Cause Effects and Significance of incorrect data entry in the Laboratory

This dissertation explores the causes, effects, and significance of incorrect data entry in the laboratory, focusing on Quadram Institute Bioscience. It examines different types of data entry errors, their impact on business, and provides recommendations for minimizing errors. The study is based on qualitative research and includes a literature review, research methodology, data analysis, and discussion.

Cause Effects and Significance of
incorrect data entry in the Laboratory

Abstract
Incorrect data entry error is consider one of the major issue for laboratories and also
analysed that thousands of people die due to medical error. That is why, the present
dissertation will shed a light upon the causes and significance of incorrect data entry error
that leads to cause negative impact upon business. With the help of literature review, it is
identified that there are many error which a laboratory face and leads to generate negative
outcome in input. That is why, management should not neglecting the error because it
somehow affect the brand image of the company. Moreover, through research methodology
section, it is also examine that the entire research is based upon the qualitative study which in
turn helps to examine the views of respondents that helps to identify whether the aim and
objectives are attain or not. Also, through data analysis section, it is analysed that majority of
the respondents are agree that analytical error, human mistake and feeding entry in system are
considered some of the major error that affect the entire results in opposite manner.

Acknowledgement
I would like to thank my supervisor for his continuous support and guidance to
complete my dissertation on the topic “ Cause Effects and Significance of incorrect data entry
in the Laboratory”. I would also like to thank my colleagues and friends for their patient
support and wonderful collaboration. Last, but not the least I would like to thank my parents
for their continuous support and motivation.

Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................6
Background............................................................................................................................6
Aim and objectives.................................................................................................................6
Rationale.................................................................................................................................7
Significance............................................................................................................................7
Structure of dissertation..........................................................................................................8
Gantt chart .............................................................................................................................9
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW.................................................................................11
Introduction..........................................................................................................................11
Theme 1: Incorrect data entry..............................................................................................11
Theme 2: Different types of data entry error in laboratories................................................12
Theme 3: To assess the causes and effect of incorrect data entry within Quadram Institute
Bioscience............................................................................................................................14
Conclusion............................................................................................................................16
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY......................................................................17
Research type.......................................................................................................................17
Research Philosophy............................................................................................................17
Research Approach...............................................................................................................18
Research design....................................................................................................................18
Data Collection.....................................................................................................................19
Data analysis.........................................................................................................................19
Sampling...............................................................................................................................20
Ethical considerations...........................................................................................................20
Limitation.............................................................................................................................20
CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION..............................................22
CHAPTER 5: DISCUSSION...................................................................................................36

CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................40
Conclusion............................................................................................................................40
Recommendations................................................................................................................41
REFERENCES.........................................................................................................................43
APPENDIX..............................................................................................................................46

Topic: “Cause Effects and Significance of incorrect data entry in the Laboratory”
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
Background
Identifying and correcting error within laboratory or healthcare industry is consider
one of the biggest issue. It is identified that in UK there are more than 97 thousands of people
die due to medical error. Hence, the errors is a disappointing situation at worldwide and that
is why there is a need to minimize the situation. Although there is a common perception in
which most of medical error arise from an inappropriate or delayed clinical management,
mistakes associated with diagnosis. Thus, during the past decade, after publication of Institute
of Medicine report, it has been analysed that patient safety has finally become one of the
object of medical and public attention. This is because of neglecting the error and
mismanagement. So the current study is also focused upon different error performed during
the medical treatment and this in turn affect the result in opposite manner.
The chosen firm for this report is Quadram Institute Bioscience which is deal in
research and perform different medical treatment. It is also known as a food research which is
located in Norwich and operating from newly built facility which offer clinical trials. Quoted
laboratory also perform 40000 test per people and also research on the food, gut and microbes
that determine the relationship of three to human health. Hence, through the study scholar
determine the types of mistakes performed by professionals which somehow lead to negative
results as well.
Aim and objectives
The aim of this study is to determine the cause and significance of incorrect data entry
in Laboratory: A study of Quadram Institute Bioscience.
Objective
 To understand the concept of incorrect data entry in laboratory.
 To examine different types of incorrect data entry performed by professionals in
laboratory
 To assess the causes and effect of incorrect data entry within Quadram Institute
Bioscience.

 To recommend the ways through which the incorrect data entry may minimized.
Research questions
 What do you understand by incorrect data entry in laboratory ?
 What are different types of incorrect data entry performed by professionals in
laboratory?
 What is the causes and effect of incorrect data entry within Quadram Institute
Bioscience?
 State different the ways through which the incorrect data entry may minimized?
Rationale
The scholar chooses this specific topic because in laboratory, there are many errors
found that affect the overall business in negative manner. Thus, there is a need to determine
the errors which affect the entire results in opposite manner. Study on this specific topic will
help to examine the types of error that somehow affect the reports and also this in turn assist
to increase the knowledge with regards to the specific field. Also, another reason for
conducting the study on this topic is such that it will assist to determine the causes and effects
of incorrect data entry within laboratory.
In addition to this, it is one of the common problem for laboratory because there are
range of samples collected by the practitioners which in turn causes error. That is why, with
the help of such error, the brand image of the laboratory will affected in negative manner.
Hence, it is examine that with the help of this study, scholar will raise the research skills that
will assist in future.
Significance
The importance of conducting the research on this specific topic is such that it will
help other scholars who conduct the study on this topic. As a result, investigators uses the
information as a secondary study and deliver the results as well. On the other side, study on
this topic will also beneficial to other laboratory and its competitor in order to examine
different types of data error perform by the companies, along with solution. Hence, by using
the same strategy will help the firm to improve the business operations and minimize the
error up to some level.

