Chapter 3/4 Methodology

This chapter discusses the methodology of descriptive research and its application in studying the influence of celebrities on consumer's buying decision in India. It explores the use of quantitative and qualitative data analysis methods and discusses the variables involved in the research. The chapter also provides insights into the tests conducted using SPSS software and the findings obtained.

Chapter 3/4 Methodology-
Descriptive research- Descriptive study is described as a procedure of analysis, which specifies
the conditions of the surveyed group or phenomena. This approach concentrates more on the
research topic's "what" than the research topic's "why." The key focus of the descriptive analysis
approach is to explain the essence of a population sample, without concentrating on "why" a
specific occurrence exists. In other words, the topic of the study is "identified," without
explaining "why" this occurs. A method of description analysis can be used in several forms and
for different purposes (Kumar, 2019). However, the survey objectives and survey architecture
are critical before joining any survey. In the aspect of above research topic “Celebrity Influence
on Consumer’s Buying Decision in India”. This types of research can be useful; this is so
because there is huge number of data in terms of variables including dependent and independent.
In addition to this, the descriptive research method is suitable to do analysis of a range of
quantitative and qualitative information. Thus, this approach will be useful in relation to above
research topic. Though, there are some other methods too in order to perform research of given
data set but each of them has some issues like ineffectiveness due to higher volume of data set.
Quantitative analysis is characterised by collecting quantifiable data and using statistical,
analytical, or computational techniques as a systematic analysis of phenomena. Quantitative
analysis uses qualitative tools to gather information from current and prospective consumers and
to submit online surveys, internet polling, questionnaires, etc. For the most part, quantitative
outcome analysis is carried out in the social sciences using statistical techniques mentioned
above to gather objective results from the study. Researchers and data analysts in this analysis
approach apply statistical structures and hypotheses relating to the quantities at stake. The
quantitative research can be carried out in two ways named as primary quantitative research
method and secondary quantitative research method (Mohajan, 2018). The primary types of
quantitative research are used in order to conduct market research. Such as in the context of
above research topic, this can be used in order to assess information about customers’ buying
decision and credibility of celebrities to influence customers. On the other hands, secondary
research can be used on gathered information under primary research. Herein, above topic this
kinds of research cannot be applied because of types of topic. Another approach with collecting
data on the impact of celebrities has been through rotation concept of television commercials,

because that they're being noticed as often as probable, as has been accomplished by
Indian research groups. The CCTV programme for three weeks was digitally recorded between 6
and 10 p.m. That is the peak time of Indian television. CCTV is selling commercial time
on monthly basis (Snyder, 2019). Thus, the 3 distinct months would be included to increase the
size of the sample. In addition, programmes were tested from different time periods to boost the
range of product-classifications. Here particular one-week in month is intentionally sampled for
avoiding holidays or festivals. For advertisements that featured the same celebrities but
championed various brands, each was obtained as an individual sample. All sample commercials
have been formatted as cultural importance variable. Only commercials that spotlighted one
public figure were formatted for the factors of gender, age-group and nationality-status. The
advertisements which have more than one celebs are omitted as they mostly delineated multiple
genders, age-groups or nation-status. Afterwards a decent coding has been undertaken Indian-
college students and other individuals for obtaining outcomes (Ørngreen and Levinsen, 2017).
This is not possible to conduct personal interviews or dispense survey publically as this quite
time consuming task as well as hard due to prevalent conditions of corona outbreak. Under this
research, information need to be collected from different types of customers. There is no
availability of information, therefore this cannot be applied in above dissertation. Further a
significant aspect to be investigate is buyer's attitudes as well as perceptions. These may vary on
multiple distinct ground for example age factor, sexuality, state, financial status etc. From a
marketer perception this is vital to comprehend that buyers are mainly regulated by their own
cultures, belief and values. Also, certain limitations are covered in investigation to offer a wider
base for upcoming investigation. In this research study factors like attractiveness, buying
percentages, level of impacts, credibleness of superstars and celebrities is to be effectively tested.
The questionnaire survey will consist of 15 queries, which would also include fundamental
questions such as age, gender of participants. It's going to be 4-page survey, thus it's not very
lengthy and time intensive (Fletcher, 2017). Queries will be constructed in an effective and quick
dialect so all respondents of any age group could understand and respond to them. negative terms
like never, hatred, etc. would be averted while readying the questionnaire, as they may not even
be liked by respondents and may result their responses to a specific direction. This will assist in
determining whether whether all such variables are substantial in view of participants whenever
they look at advertisements and impact their buying choices. That study will aid us to find out

