Economic Evaluation of Health Care Programmes

This assignment covers the methods for economic evaluation of health care programmes, as outlined in the book 'Methods for the Economic Evaluation of Health Care Programmes' by Drummond et al. The document provides a comprehensive overview of the approaches used to evaluate healthcare interventions, including cost-effectiveness analysis, cost-utility analysis, and cost-benefit analysis. It also discusses the importance of considering both economic and clinical outcomes in healthcare decision-making.

CASE STUDY
(REPORT)

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
BACKGROUND OF THE CASE STUDY.....................................................................................1
SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS OF SHNT........................................................................................2
Quality in health and social care and indicators of quality.........................................................2
Theories related to qualities in health and social care.................................................................4
Specific area of healthcare organisation requires for management using situational analysis...5
ANALYSIS OF STANDARDS AND PERFORMANCE USING PROCESS MAP.....................6
Process map.................................................................................................................................6
Process mapping for SHNT........................................................................................................7
RECOMMENDATION AND IMPLEMENTATION PLAN.........................................................9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCE.................................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Health and social care services are effective in UK that provide services to reduce
diseases and sociology efficiently. It aims to gain proper satisfaction from patients and providing
complete comfortability with health and social care. The present report is about case study on
disease of Sara Ryan's son Connor and Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust. In which,
Connor an 18 years old boy died because of failing drowned in bath of the hospital. However, as
per study, it is found that he was suffering from mental health issue named epilepsy. In the case
study, Sara's action against improper SHNT services are to be introduced regarding Connor's
death. Moreover, project covers situational analysis of SHNT and its standard using process map.
Including this, recommendations are also to be suggested for hospital entity's services and taking
care of service takers properly. Thus, students are able to understand case study of the hospital
entity and various precautions to be considered for patients of the entity through this report.
BACKGROUND OF THE CASE STUDY
Southern Health NHS provides health and social care to number of patients suffering
from physical and mental health issues. However, around 45000 people take its services across
Hampshire, Dorest, Buckinghamshire on large scale. In this regard, professionals and doctors of
the entity take care of patients as well give their best efforts to reduce diseases effectively. In
some cases, patient has to face some issues and loss of life due to some reasons like;
mismanagement, improper services and so on (Allred and Addams, 2013). In this case study,
actions of Sara against her son Connor's death are introduced due to epileptic disease and entity's
improper services. In addition to this, situational analysis of SHNT and theories are described for
improving services of hospital entity. In order to this, analysis of standards and performance are
presented for implementation plan and getting satisfaction of all patients with hospitalisation and
entity's services efficiently. Including this, various recommendations for systematic management
of hospital entity's services at high level. Therefore, various tools to improve hospitalisation and
services of NHS are presented for reducing health issues deeply through this assignment
systematically.
SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS OF SHNT
Situational analysis is to identify current situations, issues occurred in providing services
to service takers of it. In this regard, policies and implementation plans related to health and
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social care for organisation's effectiveness are also analysed. Moreover, on the basis of
identifying these situations, further strategies are formulated and implemented to resolve them. It
is created in different ways like; analytical, relevant, comprehensive and evidence based etc
(Bundy, Shropshire and Buchholtz, 2013). Along with this, several aspects are evolved in
situational analysis obtaining official approvals, preparing budget and constituting working
groups. Therefore, situational analysis is essential to recognise actual position of entity as well its
services by which several ideas are generated for preparing healthcare plans and policies for
improving its services and providing maximum satisfaction to care takers (Situational Analysis,
2016).
In this case study, SHNT services are to be improved that affect hospitalisation and
services of hospital entity. Various strategies and tools are used for analysing current situation
and preparing plans for its improvements (Castka and Prajogo, 2013). As per the study, these
services are failing down due to inefficiency in management of operations and do not taking care
of patients as possible as it can. Hence, it is required for hospital entity to prepare strategies and
implementing them for better quality services and satisfying people with health and social care
effectively.