Therefore, another significance of conducting the research on this topic is such that, it
provide actual results which clearly reflected the issues which a firm face while data entry.
Also, it is analysed that with the help of effective solution, laboratories determine their faults
and mistakes which can be overcome and as a result, provide positive response to their
customers.
Structure of dissertation
Chapter 1: Introduction
The first chapter of the dissertation in which scholar provide aim, objectives and
rationale of the selected topic. With the help of this, scholar provides a background of the
study that helps to determine the need of conducting the research. In this, significance of the
study is also mention that helps to analyse the importance of conducting the research.
Chapter 2: Literature review
Second chapter, which is completely based upon the secondary research in which
different books, journal and articles are selected that assist to determine the causes effects and
significance of incorrect data entry within laboratory. For that, specific themes are developed
that helps to present the findings in better manner by considering the author's point of view.
Chapter 3: Research Methodology
Another chapter of a current dissertation which helps to analyse the methods which
are used by the scholar in order to conduct the entire research in better manner. This chapter
also allow the reader to critically evaluate study's overall validity and reliability. In this
chapter, different key aspects are considered by the scholar such that research type,
philosophy, approach, data collection method, data analysis, sampling and ethical
consideration.
Chapter 4: Data analysis
The forth and most important chapter of the dissertation that helps to interpret the
entire findings in better and presentable manner which in turn helps to examine the overall
results are in favour of research questions or not. In addition to this, scholar uses graphs,
tables in order to present the findings in better manner so that reader will easily access the
data and understand the views of selected data.
Chapter 5: Discussion

The present chapter is interconnected with second and forth chapter because scholar
support the findings from literature review section which in turn assist to generate the best
results. The discussion section aid researcher to evaluate whether the define aim and
objectives are met or not.
Chapter 6: Conclusion and recommendations
Last chapter of a research, in which scholar summarize the entire findings in a
summarized manner. All the sections are concluded in this section that finally provide a
conclusion whether the set objectives are attained or not. Moreover, it is also included
recommendations to the company though which the data error will be minimized and fill the
correct data that helps to develop appropriate results to their customers as well.
Gantt chart
S.no. Task Name Duration Start Finish Predecessors
1 Selecting topic 1 day Tue 12/1/20 Tue 12/1/20
2 Developing Aim and
objectives 1 day Wed 12/2/20 Wed 12/2/20 1
3 Literature Review 3 days Thu 12/3/20 Mon 12/7/20 1,2
4 Detail research
methodology 2 days Tue 12/8/20 Wed 12/9/20 3,2
5 Developing
questionnaire 2 days Thu 12/10/2
0 Fri 12/11/20 4
6 Data analysis 2 days Mon 12/14/2
0
Tue 12/15/2
0 4,5
7 Discussion 1 day Wed 12/16/2
0
Wed 12/16/2
0 5,6
8 Conclusion and 1 day Thu 12/17/2 Thu 12/17/2 7

recommendation 0 0
9 Formatting 3 days Fri 12/18/20 Tue 12/22/2
0 8
10 Submitting Project 1 day Wed 12/23/2
0
Wed 12/23/2
0 9
11 Waiting for feedback 2 days Thu 12/24/2
0 Fri 12/25/20 10
12 Modification 3 days Mon 12/28/2
0
Wed 12/30/2
0 11
13 Submitting project after
modification 1 day Thu 12/31/2
0
Thu 12/31/2
0 12

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
Introduction
Literature review is a survey of all the scholarly sources that are specifically related
with specific topic or research questions. Through this, scholar determine the facts and figure
about the secondary data which are already performed in past. Along with this, the section
also identify the gap in knowledge and unresolved problems through which the research can
easily address. In this section, scholar develop theme by considering the research objectives
in which latest published article are selected which assist to determine the meaning of
incorrect data entry and types of data error performed by the laboratories.
Theme 1: Incorrect data entry
In accordance with Intra and et.al., (2016) information entered in the wrong way or
order is known as an incorrect data entry and it is mostly performed like typing words rather
than numerical data instead of words. As laboratory deal with human treatment and that is
why, a small mistake may lead to wrong decision and this in turn affect the lives of human
being as well. Moreover, common data entry mistakes are transcription error and
transposition error which should avoid to improve accuracy. Kim and et.al., (2018) share
their experience by stating that error means action or conclusion which demonstrably
incorrect from a logical point of view i.e. logical fallacies, some mathematical mistakes,
statement which is not supported by data, wrong dataset etc. Hence, it is necessary to identify
the mistake or focus upon error by own because of professionals do not identify the mistakes
or correct error, then others may claim them as well.
Moreover, laboratories are assigned different skilled experts in order to minimize the
chances of error. Miyazaki and et.al., (2020) argued that error may also happen due to not
complying with ethics and this in turn affect the results in opposite manner. So, in
laboratories most of the mistakes are actually happened that may affect overall patient’s life
in opposite manner. Also, misidentification is consider one of the most common error that
may affect the overall results in opposite manner (Data entry and its importance, 2020).
Hence, entered information in wrong way may create negative impact upon the laboratory
brand image in negative manner. That is why, it is essential for the business to solve the issue
and provide positive outcome as well.

Caspi and Hünermund (2020) share their views and stated that laboratory data error
are define as any defect performed by the people from ordering test to reporting and
interpretation of results. As a result, a singly error in number may lead to affect the entire
results and as a result, wrong intervention will be undertaken that affect the entire results.
That is why, missing values as well as valid values are properly analysed because a small
mistake in zero may lead to creates wrong impact upon the results that may cause negative
impact upon environment. Vlaminck and et.al., (2020) explain in their study that generally
small mistakes are performed due to data ambiguity which is a case in which two separate
piece of data in a computer system may have a same representation. For example, this type of
mistakes are generally performed when the system have a same name like, James Smith and
Frederick John Smith. In laboratories there are range of data available and that is why, with a
single error in a name may lead to generate wrong impact.
Theme 2: Different types of data entry error in laboratories
According to Mwogi and et.al., (2020) there are many types of mistakes performed by
the professional in laboratory. Such that error in the statistical analysis is consider one of the
common data entry error. Under this, professionals do not relied lend support conclusion and
this can occur if underlying assumptions of an analyses are not met, hence the wrong values
are used within calculation. As a result, statistical test result is misinterpreted with regards to
data and this in turn affect the outcome in opposite manner. Thus, metaanlaytic estimates
from these effects size calculation may also consider incorrect and also have sometimes
required correction. Esmaeilzadeh, Mirzaei and Dharanikota (2020) argue that analytical
error are consider another error which most of the professionals perform that leads to affect
the results. Also, laboratory spend decades to improve analytical quality by establishing the
internal quality controls as well as external quality assessment. But there errors are did not
identified and minimized, though both provide reliable information which assess as well as
monitor the quality status of internal procedure.
Whipple, Leissinger and Beatty (2020) explain in their study that laboratory also deal
in human treatment such that proper patient identification is mainstay of patient safety within
an organization which is being necessary component for providing safe and diagnosis
services. During this time, misidentification occurs when professionals do not conduct with
identification during room. Hence it is analysed that it is professionals should detect trend
and bias which may not be apparent in single results that investigate root cause producing
performance. Najar-Rodriguez and et.al., (2020) argued that by establishing and verifying test