multiple cultural based attributes of publicize and ads in relation to Indian buyers who generally
prefer Bollywood performing artist or western performing artist in advertisements. Because
if advertisements have Indian celebrities, and if so, whether they are far more apt to understand
or acknowledge this same item. The survey will provide us with in-depth analysis of their
perspective and impact of their own purchasing decisions. The response level is anticipated to be
moderate and the result should be precise without much bias, as the general viewing public will
respond to survey without any stress or impacts, and thus they are likely to speak anything they
like. To fix the prevalent bias problem the questionnaire would be constructed in such a way that
this is not premised on any specific character and straightforward to respond to. Even so, it is
probable that a few individuals like the elderly may not be willing to provide adequate responses
owing to lack of awareness and comprehension (Humphries, 2017). The questionnaire will also
not impair and endanger personal rights, and their permission will also be taken, since
confidentiality of answers will be safeguarded. The data so accumulated would only be
applied for research purposes. The outcomes will then be investigated using SPSS or Excel
software. The research results will enable us to recognise how people feel about presence of
celebrities in advertisements in aspects of their likeability, their legitimacy and the magnitude of
their impact in having made them buy a product they endorse. This investigation would not harm
anybody's interest. This study will offer worthwhile information to other people (Wiek and Lang,
2016).
Chapter 4/4 Finding, Analysis and Conclusion
Variables: In the aspect of research, term variable is anything which contains quantity or quality
which differs. There are mainly two types of research that are dependent and independent. In the
aspect of above mentioned dissertation, this can be outlined that there is both kinds of variables
including dependent and independent. It is so because large series of questions that is around 15
questions (Ulmer, 2017). Underneath, detailed analysis of these two types of variables has been
done in such manner:

 Dependent variable- It is defined as a form of variable which is completely tested and
dignified in a research. This type of variable completely depends on independent
variable. In order to find out impact, these variables are analysed. For instance, a
dependent variable is symptoms of stress which is completely depends on independent
variable (Type of treatment). In a research, researcher always look for possible impact on
the dependent variables which can be caused due to variation in independent variables. In
relation to above discussed dissertation, the dependent variable is influence on customers’
purchasing decision due to impact of celebrities.
 Independent variable- The independent variable can be defined as a variable which is
controlled and changed by researcher in order to have a direct impact on dependent
variable. The common example of independent variables is gender, level of education. In
the context of above discussed dissertation, it can be find out that the independent
variables are attractiveness of celebrities, credibility of celebrities, extent of influence and
current purchase rate of customers. These independent variables have been tested with
dependent variables in order to find out relation between both (Basias and Pollalis, 2018).
In the aspect of SPSS, there are a range of tests which are applied in order to assess impact of
independent variable on dependent variable. Some common tests which are used like Chi-square
test, one-way ANOVA and many more. It depends on researcher or nature of data set that which
types of test need to applied. For instance, Chi-square test is applied only when there are two
independent variables. As well as one-way ANOVA test is applied when number of independent
variables are more than two. In relation to data of impact of Indian celebrities over purchasing
decision of customers, it can be point out that there are two types of variables including
dependent and independent. In this situation, the linear regression model will be suitable because
data is related to two different segments about effectiveness of Indian celebrities and customers’
purchasing decision. The linear regression model is only way that can be used to test hypothesis
in order to make justification of impact of Indian celebrities’ over customers’ purchasing
decisions (Attia and Edge, 2017).
In the aspect of above mentioned data set, this can be assessed that there are both types of data
including dependent and independent variables. In accordance of given information, this can be
assessed that dependent variable is influence on the customers’ purchasing decision due to

