing the CR programs in such a way that majority of patients can accept suchform of care. Increased coverage and implementation of innovative strategies to cover morenumber of patients in such programs is also crucial to the achievement of the global commitmentfor reduction in cardiovascular mortality rate. Several digitals tools has the advantage in raisingawareness and improving coverage of such program. For example, telemedicine, internet basedprograms and mobile applications are useful tools to raise awareness about importance for CR inrestoring optimal functioning in cardiac failure patients (Arena et al., 2012). This approach willhelp to address alarmingly low rate of participation in CR programs.The above discussion proves that there are many evidence based article to prove theefficacy of CR on improving health of patients with cardiovascular disease. It ismultidisciplinary approach to care where a team of nurse specialist, occupational therapist,dietitian, phsyiotherapist and other support staffs helps patients to change behavior and self-manage the disease by means of diverse CR activities. The cardiac rehabilitation nurse mainlyassist and guides patients to adapt to healthy path and lower the risk of heart disease. Theyfacilitate patients to bring lifestyle changes. Such nurse also requires communication skills topersuade patients to adapt new health behavior and experience the benefits of positive life styles
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