Causes of Male Infertility Assignment PDF

MALE INFERTILITY

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................3
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................4

INTRODUCTION
Male infertility can be defined as an inability of male to cause pregnancy in fertile
females. It mainly occurs due to deficiency in semen and its quality (Abayomi, Afolabi and
Oyetunji, 2018). This essay will lay emphasis on two main causes of male infertility i.e.
Abnormal sperm production or function also known as varicocele and second cause is
overexposure to certain environmental factors such as alcohol, smoking etc.
Male infertility has various effects not only on male but on their relationship as well. This
essay will also focus on two main effects of this male infertility i.e. psychological effect of male
infertility and second is masculinity effect of male infertility and lastly overall summary of
complete essay will be discussed in brief.
MAIN BODY
There are various causes due to which male infertility occurs. Out of those one of the
most common cause due to which it occurs is varicocele. This mainly occurs due to swelling on
veins which further drains the testicles (Abdulamir, 2018). The exact reason due to which
varicocele occurs is still unknown but there are other reasons due to which it occurs such as:
genetic defect or health problems like diabetes, HIV infection etc. Swelling on veins can majorly
affect the quality of sperm, decrease sperm production and can lead to male infertility.
Varicocele does not happen all of a sudden but it occurs over time.
It can also lead to shrink or stop normal development of testicles. Shrinking of testicles
can increase pressure in veins which may cause exposure of toxins in the blood. If it is not
treated after detection it can worsen over the course of a days and finally can cause testicular
damage permanently. It mainly happens from puberty and mostly occurs on left side because of
position of left testicular vein. Varicocele is not treatable if it occurs due to genetics disorder.
More than 15 percent of cases detected of male infertility are due to genetic disorder. Every 1 out
of 500 males are affected by male infertility because of genetic disorder.
Male infertility have various effects on an individual. One of the main effect of this is
psychological effect. Men face various effect when they face male infertility, effects such as:
anxiety, depression, medications, fatigue, stress, experience of trauma development (Aitken, De
Iuliis and Drevet, 2019). Main psychological effect of male infertility is clinical depression and
medications. Clinical depression is a mental disorder where an individual suffers from low
mood. Male who suffers from infertility have lower self-confidence, lower self-esteem, loses
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interest in any entertaining activity and many more. In order to overcome from such
psychological effects, they need to take medications so that they can cure their infertility and can
overcome from psychological effects as well.
Most of the times these medicines are quite helpful in treating infertility but sometimes
excessive or wrong medication can result in some side effects. Medication is one of the main
psychological effect because correct medication can treat this disease but incorrect medication
can further intensify this disease which can increase its psychological effect (Durairajanayagam,
2018).
Exposure to certain environmental components such as heat, toxins and chemical can
reduce sperm production and functions and this leads to affect male fertility (Krausz and Riera-
Escamilla, 2018). Thus, excessive use of cigarette smoking, alcohol, anabolic steroids can
impacts to bacterial infection, high blood pressure and depression can impact the fertility.
Therefore, some of causes as are-
 Industrial chemicals- The extended use of benzenes, toluene, xylene and organic
solvents all ate highly chemical products and this can contribute to low sperm counts.
 Heavy metal exposure- The excessive use of the heavy metals may leads to have
infertility.
 Radiation- This can leads to reduce sperm production. Therefore, high rays of radiation
can have permanently impact on reduction of Sperm.
 Overheating the testicles- Raised temperature impairs sperm production and function.
Therefore, regular use of hot tubs may temporarily impair sperm count (Morin and Scott,
2018). On the other hand, sitting for long periods, wearing tight clothing and working on
laptop computer for long stretches of time can lead to enhance the temperature. This can
lead up to the slightly diminution in sperm production.
Feeling to the fertility and sexual adequacy both are two interconnected concept to men.
Additionally, couples who have long term infertility have faced treatment failure, huge level of
depression, low satisfaction and low levels of well being. On the other hand, stigma of male
factor defined earlier that has huge impact on the man.
Also, this is compound by the fact that almost 40% of couples undergoing reproduction
technology that cannot be conceived and this may have an ongoing effect on quality of life,
sexual impact and marital adjustment (Morin and Scott, 2018). . In addition to this, sexual
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problems can also be interfered with intercourse and prevent conception this may have deep
impact on couples.
Summary
The male infertility defined as health issue in which male has inability to cause
pregnancy in fertile female. However, it can be caused due to infertility in men that can result as
deficiencies in formation of sperm, transportation and concentration.
Additionally, environmental factors such as heat, toxins and chemicals, health, lifestyle and other
causes may have impact on male infertility. It has huge impact on masculinity, sexual adequacy
and can leads to have impact on potency.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it can be summarized that male infertility defined commonly as
deficiencies in semen and quality used as a surrogate measure of male fecundity. The present
report is based on male infertility and cause and effect of this health issue.
However, report has covered topic as certain environmental factors, varicocele both are
causing factor that can lead up to infertility issues within males. Lastly, assignment has also
noted their impacts on masculinity, sexual inadequacy etc.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Abayomi, B. A., Afolabi, B. M. & Oyetunji, I. (2018). Semen Parameters Associated With Male
Infertility in a Sub-Saharan Black Population: The Effect of Age and Body Mass Index. J
Gynecol Infertility. 1(1).
Abdulamir, A. S. (2018). The association of Human Herpes virus simplex 1 and 2 infection of
male genital tract and male infertility. Al-Kufa University Journal for Biology. 10(3).
Aitken, R. J., De Iuliis, G. N., & Drevet, J. R. (2019). Role of oxidative stress in the etiology of
male infertility and the potential therapeutic value of antioxidants. In Oxidants,
Antioxidants and Impact of the Oxidative Status in Male Reproduction. Academic Press.
Durairajanayagam, D. (2018). Lifestyle causes of male infertility. Arab journal of urology.
16(1). 10-20.
Krausz, C., & Riera-Escamilla, A. (2018). Genetics of male infertility. Nature reviews Urology.
15(6). 369.
Morin, S. J., & Scott, R. T. (2018). Knowledge gaps in male infertility: a reproductive
endocrinology and infertility perspective. Translational andrology and urology, 7(Suppl
3), S283.
Online
Male Infertility. 2019. [Online]. Available through :
<https://americanpregnancy.org/infertility/male-infertility/>.
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