method performance specification in order to test accuracy, precision and specificity where
error may also occur in the analytical phase during laboratory testing. So error of
communication is also consider another error of incorrect data entry which essentially affect
data and methods that are flows in logic in order to use to connect results with conclusion.
Hence, these incorrect error affect the overall business brand image into negative manner that
may somehow leads to wrong result as well.
Miller and et.al., (2019) share their views and stated that mislabelled Specimen is
considered another type of data error which is also mostly perform by different laboratories.
Under this, incorrect detail of an individual is mention or recorded which in turn may lead to
generate wrong results. For example, if specimen detail is not recorded then laboratory did
not match the patient details on request form. Hence this affect the overall business
performance in negative manner. Such that results generated by the company is also
misleading the detail which somehow leads to cause wrong impact upon outcomes.
Ambachew and et.al., (2019) argues that this is not only the reason of conducting the error,
but pre- analytical error are consider one of the another reason that somehow affect the
laboratories results. Such that inappropriate performance before the specimen are measured
by analysers such that improper sample collection and transport delays and illegal
handwriting that misinterpreted the data. As there are range of sample collected within
laboratories and that is why, the chances of conducting such type of error is common. As a
result, secondary research stated that more than one- forth of all pre- analytical errors are
estimated to the results in unnecessary investigation and it ill further creates additional
financial burden as well.
Along with this, it is analysed that on an average pre-analytical error cost is represent
between 0.23% and 1.2% of total hospital operating cost. Therefore, an unnecessary
expenditure will represent the sum of increases cost which is based upon various factors. This
in turn clearly reflected that there are many error which a laboratory may faces. Liu and et.al.,
(2020) argues that analytical error is also performed by the lab in the context of data error
which also somehow affect the results in opposite manner. Such that this type of error is link
with equipment malfunction, procedure which are not followed by the company and some
undetected failure of quality control as well as test interferences. Therefore, it is examine that
with the use of low quality control tool that affect the results and sometimes generated low
outcome as well. Hence, there is a need to make sure that all the define errors should be
minimize otherwise it will affect the results in opposite manner.

However on the critically note, it is examine by Reusken and et.al., (2020) that
sometimes wrong sample of different patients or not proper identification of patients is also
lead to provide wrong results which somehow affect the results. Most of the cases,
laboratories mix the blood with other and this in turn generate the wrong output as well.
Along with this, most of the trainer who work under laboratory are not enough able to use the
appropriate technique and this in turn affect the outcomes. Hence, it is stated that wrong ratio
of sample collection may lead to generate the opposite impact and that is why, it somehow
affect the overall image and reputation of the company in negative manner. That is why, it is
analysed that by developing proper results and hire best and trained employees for the firm
will lead to generate the best outcome.
Theme 3: To assess the causes and effect of incorrect data entry within Quadram Institute
Bioscience.
Fox, Aggarwal,, Whelton, and Johnson, (2018, June) stated the fact that, inaccurate
data is mainly associated with the misleading information which in turn largely affect the
business results as well as the key outcomes. One of the key prominent cause associated with
the inaccurate data entry within the laboratory is linked with the delay in the input. The
inaccurate data information mainly comprise of the wrong data, wrong address, wrong titles,
wrong system, wrong account, etc. which in turn largely affects the laboratory performance
and operations. The staff or employees within the organization in turn might significantly
delay associated with the data entry within the system. This leads to high degree of
inaccurate set of results and affects the operations of the business at a greater scale. Unclear
set of abbreviations is referred to be as another major concern which in turn largely leads to
inaccurate set of data entry. The individual person must also focus on effectively providing
high degree of training to the employees of the laboratories in order to ensure that, correct set
of data entry has been listed within the company. This way it leads to limited set of confusion
and improved business accuracy. Haegemans, and et.al., (2016) examined the fact that,
another key prominent cause which is mainly linked with the inaccurate set of the data within
the laboratories is that the information has ben feed in the wrong system or in wrong field.
The employees within the organization might eliminate the data and might lead to high
degree of human error within the organization. The employees within the company must
effectively focus on taking every possible measure in order to reduce the specific risk and
tends to improve the results and outcomes within the laboratory. It is considered to be
impossible to effectively eliminate the human error within the data entry. It is of high degree

of measurable risk and becomes significantly highly difficult to manage all the risk in a
prominent manner. One of the most significant cause linked with the incorrect data entry
within Quadram Institute Bioscience is that, the person focuses on significantly entering the
data within the system in turn might create high degree of mistakes. Human mistakes is one
of the major cause linked with the incorrect data entry. Xu, and et.al., (2017) argued that, it is
considered to be of crucial importance to ensure that, employees within the laboratory has
been properly trained. This way it will be useful in effectively giving them proper set of
training and provide them with the good set of working environment. It is relevant to ensure
that the accurate data sets are recorded and also focuses on prioritizing that all the records
within the system are accurate and up to date. This way it is relevant in ensuring that accurate
degree of data has been significantly improved.
Khajouei, Abbasi, and Mirzaee, (2018) stated the fact that, there seems to be negative
effect of the inaccurate data. However, ensuring data quality is considered to be of utmost
importance. However, poor and incomplete data collection can eventually results in loss of
revenue for the laboratory and also leads to ineffective decision making. However, a lack of
quality data will in turn eventually tends to cause high degree of inability to assess the key
relevant information regarding the performance and operations of the laboratory. Poor set of
data inputs in turn also tends to result in the poor set of decision making towards the
company. This in turn has high degree of direct impact upon the working and operations of
the organization. The customer in turn has become increasingly complex. Caspi, and
Hünermund, (2020) examined the fact that, Missing set of data also results in undervaluation
of the certain channels. Inaccurate data set results which in turn largely influence the
operations of the business. One of the major effect associated with the inaccurate data might
in turn largely impact the brand growth of the company. Inaccurate set of data outputs in turn
significantly prohibits the decision making of the customer. Inaccurate data sets also effect
the laboratory because it leads to mistrust and also hampers the decision making process.
However, effectively maintaining the good quality of the data leads to difference between the
compliance with the large number of audience and also helps in effectively maintaining the
trust. However, Fox, Aggarwal,, Whelton, and Johnson, (2018, June) stated the fact that,
inaccurate set of data in turn largely effects the laboratory and might also results in legal
actions and fines of the company. However, in order to effectively cultivate the good quality
of the data results in better accuracy, consistency, uniqueness, timeliness and completeness of
the data within laboratory. It is of crucial importance to effectively maintain accurate data

