Case Study on Stress on Employee Performance F&B Industry
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Added on 2020-05-28
Case Study on Stress on Employee Performance F&B Industry
Added on 2020-05-28
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Running head: STRESS ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE
Stress on Employee Performance:
A case study of F&B Industry, Malaysia
Name of the Student:
Name of the University:
Author note:
Stress on Employee Performance:
A case study of F&B Industry, Malaysia
Name of the Student:
Name of the University:
Author note:
2“STRESS ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE”
Abstract
Stress is regarded as the normal part of life. It is seen as anything that exerts pressure on human
beings. Everybody requires some amount of stress in their lives. It can be further evaluated as the
force encouraging person to grow and develop. Without any stress one can be bored and
dissatisfied with job and life. The economic environment has been placing more pressure on
business to get success. Thus competition has been turning fierce. Various business owners have
been facing brutal burdens for keeping their organization active with profit. This has been
trickling down the impact that can take place resulting to the creation of employee stress. Current
study deals with analyzing the impact of employee stress on performance of the employees. Food
and beverage industry in Malaysia has been selected as case study. The research is categorized
in five chapters such as introduction, literature review, research methodology, data analysis and
conclusion as well as recommendations. In introduction chapter, research aims, objectives,
questions, rationale, problems statement and significant of the study are described. Literature
review chapter deals with analyzing secondary data; whereas selection of methodological tools is
achieved in third chapter. Forth chapter discusses data gathering from survey and interview.
Final chapter ends with conclusion and recommendation for the research.
Abstract
Stress is regarded as the normal part of life. It is seen as anything that exerts pressure on human
beings. Everybody requires some amount of stress in their lives. It can be further evaluated as the
force encouraging person to grow and develop. Without any stress one can be bored and
dissatisfied with job and life. The economic environment has been placing more pressure on
business to get success. Thus competition has been turning fierce. Various business owners have
been facing brutal burdens for keeping their organization active with profit. This has been
trickling down the impact that can take place resulting to the creation of employee stress. Current
study deals with analyzing the impact of employee stress on performance of the employees. Food
and beverage industry in Malaysia has been selected as case study. The research is categorized
in five chapters such as introduction, literature review, research methodology, data analysis and
conclusion as well as recommendations. In introduction chapter, research aims, objectives,
questions, rationale, problems statement and significant of the study are described. Literature
review chapter deals with analyzing secondary data; whereas selection of methodological tools is
achieved in third chapter. Forth chapter discusses data gathering from survey and interview.
Final chapter ends with conclusion and recommendation for the research.
3“STRESS ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE”
Acknowledgement
Conducting this research has been one of the most enriching experiences of my life. The
contribution of this research to enhance my knowledge base and analytical skill has been
paramount. It gave me the opportunity to face challenges in the process and overcome them. This
would not have been possible without the valuable guidance of my professors, peers and all the
people who have contributed to this enriching experience. I would like to take this opportunity to
thank my supervisor ----------------------- for the constant guidance and support provided to me
during the process of this research. It would not be justified if I did not thank my academic
guides for their important and valuable assistance and encouragement throughout the research
process. I would also like to thank my friends who had provided me with help and
encouragement for collecting primary data and valuable resources. Finally, I would like to thank
the professionals from the retail industry who have participated in the research survey and
provided with valuable inputs into the subject. The support of all these people has been inspiring
and enlightening throughout the process of research in the subject.
Heartfelt thanks and warmest wishes,
Yours Sincerely,
Acknowledgement
Conducting this research has been one of the most enriching experiences of my life. The
contribution of this research to enhance my knowledge base and analytical skill has been
paramount. It gave me the opportunity to face challenges in the process and overcome them. This
would not have been possible without the valuable guidance of my professors, peers and all the
people who have contributed to this enriching experience. I would like to take this opportunity to
thank my supervisor ----------------------- for the constant guidance and support provided to me
during the process of this research. It would not be justified if I did not thank my academic
guides for their important and valuable assistance and encouragement throughout the research
process. I would also like to thank my friends who had provided me with help and
encouragement for collecting primary data and valuable resources. Finally, I would like to thank
the professionals from the retail industry who have participated in the research survey and
provided with valuable inputs into the subject. The support of all these people has been inspiring
and enlightening throughout the process of research in the subject.