Quality in health and social care and indicators of quality
In health and social care organisation, quality of services provided impacts on its
effectiveness. There are some regularities amended for maintaining and improving qualities of
health and social care. For instance; Care Quality commission (CQC), Association of Directors
of Audit Social Services (ADASS) and other national bodies etc. Therefore, quality management
for health and social care effects on hospitalisation and its services (Chathoth and et.al., 2014).
These regularities are providing guidelines and different tools for improving qualities and
managing all activities of hospital entity effectively. In addition to this, indicators as well rules
and regulations are amended to be followed on for health and social care and reducing health
issues. However, quality management and effective control over it. In accordance to this,
regularity bodies and their functions in quality management of health and social care are as
below:
 Care quality Commission: This regulatory works for analysing hospital entity's care taking
regarding management and using tools for implementation. Including this, it provides several
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amendments and rules for quality management of entity's services as well hospitalisation.
Apart from this, used equipment and other services which are provided by hospital entity also
analysed and improved through this regulation and management plans (Collier and
Bienstock, 2015). Thus, care quality commission plays crucial role in management of
hospital entity's operations and its services for its effectiveness and improving efficiencies
systematically.
 Association for Directors for Social services (ADASS): This regulatory body amends
different tools for improving efficiency of professionals and encouraging them for better
performance. However, different guidelines are provided for their protection as well quality
services that affects organisation's effectiveness and treatment services. In this regard,
various rules and provisions are provided for health promotion and effective treatment
services. Therefore, ADASS remains effective for hospitalisation and improving services
effectively. In this regard, various tools and strategies are implemented for protecting patients
and people with its faculties and social welfare at maximum level (Dabholkar, 2015). Thus,
health promotion and patients' trust can be maintained by following on these services and
their implementations effectively.
 Other regulatory bodies: like NICE is also essential to provide guidelines and different
implementations in health and social care. In this regard, regulations are presented to be
followed on for protection of patients and providing them secured services. Besides this, for
taking care of patients in more caring and nurturing ways, different tools are used to make it
time consuming as well effective treatment for them (Deng, Kang and Low, 2013).
Moreover, different guidances are achieved for quality management and providing
satisfactory services to patients on large scale. In addition to this, implementation plans and
social welfare as well reducing health issues tact are recognised for improving quality and
hospitality at higher level. Therefore, these regulatory bodies are helpful for enhancing
quality standard of hospitalisation and proper care of entity as well its services effectively.
Thus, above mentioned healthcare regularities play vital role in hospitalisation and
improving services of Southern NHS. However, by following on rules and regulations provided
by regularities, effective hospitality and services of healthcare can be improved efficiently. As
per case study, it is recognised that hospital entity requires improving its services and proper
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hospitalisation for which its effectiveness can be achieved at high level (Forrester and Maute,
2013). In addition to this, by considering quality standard tools and various implementation,
hospital entity can improve its efficiency systematically. However, saveral tools can use for
increasing quality standard of hospitalisation and its services efficiently. Hence, through this
approach, occurred health issues can be reduced as well proper management of hospital will be
systematic that affects profitability and effectiveness in wide range.
Theories related to qualities in health and social care
It is studied that the majority of healthcare miss happenings happen due to the fault of
systems and processes, and not the individuals. Inefficiency and variable nature of the process,
changing case mixing of the patients, health insurance, provider education and experience have
differences, and there are a number of factors that make the healthcare system complex. It was
also pointed out that the healthcare industry lacks the competence and its functionality is lower
than the bar that which it can and should work (Gallego, Rubalcaba and Suárez, 2013). There
should be six main aims of a health care clinic today: effectiveness, safety, patient should be the
centre, timely, efficiency, and equitable. The aims of effectiveness and safety should be targeted
by proper process and care measures, it must be seen forth the health care providers are
performing the processes that have been certified in achievement the desired aims and those
processes which harm the patients have been avoided. There needs to be a measurement on the
health care whether it provides the desired out comes determined. The processes for the
treatment of the patients by the health care clinic are scientifically proven and also has been
given consensus by expert professionals of the fields and is consistent with the preferences of the
patients. Because failures are being caused by the errors of systems and processes, there is a vital
need of change in the current system and techniques to identify inefficiency, ineffective care and
prevent errors from occurrence.