sets. This eventually leads to the better decision making and and creates high degree of
opportunities for the laboratory. Whipple, Leissinger and Beatty (2020) explain in their study
that, inaccurate data entry within the laboratory in turn results in poor set of customer
relationships. This is because it tends to become highly difficult to deal with the key
problems. One of the key significant effect of the inaccurate data entry within the laboratory
is that, it tends to lead with the wrong application of the strategies which largely affects the
operations and function of the laboratory (Review of medical error in laboratory diagnostics,
2020). It might also lead to increased degree of the financial cost towards the business and
eventually leads to productivity loss for the laboratory. It also tends to damage the reputation
of the laboratory and can leads to inaccurate set of information associated with the business
operations. Inaccurate data entries leads to low degree of credibility associated with the
laboratory and also leads to failure linked with the compliance management. However,
accurate set of information helps in measuring the accurate set of business results in a key
prominent manner.
Conclusion
By summing up above section, it has been concluded that incorrect data entry within
laboratories are cause due to many reason and this creates direct impact upon the
performance of a business. Such that section concluded that pre- analytical and analytical are
some of the common error that may somehow leads to affect the results in opposite manner.
Apart from this, every laboratory perform different mistakes which cause negative results
upon the patients and sometimes by providing wrong medication to the patients may lead to
death as well. Hence, it is examine that there are many causes and effect of conducting wrong
results such that not having appropriate and define tools and technique that assist to measure
the quality, while not having trained employees that somehow affect the overall results as
well.

CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
It is the specific tools and technique which is used to determine and select the
information with regards to a topic. This section allow the reader to critically evaluate the
entire validity and reliability of the study which in turn generate the best outcome for the
research. In this section, scholar considered different key aspects that helps to conduct the
entire research in better manner. These are as mention below:
Research type
Research is based upon the logical reasoning and there are three type of research type
such that qualitative, quantitative and mixed type. In this, qualitative study involves the
collecting and analysing the non-numerical data which in turn helps to understand the
concept and opinions which in turn helps to generate new ideas. Whereas, quantitative study
is completely relies upon collecting and analysing the numerical data that helps to find the
pattern as well as casual relationship between variables (Xu and et.al., 2017). Last type is
mixed which is a mixtures of both qualitative as well as quantitative study. Moreover it is
used to understand the research problem.
Among all, qualitative research type has been used by the scholar in order to generate
the best outcomes. With the help of such research type, investigator gain a deep
understanding about the selected topic and conduct the research in more precise manner.
Therefore, in order to examine the causes effects and significance of incorrect data entry in
laboratory qualitative study is beneficial for the study.
Research Philosophy
It is the belief or a notion through which data about a phenomenon should be gathered
and analysed. So it helps to enhance the ability in order to solve the problem and meet the
define aim. There are four type of research philosophy such that Interpretvism involves
researchers to interpret the element of a study and determine the views of a selected
respondents (Snyder, 2019). Another type is Positivism, which is completely relies upon the
factual knowledge gained through observation and provide valid outcomes as well. Third
type is pragmatism which is based upon the theories and methodological approach that helps
to determine the results in positive manner. Last is Realism that completely relies upon the
idea of independence of reality from human mind.
Among all, researcher uses interpretivism research philosophy which is relied upon
the scholar's interest and with the help of such type, scholar easily determine the significance

or causes of incorrect data entry in laboratory. Therefore, with the help of this type,
researcher is able to meet the define aim and also conduct the entire research in effective
manner by answering the research questions as well.
Research Approach
It is the plan and procedure which is consist of broad assumptions into detailed
method of data collection, analysis as well as interpretation. With the help of research
approach, scholar is able to analyse the nature of research problem which is being addressed
and this in turn generate best outcome. Further, there are three type of research approach such
that Inductive, in which scholar move from particular experience that helps to lead a research
in better manner (Rajasinghe, 2020). Second type is deductive in which people are typically
linked with specific investigation in order to test hypothesis. Last type is Abductive which is
developed in order to address the weaknesses of deductive and inductive. This approach
assist to encounter the confirmable phenomenon which did not explained with theories
Thus, among all, researcher adopted Inductive research approach which in quite
flexible and also scholar collect the experience of selected respondent's which in turn help to
identify the causes and effects of incorrect data entry within laboratories. With the help of
such research approach, investigator easily examine the pattern as well as relationship with
variables in order to get answer from the research questions.
Research design
It is refer to the overall strategy which a scholar chooses in order to incorporate with
different components that helps to conduct the study in logical manner. With the help of this
key element scholar also ensure that they easily address the research problems. There are two
types of research design such that conclusive which helps to generate the findings which is
practically useful to reach the final conclusion (Mohajan, 2018). Thus, findings generated by
the research design is beneficial to answer the research questions. Whereas, exploratory
research design is another type which is used to investigate the research problem that is not
properly define. Thus, it is conducted in order to develop better understanding of an existing
problem which somehow did not provide conclusive results.
Among all, scholar uses descriptive research design under conclusive in order to
generate valid results and examine the key causes of an event. In the same way, to generate
the best outcomes it is necessary for the scholar to use valid data for primary and secondary

research in order to investigate the causes, effects and significance of the incorrect data
within laboratories.
Data Collection
It is the process of gathering and measuring the information that assist to answer the
research questions and evaluate the outcomes as well. Moreover, with the help of such data
collection methods, scholar also analyse the important information with regards to existing
data available (Zangirolami-Raimundo, Echeimberg and Leone, 2018). For the same, there
are two types of data collection methods such that under primary data collection method
which is also known as fresh research because it is directly collect through primary sources
such as survey, observation, interviews etc. On the other side, secondary data collection is
another type which is easily available to the researcher and these are the already published
articles, journals and books who support them in order to meet the define aim.
Among all, scholar uses both types of data collection methods such that in primary
method, questionnaire is designed under survey method, where questions are asked to the
selected respondents in order to attain the define aim. Further, researcher also uses secondary
data collection methods in which different articles, journals and books are used which are
published in latest 5 years. Hence, with the help of both data collection methods, investigator
is tries to generate the best results which in turn conduct the research in concise manner.
Data analysis
It is the process of inspecting and analysing the data which in turn generate the useful
information along with improving the decision making process. Through this methodology,
scholar may apply the statistical technique in order to describe as well as illustrate the entire
information in order to meet the aim an objectives.
To conduct the entire research in proper manner, scholar uses thematic data analysis
method that helps to interpret the results by using different graphs and tables in order to
present the outcome in effective manner (Dźwigoł and Dźwigoł-Barosz, 2018). Along with
this, investigator also tries to analyze the views of selected respondents and tries to answer
the research questions as well. With the help of thematic data analysis under qualitative
study, primary research are easily evaluated which in turn assist to examine the causes and
significance of incorrect data entry in laboratories.