Heartfelt thanks and warmest wishes,
Yours Sincerely,
4“STRESS ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE”
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction......................................................................................................11
1.1 Background of the study..........................................................................................11
1.2 Research Aims and Objectives................................................................................12
1.2.1 Aims of the study..................................................................................................12
1.2.2 Objectives of the study.........................................................................................12
1.3 Research Questions..................................................................................................13
1.4 Problem Statement...................................................................................................13
1.5 Rationale of the study..............................................................................................14
1.6 Structure of the study...............................................................................................16
1.7 Key words definition...............................................................................................17
Chapter 2: Literature review..............................................................................................18
2.1 Preface.....................................................................................................................18
2.2 Overview of workplace stress..................................................................................18
2.2.1 Stress-related hazards at work..............................................................................19
2.3 Impact of stress on human body..............................................................................20
2.4 Theories related to job related stress.......................................................................21
2.4.1 Selye’s Theory......................................................................................................21
2.4.2 The Lazarus theory...............................................................................................22
2.4.3 Person-Environment Fit theory (P-E Fit theory)..................................................22
2.4.4 Job Demand-Control (Support) Theory................................................................23
2.5 Empirical research...................................................................................................24
2.6 Different Types of Stress Lead to Different Performance Outcomes:....................26
2.13 Conceptual framework...........................................................................................28
Chapter 3: Research methodology.....................................................................................29
3.1 Preface.....................................................................................................................29
3.2 Method Outline........................................................................................................29
3.3 Research Philosophy................................................................................................30
3.4 Research Approach..................................................................................................31
3.5 Research Design......................................................................................................31
3.6 Data Collection Process...........................................................................................32
3.7 Data analysis process...............................................................................................33
3.8 Sample and Sample Size..........................................................................................34
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction......................................................................................................11
1.1 Background of the study..........................................................................................11
1.2 Research Aims and Objectives................................................................................12
1.2.1 Aims of the study..................................................................................................12
1.2.2 Objectives of the study.........................................................................................12
1.3 Research Questions..................................................................................................13
1.4 Problem Statement...................................................................................................13
1.5 Rationale of the study..............................................................................................14
1.6 Structure of the study...............................................................................................16
1.7 Key words definition...............................................................................................17
Chapter 2: Literature review..............................................................................................18
2.1 Preface.....................................................................................................................18
2.2 Overview of workplace stress..................................................................................18
2.2.1 Stress-related hazards at work..............................................................................19
2.3 Impact of stress on human body..............................................................................20
2.4 Theories related to job related stress.......................................................................21
2.4.1 Selye’s Theory......................................................................................................21
2.4.2 The Lazarus theory...............................................................................................22
2.4.3 Person-Environment Fit theory (P-E Fit theory)..................................................22
2.4.4 Job Demand-Control (Support) Theory................................................................23
2.5 Empirical research...................................................................................................24
2.6 Different Types of Stress Lead to Different Performance Outcomes:....................26
2.13 Conceptual framework...........................................................................................28
Chapter 3: Research methodology.....................................................................................29
3.1 Preface.....................................................................................................................29
3.2 Method Outline........................................................................................................29
3.3 Research Philosophy................................................................................................30
3.4 Research Approach..................................................................................................31
3.5 Research Design......................................................................................................31
3.6 Data Collection Process...........................................................................................32
3.7 Data analysis process...............................................................................................33
3.8 Sample and Sample Size..........................................................................................34
5“STRESS ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE”
3. 9 Ethical Consideration..............................................................................................34
3.10 Timeline.................................................................................................................35
(Refer to Appendix)........................................................................................................35
Chapter 4: Findings and analysis.......................................................................................36
4.1 Preface.....................................................................................................................36
4.2 Quantitative analysis................................................................................................36