An ineffective management produces a great threat to the quality of services provided by
the healthcare clinics. The management decisions and unavailability of a decision-making
powers in the hands of the workers create a grave problem in the health care industry (Harris and
et.al., 2013). The effective management and ceding the power in the hands of the front-line
workers, such as nurses, doctors, technicians other so that the problems identified can be solved
in real time. That means fixing defects as soon as they are identified, not passing them on to the
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protracted analyses of top-down committees. And it means providing power to the workers to
define value from the patient end.
Another issue which enhances the lower quality of health care availability is the clinics is
the count of staff available to treat the patients. The numbers of workers available are much less
than the number needed to put up with the quality expected out of the healthcare centres.
Increasing the number, the of workers will improve the quality of services provided by them as
the time provided to treat one patient is going to increase (Huang and et.al., 2014).
Study also states that the time taken by the nurse to go to get the drugs is high and it can
be rectified by keeping the necessary drugs needed to treat a patient in a lock box near the
patients’ bed so that the same can be used to treat another patient.
Specific area of healthcare organisation requires for management using situational analysis
As per situational analysis of Southern NHS, both positive and negative aspects are
recognised that affects its implementation and quality services. It is identified that organisation's
services regarding medicines, conversations with patients are well but as for critical evaluation, it
is evaluated that entity requires working on its management and taking care of patients
effectively. In order to this, by identifying its services with angles, it is recognised that NHS
should work for patients' care and hospitalisation at more satisfactory level. In specific way,
entity is to build up effective trust with society and people for proper healthcare and improving
health promotion efficiently (Meixell and Luoma, 2015). Thus, management of entity's
operations in ethical considerations are needed for health and social care. However, various
implementations in health and social care are needed to build up effective trust and proper
effectiveness. In this regard, it is recognised that southern NHS is needed to improve its services
for patients suffering from health issues. However, by reducing and overcoming this issue,
organisation would be able to enhance its quality services as well its proper management can be
gained that affects effectiveness and profitability at higher level.
Hence, according to situational analysis and current position of NHS, it is identified that
entity requires improving its management and taking care ways (Weiss, 2014). Through
implementing strategies and qualities in health care, effective development can be gained for
further effectiveness and maintaining its quality standard effectively.
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ANALYSIS OF STANDARDS AND PERFORMANCE USING PROCESS
MAP
Process map
It refers to a flow chart which demonstrates all processes and activities to be implemented
for reducing issues and improving quality services. It is systematic planning procedure with all
steps including cost estimation and time schedule for goal accomplishment. In this process,
various tools are used to reach out set target adequately. Through this process map, different
ideas are generated for resources and fund allocation that affects its effectiveness and standard on
large scale (Allred and Addams, 2013). Moreover, it is used for analysing performance and
standard of entity to be maintained and improved as well. However, all action plans are evolved
in this process map from beginning to last stage. Therefore, various strategies are implemented to
improve services and effective management of all services provided by organisation effectively.
Including this, various tools and implementations are amended for better quality services and
satisfying patients with its services effectively.
For overcome issue occurred in Southern NHS, it is needed to prepare process map as an
structural layout to manage performance of its doctors, professionals and all assistances. In this
way, various tools can be used for better services and increasing social welfare. However,
strategies used in process map should in accordance to organisation's effectiveness and
protection of patients. In this regard, different tools can be used for planning including
forecasting and decision making that implements its strategies and quality services for
hospitalisation and increasing efficiencies to build up their trust with services (Bundy,
Shropshire and Buchholtz, 2013). Including this, it is useful for optimum utilization of fund that
influences profitability and quality of services provided by it. Therefore, standard and
performance of entity can be improved through this approach of planning procedure and
strategies in proper timing with cost effectiveness. Hence, effective implementation can be
achieved for organisation's effectiveness and better-quality services in hospitalisation and
improving its standard at higher level. However, proper evaluation of all standards and
performances is created through this approach that affects further implementation and its
efficiency for further years. Thus, process planning is essential for systematic activity plans and
implementing them efficiently in proper time (Collier and Bienstock, 2015).