Sampling
It is the process which is used in statistical analysis that helps to examine the number
of observation which are taken from larger population. Therefore, this is considered one of
the most important research method for scholar because it support to generate the valid
results in order to comparing the primary research with secondary. There are two types of
sampling methods i.e. under probability sampling method in which researcher chooses the
samples from large population through different methods (Bellagambi and et.al., 2020). With
the help of such method, every individual has an equal chance in order to being selected into
a study. Whereas in non- probability sampling method in which researcher select samples
which is based upon the subjective judgement instead of random sampling.
Therefore, among all, simple random sampling method under probability has been
adopted by the scholar that assist to select the limited sample from a range of population. In
this method, scholar selected only 20 employees of Quadram Institute Bioscience who work
for long term in order to examine the significance of incorrect data entry in laboratories. So,
this method is considered one of the best way that assist to meet the define research aim
along with conduct the research in more precise manner as well (Basias and Pollalis, 2018).
Ethical considerations
This plays an important part in the research methodology section because it helps to
conduct the research in well manner. Such that before conducting the primary research, there
is a need to take prior consent from the selected respondents. Also, scholar should ensure to
comply with the data protection act which in turn prevent to misuse the personal information
by third party. Along with this, investigator should also make sure that there is no
communication error between the respondents and researcher because it may mislead the
information which in turn affect the overall results in adverse manner (Ngozwana, 2018).
Apart from this, scholar should also offer voluntary participation of all the respondent's so
that it did not harm the results and ensure that they only assess the relevant components of a
study as well. Hence, there is a need to respect the dignity of all the respondents and before
conducting the research it is essential to identify whether the selected respondents are belongs
to company and are able to answer the questions asked in the research or not. Hence, by
complying all the ethical principles, scholar is able to generate the outcome.
Limitation
The selected topic assist to examine the reason of conducting incorrect data in
laboratory and in UK, this error may leads to generate wrong results. So while conducting the

study, researcher faces issue with regards to accessibility because there are many sites which
are access denied and this in turn consumes lot of time which affect the results in opposite
manner. Moreover, on the other side, it is also analysed that the sample size for the research
is quite low and this does not help to generate the valid results. It is so because due to small
size of sample, researcher is not able to develop appropriate results and this affect the
outcome of a research in adverse manner as well. In addition to this, lac of previous research
studies on the topic is also considered another limitation of the study. It is so because there
are range of material available in internet, but there is no proper study conducted on the topic
which in turn affect the results in adverse manner.

CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
This chapter is useful because it helps to effectively interpret the entire set of findings
in a better and presentable manner. This helps to examine the overall results are in favour of
research questions and also evaluate appropriate data sets. Appropriate use of the graphs,
tables helps in presenting the findings in better manner so that reader will easily access the
data and understand the views of selected data. This is considered to be prominent in
effectively analyse the key possible results and also helps in improving the key outcomes.
Theme 1: Maximum number of employees have been working in this laboratory for 1 to 2
years.
PARTICULARS NUMBER OF
RESPONDENTS
% OF RESPONDENTS
0 - 1 year 4 20.00%
1 - 2 years 9 45.00%
More than 2 years 7 35.00%
TOTAL 20 100.00%

Interpretation: The above survey which has been gathered from 20 employees of
Quadram Institute Bioscience. Among which 45% stated their views that, they have been
working in this laboratory for 1 to 2 years. They have significant degree of knowledge
regarding how the laboratory works and must focus on effectively improving the operations
and efficiency of the company at a greater scale.
Theme 2: Yes, maximum number of employees have complete understanding regarding
concept of incorrect data entry in laboratory.
PARTICULARS NUMBER OF
RESPONDENTS
% OF RESPONDENTS
Yes 15 75.00%
No 2 10.00%
Maybe 3 15.00%
TOTAL 20 100.00%
Interpretation: The study which carried out with the 20 employees of Quadram
Institute Bioscience. Out of which 75.00% established that, incorrect data entry is mainly an

error which has been made while information into the system. This in turn largely affects the
business operations at a greater scale. They stated that, it is of crucial importance to identify
the key possible mistakes and must also focus on significantly improving the business
outcomes at greater scale. Remaining, 15% were neutral related with this theme.
Theme 3: Highly agreed, the most common data entry mistakes are transcription error
and transposition error linked with the incorrect data entry.
PARTICULARS NUMBER OF
RESPONDENTS
% OF RESPONDENTS
Agreed 5 25.00%
Highly agreed 9 45.00%
Disagreed 2 10.00%
Highly disagreed 1 5.00%
Neutral 3 15.00%
TOTAL 20 100.00%

Interpretation: The research carried out with 20 employees and among which 70%
(25%+ 45%) stated their views that, transcription error and transposition error are the most
common errors with the incorrect data entry. Transcription error in turn is usually made by
the optical recognition program and human operator. Transposition error is considered to be
as another accounting error which has been caused by the substitution of sequential digits.
Theme 4: Yes, it is crucial to assign different skilled experts in order to minimize the
chances of error.
PARTICULARS NUMBER OF
RESPONDENTS
% OF RESPONDENTS
Yes 13 65.00%
No 3 15.00%
Maybe 4 20.00%
TOTAL 20 100.00%
Interpretation: The study which carried out with the 20 employees of Quadram
Institute Bioscience. Out of which 65% established that, hiring of the skilled professionals

and giving them proper training is considered to be as one of the prominent way to minimize
the chances of error. This helps in ensuring that the data recorded is intact and accurate. This
in turn improves the business results and outcomes. Remaining, 20% were neutral regarding
this theme.
Theme 5: Maximum number of employees stated that, information entered in the wrong
way create negative set of impact upon the laboratory brand image.
PARTICULARS NUMBER OF
RESPONDENTS
% OF RESPONDENTS
Negative 14 70.00%
Positive 4 20.00%
Neutral 2 10.00%
TOTAL 20 100.00%
Interpretation: The above survey which has been gathered from 20 employees of
Quadram Institute Bioscience. Among which 70% stated their views that, entering of the
wrong information within the system tends to create negative set of impact upon the

laboratory brand image. This leads to unclear decision making and affects business
operations. Remaining, 10% were not clear regarding this theme and have not given any
clear justification.
Theme 6: Highly agreed, error within the statistical analysis is consider one of the
common data entry error.
PARTICULARS NUMBER OF
RESPONDENTS
% OF RESPONDENTS
Agreed 6 30.00%
Highly agreed 8 40.00%
Disagreed 2 10.00%
Highly disagreed 1 5.00%
Neutral 3 15.00%
TOTAL 20 100.00%