celebrity advertisements. While the independent variables are extent of influence on customers,
purchase rate of customers, attractiveness, credibility of celebrity etc. In the report, these
dependent and independent variables have been tested in order to apply linear regression test.
Analysis: In this part of report different types of tests of SPSS have been performed in order to
evaluate findings. In accordance of given instructions mainly three types of SPSS tests are
needed to be done that are correlation, linear regression and reliability test. As per the given data,
it can be stated that it is related to impact of celebrity over influence of customers’ purchasing.
For this objective, there are 15 questions are designed which have different kinds of aspect.
Reliability test- Reliability refers to a single cause of incoherence (or even more than one) in
ratings. Validity relates to a special application of the test. In one series of measurements a test
may have higher reliability than another class; in one category of standardized tests it may also
have higher validity than another. In the context of above done dissertation, this can be find out
that data is included in form of different variables about Indian celebrities and customers’
purchasing decisions. Therefore, it is essential to apply reliable test over given data set
(Parayitam, Kakumani and Muddangala, 2020).
In this test, reliability of items is measured in accordance of received output of Cronbach’s alpha.
Below a table is presented that shows about extent to which items can be reliable or not:

This table indicates that if value of Cronbach’s alpha is higher or equal to 0.9 than internal
consistency will be considered excellent. In the above discussed, from investigation this can be
find out that there are a range of data set related to impact on customers’ purchase decisions due
to celebrities’ impact. This test has been applied in the context of above mentioned data set, so
that it can be identified whether data related to customers and celebrity influence are reliable or
not (Nagdev and Singh, 2016). This reliable test has been done in accordance of given set of
questions. On the basis of given set of questions, reliability test has been performed below in
such manner that is as follows:
Mentioned in Appendix 1:
Interpretation: On the basis of above prepared table, this can be find out that value of Cronbach’s
alpha is 0.882 which is under this range (0.9>a> 0.8). It indicates that data set is reliable and
internal consistency is good. This test has been performed over 14 questions because out of 15
question first question is about ethical clearance reference. The rationale behind this higher
reliable between given data set is that information is interlinked with each other. In other words,
in almost each section of questionnaire information related to Indian and western celebrities have
been included. As well as in remaining section of questionnaire customers’ purchasing rates and
influence due to celebrities is mentioned. Due to this connection between data, there is positive
and higher reliability.
Bi-variate correlation: The correlation is a term which is widely used in statistics. This is derived
from a Latin word, “Correlation” that means is relation. Basically, in research correlation is

measured in order to find out link between two or more phenomena. A correlation states the
strong point of relation or co-occurrence between to variables in a single value between -1 and
+1. The value that measures the strength of relation is known as correlation coefficient. This is
presented by letter “r”.
The person’s r is defined as correlation coefficient between two constant types of variables. In
the case when value of “r” is positive than it indicates that there is positive relationship between
two variables. If value of “r” is negative that it is considered that relationship is negative between
two variables. On the other hands, if value of “r” is zero that it is assumed that there is no
relationship between variables (Mittal, 2017).
In the context of dissertation, this can be assessed that there is both types of variables including
dependent and independent. In order to find out relation between these two variables, the
correlation has been performed. Herein, this is important to note that in 15 questions both types
of variables are included that needs to be categorized. The dependent variable is influence on
customers’ purchasing and this variables’ relation has been tested with independent variables.
The independent variables are serval in the given question. The information is about celebrities
and their credibility is considered as independent variable.
In accordance of given data set, correlation between different questions have been assessed in
such manner that is as follows:
1. Correlation between credibility of celebrities and influence on purchase decision
(Correlation between question 8, 12 & 13):
Appendix 2
Interpretation: On the basis of above table, this can be interpreted that there is poor relation
between two variables that are exist in question 8 and 13. This is so because value of correlation
is under 0.3 that is of 0.268. Similar as with question 13 and 8, because value of correlation is
0.001. though, there is average relation too between question 8 and question 13 variables. This
data of correlation is indicating that there is average relation between the Indian celebrities and
influence on customers’ performance. It can be because of less influence of Indian celebrities
over general customers. The correlation can be higher if there are more number of customers