Regression Analysis:.....................................................................................................81
4.4 Analysis...................................................................................................................89
4.5 Summary..................................................................................................................90
Chapter 5: Conclusion.......................................................................................................91
5.1 Conclusion...............................................................................................................91
5.2 Limitations and future scope...................................................................................91
References......................................................................................................................92
Appendices....................................................................................................................97
Appendix 1.....................................................................................................................97
Table 1: Gantt chart...................................................................................................97
Appendix 2.....................................................................................................................98
Interview questions......................................................................................................112
3. 9 Ethical Consideration..............................................................................................34
3.10 Timeline.................................................................................................................35
(Refer to Appendix)........................................................................................................35
Chapter 4: Findings and analysis.......................................................................................36
4.1 Preface.....................................................................................................................36
4.2 Quantitative analysis................................................................................................36
Regression Analysis:.....................................................................................................81
4.4 Analysis...................................................................................................................89
4.5 Summary..................................................................................................................90
Chapter 5: Conclusion.......................................................................................................91
5.1 Conclusion...............................................................................................................91
5.2 Limitations and future scope...................................................................................91
References......................................................................................................................92
Appendices....................................................................................................................97
Appendix 1.....................................................................................................................97
Table 1: Gantt chart...................................................................................................97
Appendix 2.....................................................................................................................98
Interview questions......................................................................................................112
6“STRESS ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE”
List of tables
Table 4.1: Time for working in organization............................................................................46
Table 4.2: Impact of stress on employee performance..............................................................47
Table 4.3: challenges for working in F&B industry..................................................................48
Table 4.4: factors for motivating to work.................................................................................50
Table 4.5 Impact of instant decision-making skill on work stress............................................51
Table 4.6: Increasing competition in market leads to more stress...........................................52
Table 4.7: issues faced while in stress.......................................................................................53
Table 4.8: Impact of workplace stress on outside of the organization......................................55
Table 4.9: Role of organizations to mitigate stress in work......................................................56
Table 4.10: Measures to mitigate stress in workplace..............................................................57
Table 4.11: Role of work-life balance on minimizing stress....................................................59
Table 4.12: problems for being stressed in workplace..............................................................61
Figure 4.12: problems for being stressed in workplace............................................................61
Table 4.13: Role of employees to mitigate stress in work........................................................62
Table 4.14: Role of the government to reduce work pressure and stress..................................63
Table 4.15: Role of effective communication to mitigate stress in work.................................65
Table 4.16: Impact of job related stress on performance of an employee in food and beverage
industry..........................................................................................................................................66
Table 4.17: Impact of organizational stress on overall performance........................................68
Table 4.18: Impact of career development related stress current performance........................69
Table 4.19: Impact of psychological stress on performance at the workplace.........................71
Table 4.20: behaviour related stress factors reduce productivity in organization.....................72
Table 4.21: Importance of focusing on individual stress as it generates low morale...............74
Table 4.22: outcomes seen when in stress.................................................................................75
Table 4.23: absenteeism in workplace can be generated for affecting in stress........................77
Table 4.24: factors responsible for low productivity in your organization...............................78
Figure 4.24: factors responsible for low productivity in your organization..............................78
Table 4.25: apathy/ loss of interest in work can be resulted for being stressed in the workplace
.......................................................................................................................................................80
Table 4.26: organizations need to focus on the job related stress factors to generate potential
productivity of the organization.....................................................................................................81
Table 4.27: organizations need to focus on improving morale of the employees.....................83
Table 4.28: poor work relations is one of the results for being stressed in work......................84
Table 4.29: organization need to focus on career development as it can reduce additional
stress of an employee.....................................................................................................................86
Table 4.30: workshops for motivating employees and practice to manage stress in the
workplace.......................................................................................................................................87
Table 1: Gantt chart.................................................................................................................100
List of tables
Table 4.1: Time for working in organization............................................................................46
Table 4.2: Impact of stress on employee performance..............................................................47
Table 4.3: challenges for working in F&B industry..................................................................48