Interpretation: The research carried out with 20 employees and among which 70%
(30%+ 40%) stated their views that, the most common data entry error is mainly linked with
the statistical analysis. This is mainly because wide degree of assumption related with the
analysis has been made. As supported by the literature review, statistical test result is
misinterpreted with regards to data and this in turn affect the outcome in opposite manner.
Theme 7: Yes, analytical error within the laboratory affects the results and outcomes.
PARTICULARS NUMBER OF
RESPONDENTS
% OF RESPONDENTS
Yes 12 60.00%
No 3 15.00%
Maybe 5 25.00%
TOTAL 20 100.00%
Interpretation: The study which carried out with the 20 employees of Quadram
Institute Bioscience. Out of which 60% established that, analytical error are consider another
error which most of the professionals perform that leads to affect the results. The major cause

of the analytical error within the laboratory are mainly instrumental malfunction, not
complying with the procedure, sample mix ups, undetected failure associated with the quality
control, test interference, sample mix-ups and the operator error.
Theme 8: Maximum number of employees understand the error of communication and it
affects the brand image, reputation and performance of business.
PARTICULARS NUMBER OF
RESPONDENTS
% OF RESPONDENTS
Affects brand image of
business.
2 10.00%
Bad reputation 4 20.00%
Affects business performance
and efficiency
3 15.00%
All of the above 11 55.00%
TOTAL 20 100.00%

Interpretation: The research carried out with 20 employees and among which 55%
stated their views that, employees tends to effectively understand the error of the
communication and it main key affects upon the brand image, reputation and performance of
business. This tends to usually happen because of the hectic schedules and other busy
professional lives. Communication error can result in poor line of condition. It is crucial to
reduce communication error because it tends to disrupt the work flow.
Theme 9: Highly agreed, establishing and verifying test method performance specification
within the laboratory helps in testing accuracy, precision and specificity.
PARTICULARS NUMBER OF
RESPONDENTS
% OF RESPONDENTS
Agreed 5 25.00%
Highly agreed 8 40.00%
Disagreed 3 15.00%
Highly disagreed 2 10.00%
Neutral 2 10.00%
TOTAL 20 100.00%

Interpretation: The study which carried out with the 20 employees of Quadram
Institute Bioscience. Out of which 65% (25%+ 40%) established that, effectively establishing
the significant verifying test method related with the performance specification within the
laboratory is crucial because it is relevant in testing accuracy, precision and specificity. It
helps in effectively meeting the specified set of requirements. Remaining, 10% were neutral
regarding this theme.
Theme 10: Yes, incorrect data entry errors may lead to greater cost for the laboratory.
PARTICULARS NUMBER OF
RESPONDENTS
% OF RESPONDENTS
Yes 13 65.00%
No 5 25.00%
Maybe 2 10.00%
TOTAL 20 100.00%

Interpretation: The above survey which has been gathered from 20 employees of
Quadram Institute Bioscience. Among which 65% stated their views that, incorrect data
entry errors may lead to greater cost for the laboratory. This hampers the efficiency and
hampers the operations. Errors tends to attach greater cost to the company. As supported by
the literature review, an average pre-analytical error cost is represented between 0.23% and
1.2% of total hospital operating cost. Incorrect data entry errors impose high degree of cost
on the business which in turn largely influence the key results and outcomes of laboratory.
Theme 11: Feed in the wrong system , is the main cause of the incorrect data entry within
laboratory.
PARTICULARS NUMBER OF
RESPONDENTS
% OF RESPONDENTS
Delay in the input 3 15.00%
Wrong data 2 10.00%
Use of unclear set of
abbreviations
1 5.00%
Feed in the wrong system 11 55.00%

All of the above 3 15.00%
TOTAL 20 100.00%
Interpretation: The research carried out with 20 employees and among which 55%
stated their views that, wrong feeding within the data system is considered to be as one of the
major cause linked with the incorrect data entry within laboratory. Also, 15% stated that,
delay in the input of the transaction within the system is one of the major cause of incorrect
data entry within the system. Also, 10% states that, use of unclear abbreviation which is not
known to all is another major cause of the incorrect data entry within laboratory.
Theme 12: Yes, human mistakes is one of the major cause linked with the incorrect data
entry.
PARTICULARS
NUMBER
OF
RESPOND
ENTS
% OF
RESPOND
ENTS
YES 14 70.00%

No 5 25.00%
Maybe 1 5.00%
Total 20 100.00%
Interpretation: In accordance with the above table it is interpreted that human mistakes are
considered one of the major linked with incorrect data and this in turn affect the results in
opposite manner. Through the graph, it is interpreted that out of 100%, 70% selected
respondents are agree with the statement while 25% of them stated no and only 5% are did
not know anything about it. Hence, it is clearly stated that there are many errors but in
laboratories, human mistakes are considered one of the major cause and this in turn affect the
overall performance in adverse manner. So, there is a need to minimize the error otherwise it
may leads to affect the brand reputation of the company in negative manner.

Theme 13: Highly agreed, giving proper and timely training to the employees of the
laboratory helps in reducing inaccurate data entry.
PARTICULARS
NUMBER
OF
RESPOND
ENTS
% OF
RESPOND
ENTS
Agreed 11 55.00%
Highly agreed 5 25.00%
Disagreed 0 0.00%
Highly disagreed 3 15.00%
Neutral 1 5.00%
Total 20 100.00%

Interpretation: Through the survey it is analysed that there are lot of mistakes performed by
the laboratories which in turn affect the results. Thus to improve the same there is a need to
take actions which helps to minimize the error in incorrect data. So, as per the views of
respondents, it is analysed that majority of the participants are agree that company should
provide effective training to their employees in the specified slots that assist to minimize
error up to some extent. Such that out of 20, 11 are highly agree with the statement, while 5
are agreed, whereas 1 employees state anything. On the other side, 3 of them are highly
disagree with the statement which indicate that through timely and proper training, human
error can be minimize which generate the valid results.