who are making purchase of different items after influencing from advertisement done by Indian
celebrities. Herein, this is important to consider that current value of correlation is nearly of 0.3
which shows that some % of customers are getting influence to buy products after seeing the
advertisement.
2. Correlation between extent of influence and impact on customers purchasing decisions
(Correlation between Q3, Q4, Q7, Q10, Q11 and Q13).
Appendix 3
Interpretation: On the basis of above mentioned table, this can be interpreted that there is an
average relationship between extent of influence and impact on customers’ purchasing decision.
This is so because correlation table states that between each types of questions value of
significance difference are more than 0.3 but less than 0.8. The best average relation is between
question 4 and question 3. In these questions, the value of correlation is of 0.613 that is higher in
table. These stats of correlation between different kinds of aspects are indicating that there is
crucial relation between influence due to presence of celebrities and preference of celebrity
advertisement over non-celebrity advertisements. It is so because of value of higher correlation
that is of 0.613 (More than 0.3). Apart from it, the second best correlation in table is of influence
due to presence of celebrities and efficiency of Indian actor as compared to western actors. As
the value of correlation is around 0.513 that shows the better than average relation between these
two aspects (Sharma and Modani, 2018).
3. Correlation between attractiveness and influence on purchasing decision of customers
(Correlation among Q5, Q6 and Q13).
Appendix 4
Interpretation: On the basis of above prepared table, this can be interpreted that there is average
relation between attractiveness and influence on purchasing decision. In order to find out

correlation between these two variables, different types of questions are used that presents
average relation. The relation is average because of correlation value that is of 0.639 (0.3-0.7).
This value of correlation is stating that attractiveness of celebrities is much effective which is
leading to higher customers’ purchasing. As in both variables, value of correlation is nearby 0.9
that shows a strong relation. The attractiveness of celebrities has been covered under two
questions including 5 and 6. In these, information about presence of celebrities for advertisement
and rating to western actors is included. In the table, there is another figure of correlation around
0.434, it is between rating to western celebrities and influence on customers’ purchasing.
Though, there is not poor relation because value is greater than 0.3.
4. Correlation between purchase rate of customers and influence on purchasing decision
(Correlation between Q 9 and Q 13).
Appendix 5
Interpretation: The above mentioned table is showing that there is average relation between
purchase rate of customers and influence of celebrity on customers’ purchasing. For this aim,
two questions are selected that are question 9 and question 13. There is average relation because
the value of Pearson correlation is under range of 0.3 to 0.7. The relation between these two
variables including comparison of efficiency of celebrities and influence over customers’
purchasing decisions. The value of correlation is around 0.430 that is just above to 0.3 but less
than to 0.9. It shows that between these two variables, there is relation but not so strong. It is
showing that customers’ do not get too much influenced to make purchasing judgements due to
comparison of efficiency of the advertisement of both Indian and western celebrities.
Linear regression- In the aspect of statistics, linear regression is known as an approach which are
related to modeling of relationship between scalar response and one or more than explanatory
variables. This model is completely different from multivariate linear regression; this is so
because under it multiple variables are predicted. Mainly, it is used for making prediction of
certain variables. In the linear regression, there is two types of data is needed which are related to
dependent and independent (Agnihotri and Bhattacharya, 2020). In the context of dissertation,