Table 4.4: factors for motivating to work.................................................................................50
Table 4.5 Impact of instant decision-making skill on work stress............................................51
Table 4.6: Increasing competition in market leads to more stress...........................................52
Table 4.7: issues faced while in stress.......................................................................................53
Table 4.8: Impact of workplace stress on outside of the organization......................................55
Table 4.9: Role of organizations to mitigate stress in work......................................................56
Table 4.10: Measures to mitigate stress in workplace..............................................................57
Table 4.11: Role of work-life balance on minimizing stress....................................................59
Table 4.12: problems for being stressed in workplace..............................................................61
Figure 4.12: problems for being stressed in workplace............................................................61
Table 4.13: Role of employees to mitigate stress in work........................................................62
Table 4.14: Role of the government to reduce work pressure and stress..................................63
Table 4.15: Role of effective communication to mitigate stress in work.................................65
Table 4.16: Impact of job related stress on performance of an employee in food and beverage
industry..........................................................................................................................................66
Table 4.17: Impact of organizational stress on overall performance........................................68
Table 4.18: Impact of career development related stress current performance........................69
Table 4.19: Impact of psychological stress on performance at the workplace.........................71
Table 4.20: behaviour related stress factors reduce productivity in organization.....................72
Table 4.21: Importance of focusing on individual stress as it generates low morale...............74
Table 4.22: outcomes seen when in stress.................................................................................75
Table 4.23: absenteeism in workplace can be generated for affecting in stress........................77
Table 4.24: factors responsible for low productivity in your organization...............................78
Figure 4.24: factors responsible for low productivity in your organization..............................78
Table 4.25: apathy/ loss of interest in work can be resulted for being stressed in the workplace
.......................................................................................................................................................80
Table 4.26: organizations need to focus on the job related stress factors to generate potential
productivity of the organization.....................................................................................................81
Table 4.27: organizations need to focus on improving morale of the employees.....................83
Table 4.28: poor work relations is one of the results for being stressed in work......................84
Table 4.29: organization need to focus on career development as it can reduce additional
stress of an employee.....................................................................................................................86
Table 4.30: workshops for motivating employees and practice to manage stress in the
workplace.......................................................................................................................................87
Table 1: Gantt chart.................................................................................................................100
7“STRESS ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE”
List of figures
Figure 2.1: Effect of stress on physical and mental health of employees....................................19
Figure 2.2: Performance management system.............................................................................27
Figure 2.3: Statistics of work stress.............................................................................................29
Figure 2.4: Approach for managing stress..................................................................................30
Figure 2.5: Stress management techniques..................................................................................33
Figure 2.6: causes of stress...........................................................................................................34
Figure 2.7: Sources of stress........................................................................................................36
Figure 4.1: Time for working in organization..............................................................................47
Figure 4.2: Impact of stress on employee performance...............................................................48
Figure 4.3: challenges for working in F&B industry...................................................................50
Figure 4.4: factors for motivating to work...................................................................................51
Figure 4.5 Impact of instant decision-making skill on work stress..............................................52
Figure 4.6: Increasing competition in market leads to more stress.............................................53
Figure 4.7: issues faced while in stress........................................................................................55
Figure 4.8: Impact of workplace stress on outside of the organization........................................56
Figure 4.9: Role of organizations to mitigate stress in work.......................................................57
Figure 4.10: Measures to mitigate stress in workplace................................................................59
Figure 4.11: Role of work-life balance on minimizing stress......................................................60
Figure 4.13: Role of employees to mitigate stress in work..........................................................63
Figure 4.14: Role of the government to reduce work pressure and stress...................................65
Figure 4.15: Role of effective communication to mitigate stress in work...................................66
Figure 4.16: Impact of job related stress on performance of an employee in food and beverage
industry..........................................................................................................................................67
Figure 4.17: Impact of organizational stress on overall performance..........................................69
Figure 4.18: Impact of career development related stress current performance..........................70
Figure 4.19: Impact of psychological stress on performance at the workplace...........................72
Figure 4.20: behaviour related stress factors reduce productivity in organization......................73
Figure 4.21: Importance of focusing on individual stress as it generates low morale.................75
Figure 4.22: outcomes seen when in stress..................................................................................76
Figure 4.23: absenteeism in workplace can be generated for affecting in stress.........................78
Figure 4.25: apathy/ loss of interest in work can be resulted for being stressed in the workplace
.......................................................................................................................................................81
Figure 4.26: organizations need to focus on the job related stress factors to generate potential
productivity of the organization.....................................................................................................83
Figure 4.27: organizations need to focus on improving morale of the employees......................84
Figure 4.28: poor work relations is one of the results for being stressed in work.......................85
Table 4.29: organization need to focus on career development as it can reduce additional stress
of an employee...............................................................................................................................87
Figure 4.30: workshops for motivating employees and practice to manage stress in the
workplace.......................................................................................................................................89