CHAPTER 5: DISCUSSION
To understand the concept of incorrect data entry in laboratory.
Incorrect data entry is mainly associated with the wrong way to transcript data and
tends to common error mistakes. This is mainly linked with inputting the data in an incorrect
manner. It also tends to damage the reputation of the laboratory and can leads to inaccurate
set of information associated with the business operations. This can largely influence the data
set results and can also hamper the business accuracy at a greater scale. Inaccuracy within the
data sets is mainly associated with the movement of the data from one significant set of
database to another (Zhangand et.al., 2017). This is mainly associated with the time- bound
changes and incorrect set of values. It is considered to of crucial importance that, effectively
utilizing intelligent character recognition and optimal character recognition is considered to
be significant in reducing the inaccuracy within the specific data sets. However, these
software tools are considered to be high;y significant in automatically reading and also
extracting relevant set of information. Error might also happen because of not complying
with ethics and this affect the results in opposite manner. A singly error in number may lead
to affect the entire results. Entering of the wrong information within the system tends to
create negative set of impact upon the laboratory brand image. This leads to unclear decision
making and affects business operations (Keller and et.al., 2017). This in turn eventually
hampers the outcomes and leads to low degree of results and outcomes. Inaccurate data entry
within the laboratory in turn results in poor set of customer relationships. 75.00% established
that, they have high degree of knowledge linked with the concept of incorrect data entry
within the laboratory. Incorrect data entry is mainly an error which has been made while
information into the system. It tends to identify the key possible mistakes and must also focus
on significantly improving the business outcomes at greater scale. Incorrect data entry errors
results in greater cost for the laboratory (Agustian and Seery, 2017). This in turn hampers the
performance and efficiency of the business. However, the key significant benefit of the
correct data entry within the laboratory is associated with improving the visibility of the data.
It also helps in improved degree of business continuity and better results and outcomes for
the laboratory. However, it is considered to be highly crucial for effectively identifying one
of the key primary cause which is mainly associate with the inaccuracies. It is of crucial
importance in performing regular set of analysis and also helps in standardizing the main
process. Hence, it is of crucial importance to effectively avoid the costly data errors and must
also increase the efficiency of the business. However, the companies can use the data in a

significant manner which is useful in the better decision making and leads to improved
degree of business results and key outcomes (Data entry and its importance, 2020).
To examine different types of incorrect data entry performed by professionals in
laboratory.
Incorrect data formatting is considered to be as one of the key significant way through
which it leads to incorrect data entry systems. Use of the advanced software can also create
inaccurate set of results. Data misinterpretation is also one of the most common type of the
incorrect data entry (Sciacovelli and et.al., 2017). This tends to happen when the number are
mixed with the words. For example, if the original set of data demonstrates O in letters, but
the individual person interpret the data as 0 in number. This in turn is considered to be as the
major case linked with the data interpretation. Also, mislabelled Specimen is also another
type of data error which is also mostly performed by different laboratories. Under this,
incorrect detail of an individual is mention or recorded which may lead to generate wrong
results. If the details of the specimen has not been recorded then the laboratory did not match
the details on the request form. Hence, this affect the overall business performance in
negative and adverse manner. Also, this results in misleading information and the detail
which somehow leads to cause wrong impact upon the outcomes. Meta- analytic estimates
from the key effects linked with the size calculation may also consider incorrect data entry
which has been significantly performed by the professionals within the laboratory
(Rousseauand et.al., 2019).
Transcription error is considered to be as when of the key inputting words when compared to
the numerical data. Such errors in turn mainly comprise of the repetition, typographical
errors, deletion, human errors and other repetition within the data entry system. On the other
hand, transposition error are considered to be common in the words. 70% respondents has
stated their views that, transcription error and transposition error are the most common errors
with the incorrect data entry. Transcription error in turn is usually made by the optical
recognition program and human operator. Transposition error tends to mainly happen
because of transposing or change the numbers. Transposition error is an accounting error
which has been caused by the substitution of sequential digits.
Statistical analysis is mainly associated with misinterpretation of the statistical test result
which affect the outcome of the business in an opposite manner (Keller and et.al., 2017).
Also, 70% respondents has significantly established their viewpoints that, statistical analysis

is considered to be as another common data entry error. This is mainly because the
professionals tend to set underlying set of assumptions which in turn largely influence the
operations of the business. Use of the wrong values and making inappropriate assumptions
are considered to be as the major reason of the incorrect data entry within the laboratory.
Analytical type of error is linked with the equipment malfunction, procedure which
are not followed by the company and some undetected failure of quality control as well as
test interferences. However, 60% participants has clearly established that, analytical error are
another error which most of the professionals perform that leads to affect the results. This
eventually leads to low degree of quality controls in turn also affects the business in an
adverse manner. Laboratory tends to spend decades in order to effectively improve the
analytical quality by effectively establishing the internal quality controls as well as external
quality assessment. It is crucial to improve the accuracy of the data because it tends to
provide reliable set of information which assess and also monitor the quality status of the
internal procedure of laboratory.
Missing values and ambiguous data sets are in turn considered to be as one of the
most common type of data entry errors which has been made by the professionals within the
laboratory. However, in order to reduce this error there seems to be high degree of proper
need of training to the key professionals of the company. This way it helps in improving the
key results as well as the outcomes. It leads to improved degree of business performance and
efficiency. This helps in effectively improving the data entry accuracy. This improves the
business performance an leads to high degree of performance and key efficiency.
To assess the causes and effect of incorrect data entry within Quadram Institute
Bioscience.
Data entry errors within the laboratory are considered to be highly erroneous
database. This eventually proves to be highly disastrous for the profitability and success of
the organization (Sciacovelli and et.al., 2017). This in turn proves to be highly costly for the
laboratory and in turn largely hampers the performance as well as productivity of the
laboratory. The key prominent cause of the incorrect data formatting is mainly linked with
the input of the correct data or placing of the data within the wrong field. This in turn
eventually hampers the business performance at a greater scale and influence the operations
within the laboratory. The key significant cause of the analytical error within the laboratory is
associated with the instrumental malfunction, sample mix ups, not complying with the

procedure, test interference, undetected failure associated with the quality control, sample
mix-ups and the operator error. The prominent cause linked with the inaccurate data entry in
laboratory are mainly delay in the input. The inaccurate data information mainly comprise of
the wrong data, wrong address, wrong titles, wrong system, wrong account, etc. which in
turn largely affects the laboratory performance and operations. 55% has clearly demonstrated
their viewpoints that, wrong feeding within the data system is one of the major cause linked
with the incorrect data entry within laboratory. This eventually hampers the business
performance and also affects the business operations at a great scale.
Delay within the input of the transaction in system is one of the major cause of incorrect data
entry. 10% of the participants states that, there is a use of unclear abbreviation which is not
known to all is another major cause of the incorrect data entry within laboratory. The staff or
employees within the organization might significantly delay associated with the data entry
within the system. This leads to high degree of inaccurate set of results and affects the
operations of the business at a greater scale. There are 70% respondents who has clearly
stated their viewpoints that, human mistakes is considered to be as one of the major reason
which largely influence the business at a greater set of scale. It affects the overall
performance in adverse manner and also affects the brand reputation of the company in
negative manner (Sciacovelli, L and et.al., 2017).
Incorrect data entry errors may lead to greater cost for the laboratory which in turn
adds high degree of cost to the company and also hampers the reputation and goodwill of the
company. Inaccurate set of data outputs in turn significantly prohibits the decision making
and leads to mistrust and also hampers the decision making process. Information entered in
the wrong way create negative set of impact upon the laboratory brand image. Poor degree of
data inputs also result in the poor decision making towards the company. Inaccurate data
entries leads to low degree of credibility associated with the laboratory and also leads to
failure linked with the compliance management (Caspi, and Hünermund, 2020). It might
also results in lawsuits and high degree of penalty for the company. This might also results in
loss of profit towards the business. This has a high degree of influence upon the company and
tends to improve the business performance and leads to high degree of business accuracy.

CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Conclusion
By summing up above research it has been concluded that incorrect data entry in
laboratories is considered one of the major issue in Laboratories such that there are many
types of errors performed by the company which somehow affect the brand image. Also,
from the literature review, it has been concluded that there are different types of error which
are performed by employees within laboratories such that analytical error, human mistakes,
mislabelled specimen etc that may lead to generate the wrong results. Hence, these error may
cause negative impact upon the performance of laboratory. There are many causes associated
with incorrect data entry i.e. wrong data, wrong address, wrong titles, wrong system, wrong
account and this in turn leads to delay in input as well.
Through the research methodology section it has been concluded that with the help of
qualitative study, scholar is also generate the in-depth research along with integrating the
human interest. Whereas, quantitative study did not belong to human views rather than it link
with facts and figures only. That is why, this will assist to meet the results and assist to
conduct the study in precise manner. With the help of interpretivism research philosophy,
investigator is also conduct the entire research in better manner and generate the best results
from the views of respondents.
Moreover, in the next section, I,e, data analysis it has been concluded that all the
selected respondents are completely understand the term incorrect data entry because they
also perform the same which in turn affect the results in wrong manner. Also, all the
respondents are highly agreed that these common incorrect data error are linked with
transcription error and transposition error which somehow affect the overall findings in
adverse manner. That is why, it is analysed that there is a need to minimize the error because
it directly cause negative impact upon the brand image of a company. It is so because
selected respondents are highly agreed that information entered in system is wrong or
incorrect then it may lead to cause negative impression upon the other employees. This
directly cause adverse impact upon the financial performance of a company as well.
Some of them are stated that statistical analysis is one of the common data entry error
that leads to interpret the results in wrong way. That is why, it is examine that there is a need
to recruit the employees who identify the mistakes and did not cause any negative impact
upon results as well. Among all, analytical error and human mistakes is also considered

another issue that affect the entire results as well as outcome. It is so because majority of the
selected respondents are highly agree with the same and if employee feeding the entries in
system, chances of omission is increases that generate inaccurate results. So, there is a need
to implement advance technology that helps to minimize the error up to some extent. Such
that more than 35% of the selected respondents are highly agreed that by establishing and
verifying test method within laboratories will help to increase the test accuracy and minimize
the chances of error as well. This in turn assist to minimize the cost of error, otherwise
incorrect data entry may lead to greater cost for laboratory. Hence, overall primary research
concluded that due to feed wrong figures in the system and hire inefficient employees within
a business is considered another reason for the company that increase chances of incorrect
data entry.
Recommendations
In order to minimize the data error in laboratories, there are list of suggestions that
helps to perform accurate data and this in turn take an organization at further level of success.
Some of them are as mentioned below:
 It is suggested to the Quadram Institute Bioscience to use effective and friendly
software that helps to minimize the issue of incorrect data entry. Such that intelligent
Character recognition and Optical Character Recognition are considered two
examples that directly creates impact upon data entry operations. This also assist to
automatic reading and extraction of relevant detail which save the valuable time and
reduce the chances of error while employee perform manual entries. Hence, this in
turn affect the results in positive manner.
 The laboratories conduct effective training session to their employees and these
training must be conduct in the specific tenure that helps to let employees understand
about the working culture. Under this training session, employees should aware about
their roles and responsibilities, along with how to minimize the error that helps to
develop effective results.
 Moreover, it is also suggested to the company to take work breaks, such that it is more
relevant for data entry operations because the monotonous work may lead to
frustrated the entire working. Also, its should be allowed short breaks after every
couple of hours that helps to leave their work stations and refresh themselves. Hence,

it is analysed that with the help of breaks, most of the employees minimize the data
entry error and as a result provide accurate results as well.

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APPENDIX
NAME:
AGE:
GENDER:
QUESTIONNAIRE
1. For how long you have been working in this laboratory?
 0 - 1 year
 1 - 2 years
 More than 2 years
2. Do you have complete understanding regarding concept of incorrect data entry in
laboratory?
 Yes
 No
 Maybe
3. Do you agree the most common data entry mistakes are transcription error and
transposition error linked with the incorrect data entry?
 Agreed
 Highly agreed
 Disagreed
 Highly disagreed
 Neutral
4. Do you think, it is crucial to assign different skilled experts in order to minimize the
chances of error?

 Yes
 No
 Maybe
5. According to you, information entered in the wrong way create what set of impact upon
the laboratory brand image?
 Negative
 Positive
 Neutral
6. As per your views, error within the statistical analysis is consider one of the common data
entry error?
 Agreed
 Highly agreed
 Disagreed
 Highly disagreed
 Neutral
7. Do you think, analytical error within the laboratory affects the results and outcomes?
 Yes
 No
 Maybe
8. What do you understand by the error of communication and evaluate how it affects the
laboratory?
 Affects brand image of business.
 Bad reputation

 Affects business performance and efficiency
 All of the above
9. Do you agree, establishing and verifying test method performance specification within the
laboratory helps in testing accuracy, precision and specificity?
 Agreed
 Highly agreed
 Disagreed
 Highly disagreed
 Neutral
10. Do you think, incorrect data entry errors may lead to greater cost for the laboratory?
 Yes
 No
 Maybe
11. According to you, what are the main cause of the incorrect data entry within laboratory?
 Delay in the input
 Wrong data
 Use of unclear set of abbreviations
 Feed in the wrong system
 All of the above
12. Do you think human mistakes is one of the major cause linked with the incorrect data
entry?
 Yes
 No
 Maybe

13. Do you agree, giving proper and timely training to the employees of the laboratory helps
in reducing inaccurate data entry?
 Agreed
 Highly agreed
 Disagreed
 Highly disagreed
 Neutral
14. According to you, what are the key challenges which has been faced by the company to
ensure accurate data entry within laboratory?
15. State different the ways through which the incorrect data entry may minimized?