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Process mapping for SHNT
For improving health and social care services of southern NHS, proper planning and
systematic strategies are to be implemented in a certain time period. In this mapping process, all
strategies for effective hospitalisation and better-quality services as well patients' satisfaction
level with its services are included (Deng, Kang and Low, 2013). It influences profitability and
entity's effectiveness on large scale. Therefore, for SHNT services and their improvements,
organisation prepares following process to be followed on as mentioned below:
Plan Activities Estimated cost
incurred
Time frame
Identify actual
performance and
standard of services
provided by hospital
entity
At first, survey is to be
conducted for
analysing patients'
views and their
satisfaction level with
hospitality and its
services.
200-300 1-2 weeks
Setting goals and
preparing strategies
After analysing survey
result, specific goal is
to be set including
strategies'
implementation for
organisation's
effectiveness.
Including this, all
activities are also
involved in this
strategic framework
for reducing health
issues and improving
100 1 week
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hospitalisation at
higher level.
Implementing action
plans
In this process, all set
action plans are to be
implemented that to
reach out set target
according to made
decisions and planning
for Southern NHS.
500-600 7-8 weeks
Performance
evaluation
In this process, all
activities and
performance of all
participants in team
work is identified
critically by which
bridge can be made as
well its efficiencies
can be improved
effectively.
500 2 weeks
Taking feedback and
collecting all
contributors’
experiences
After accomplishing
task, feedback from all
contributors is taken as
well their experiences
with team work and
analysing their skills.
It is able to generate
different ideas for
further
implementations and
improving its services
300 2 weeks
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on large scale
efficiently.
Preparing report and
strategies to achieve
maximum level of
satisfaction from
patients with
hospitalisation and
other services
After all of these
activities, report is
prepared on projection
and increasing its
services at higher level
to build up society's
trust and providing
better quality services
to patients.
200 3 weeks
Thus, above mentioned process map is to be followed for Southern NHS to improve
hospitality and its services more efficiently. However, various tools can be implemented in
future time period that influences profitability and its effectiveness. Including this, all plans are
to be implemented for projection according to time frame (Forrester and Maute, 2013). Hence,
by following on this schedule, proper implementation of hospitalisation and hospital entity's
services would be effective that for further years as well taking care of patients more effectively.
RECOMMENDATION AND IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
For implementing above mentioned strategy to improve services provided by hospital
entity, NHS required to follow on suggestions as mentioned below:
 All planning procedures should be follow in proper timing and in accordance to strategies
(Harris and et.al., 2013).
 Proper coordination of hospital staff is required for goal accomplishment and reaching
out set target efficiently.
 Ethical considerations must have followed on for hospitalisation and providing services
to patients effectively.
 Information technological tools should be used for taking care patients and focusing on
their activities.
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 Care takers requirements related to hospitalisation and services are needed to be noted for
further implementation and achieving their satisfaction with its services at higher level.
Thus, for implementing plans regarding improvements in its services, all considerations and
ethics should be noticed for effective facilities on large scale. Therefore, by following on these
activities and planning schedules, proper hospitalisation and services can be implemented at
maximum level.
CONCLUSION
In this report, it is concluded that strategic implementation and effective quality services
of organisation is possible through projection. In this regard, various tools and approaches are
obtained for effective hospitalisation and improving services of southern NHS. In addition to
this, process map is presented for planning procedure and implementing hospitalisation through
this assignment. Moreover, different idea is described to improve quality standard and services
of hospital entity for protection of patients and proper hospitalisation effectively. In addition to
this, case study is understood briefly which related with taking care of patients and providing
hospitalisation to them at higher level through this assignment. Thus, different strategies are
presented for implementing regarding healthcare and building up trust of people with hospital
entity's services systematically through this report.
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REFERENCE
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Gallego, J., Rubalcaba, L. and Suárez, C., 2013. Knowledge for innovation in Europe: The role of
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Online
Situational Analysis. 2016. [online]. Available through:
<https://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/DD58A9B56E005910C
A257BF0001ACCD7/$File/eval3.pdf>. [Accessed on 4th August 2017].
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