List of figures
Figure 2.1: Effect of stress on physical and mental health of employees....................................19
Figure 2.2: Performance management system.............................................................................27
Figure 2.3: Statistics of work stress.............................................................................................29
Figure 2.4: Approach for managing stress..................................................................................30
Figure 2.5: Stress management techniques..................................................................................33
Figure 2.6: causes of stress...........................................................................................................34
Figure 2.7: Sources of stress........................................................................................................36
Figure 4.1: Time for working in organization..............................................................................47
Figure 4.2: Impact of stress on employee performance...............................................................48
Figure 4.3: challenges for working in F&B industry...................................................................50
Figure 4.4: factors for motivating to work...................................................................................51
Figure 4.5 Impact of instant decision-making skill on work stress..............................................52
Figure 4.6: Increasing competition in market leads to more stress.............................................53
Figure 4.7: issues faced while in stress........................................................................................55
Figure 4.8: Impact of workplace stress on outside of the organization........................................56
Figure 4.9: Role of organizations to mitigate stress in work.......................................................57
Figure 4.10: Measures to mitigate stress in workplace................................................................59
Figure 4.11: Role of work-life balance on minimizing stress......................................................60
Figure 4.13: Role of employees to mitigate stress in work..........................................................63
Figure 4.14: Role of the government to reduce work pressure and stress...................................65
Figure 4.15: Role of effective communication to mitigate stress in work...................................66
Figure 4.16: Impact of job related stress on performance of an employee in food and beverage
industry..........................................................................................................................................67
Figure 4.17: Impact of organizational stress on overall performance..........................................69
Figure 4.18: Impact of career development related stress current performance..........................70
Figure 4.19: Impact of psychological stress on performance at the workplace...........................72
Figure 4.20: behaviour related stress factors reduce productivity in organization......................73
Figure 4.21: Importance of focusing on individual stress as it generates low morale.................75
Figure 4.22: outcomes seen when in stress..................................................................................76
Figure 4.23: absenteeism in workplace can be generated for affecting in stress.........................78
Figure 4.25: apathy/ loss of interest in work can be resulted for being stressed in the workplace
.......................................................................................................................................................81
Figure 4.26: organizations need to focus on the job related stress factors to generate potential
productivity of the organization.....................................................................................................83
Figure 4.27: organizations need to focus on improving morale of the employees......................84
Figure 4.28: poor work relations is one of the results for being stressed in work.......................85
Table 4.29: organization need to focus on career development as it can reduce additional stress
of an employee...............................................................................................................................87
Figure 4.30: workshops for motivating employees and practice to manage stress in the
workplace.......................................................................................................................................89
8“STRESS ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE”
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Background of the study
Sonnentag and Fritz (2015) stated that stress is known as a biological term that refers
consequences of failure of a human in responding appropriately physically or emotionally threats
to organism. In other words, stress refers to strain from a situation of conflict between external
environment and people that leads to emotional as well as physical pressure. As the world
becomes fast paced, it is not possible to live free of stress especially in a workplace. However,
there are two types of stress such positive and negative stress depending on unique perception of
individual of tension between two forces. Stress at work is comparatively new phenomenon of
modern lifestyle (Abbas and Raja 2015). Hence, job stress becomes a chronic disease caused by
pressure in the workplace. It negatively affects performance of individuals as well as overall
well-being of mind and body.
According to a report published by The Health and Safety Workplace (HSE) in 2015-16,
people are suffering from work-related stress or illness (Petrou et al. 2015) 1.3 million working.
Approximately, 2515 mesothelioma deaths have been occurred due to past asbestos exposures.
On the other hand, 30.4 million working days hampered due to work-related illness as well as
workplace injury. It has been estimated that £14.1 billion cost of injuries and ill health have been
taken place from present working conditions. The latest report published by Labour Force
Survey imposed that the total number of work related stress, depression or anxiety cases are
48,000 found in 2015-15 as a prevalence rate of 1510 per 100,000 workers (Joseph et al. 2015).
In 2015-2016, it has been reported that stress caused for 37% of all work associated with ill
health cases, whereas 45% of working days hampered for stress in workplace.
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Background of the study
Sonnentag and Fritz (2015) stated that stress is known as a biological term that refers
consequences of failure of a human in responding appropriately physically or emotionally threats
to organism. In other words, stress refers to strain from a situation of conflict between external
environment and people that leads to emotional as well as physical pressure. As the world
becomes fast paced, it is not possible to live free of stress especially in a workplace. However,
there are two types of stress such positive and negative stress depending on unique perception of
individual of tension between two forces. Stress at work is comparatively new phenomenon of
modern lifestyle (Abbas and Raja 2015). Hence, job stress becomes a chronic disease caused by
pressure in the workplace. It negatively affects performance of individuals as well as overall
well-being of mind and body.
According to a report published by The Health and Safety Workplace (HSE) in 2015-16,
people are suffering from work-related stress or illness (Petrou et al. 2015) 1.3 million working.
Approximately, 2515 mesothelioma deaths have been occurred due to past asbestos exposures.
On the other hand, 30.4 million working days hampered due to work-related illness as well as
workplace injury. It has been estimated that £14.1 billion cost of injuries and ill health have been
taken place from present working conditions. The latest report published by Labour Force
Survey imposed that the total number of work related stress, depression or anxiety cases are
48,000 found in 2015-15 as a prevalence rate of 1510 per 100,000 workers (Joseph et al. 2015).
In 2015-2016, it has been reported that stress caused for 37% of all work associated with ill
health cases, whereas 45% of working days hampered for stress in workplace.
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