this can be find out that linear regression model can be applied in accordance of categorizing
dependent and independent variables from given set of questionnaire. There is only one
dependent variable which is related to impact of celebrities’ influence on customers’ purchasing
decision.
In the context of given data set about, influence of celebrities over customers’ purchasing linear
regression test has been performed below in such manner:
On the basis of provided information about celebrities’ involvement in advertisement and
customers’ influence over purchasing, there can be different types of hypothesis. In order to
inspect data, below some hypothesis are prepared that are as follows:
H1:
Null hypothesis- Attractiveness of celebrities’ influence to customers’ purchasing decision.
Alternative hypothesis- Attractiveness of celebrities’ does not influence to customers’ purchasing
decision.
Appendix 6
Interpretation: The above prepared ANOVA table is indicating that value of significance
difference is of 0.000 which shows that null hypothesis is true. It is stating that attractiveness of
celebrities is making a significant impact on the customers’ buying decisions. In this aspect, the
dependent variable is impact on customers’ purchasing due to celebrities’ influence and for this
purpose question 13 has been considered. While independent variable is attractiveness of
celebrities and for this purpose two questions have been considered which are question 5 & 6
respectively. In the aspect of table of model summary, it can be find out that value of R is of
0.645 which shows that there is average relation between these variables. Along with value of R2
is of 0.749 or 74.9%, that states about total variation in dependent variable by independent
variable. In other words, the dependent variable (influence over customers’ purchasing) is related
with independent variables.

H2:
Null hypothesis- Credibility of celebrities have impact on the purchasing of customers.
Alternative hypothesis- Credibility of celebrities does not have impact on the purchasing of
customers.
Appendix 7
Interpretation: The above mentioned table of ANOVA is indicating that value of significance
difference is of 0.000 which is lower than 0.05. It shows that null hypothesis is true due to lower
value of significance difference. This corrective hypothesis is presenting that credibility of
celebrities have impact on customers’ purchasing decision. In this testing of hypothesis,
dependent variable is question 13. While independent variables are question 8 and question 12
respectively that shows information related to credibility of celebrities. In the aspect of table of
model summary, it can be find out that value of R is of 0.481 which shows that there is average
relation between these variables. Along with value of R2 is of 0.210 or 21.00 %, that states about
total variation in dependent variable by independent variable. In other words, the dependent
variable (influence over customers’ purchasing) is related with independent variables.
H3:
Null hypothesis: The extent of celebrity influence has impact on customers’ purchasing decision.
Alternative hypothesis- The extent of celebrity influence has no impact on customers’ purchasing
decision.
Appendix 8
Interpretation: The ANOVA table is presenting that above mentioned hypothesis is true because
of lower significance difference value of 0.000. This value is less than 0.05 that is leading as

corrective hypothesis. The true hypothesis is showing that extent of influence of celebrities has
an impact on purchasing of customers. In this testing, dependent variable is similar to above
hypothesis that is question 13. While there are a range of independent variables that are included
related to extent of influence including question 3, 4, 7, 10 and 11. The linear regression test has
been performed between these two dependent and independent variables in order to test the
hypothesis. The prepared values under model summary, it can be find out that value of R is of
0.634 that shows about average relation between influence of celebrities’ over customers’
purchasing decision. As well as R2 is of 0.360 or 36% that states about total amount of variation
in dependent variable because of independent variable.
H4:
Null hypothesis- There is relation between current purchase rate of customers and influence of
celebrities on customers’ purchase decision.
Alternative hypothesis- There is no relation between current purchase rate of customers and
influence of celebrities on customers’ purchase decision.
Appendix 9
Interpretation: On the behalf of above prepared ANOVA table, this can be interpreted that null
hypothesis is acceptable. The reason due to which this hypothesis needs to be accept is lower
value of significance compared to 0.05 (0.05>0.000). Due to it, this can be stated that there is
relation between current purchasing rate of customers and influence on customers’ purchasing
decision due to celebrities. In this hypothesis testing, dependent variable is common as previous.
Along with the independent variable is question 9 related to purchase rate of customers. The
prepared values under model summary, it can be find out that value of R is of 0.211 that shows
about poor relation between influence of celebrities’ over customers’ purchasing decision. As
well as R2 is of 0.211or 21% that states about total amount of variation in dependent variable
because of independent variable (Negi, Fernandes and Jeedigunta, 2018).
On the basis of above done testing of hypothesis, this can be find out that all hypothesis is true
because value of significance is of 0.000.

Findings:
In this section of dissertation, total findings are explained in a detailed manner. It has been done
in accordance of given explanation of each aspect of report. On the basis of above done analysis,
below some key findings are explained that are as follows:
On the grounds of methodology section, this can be find out that there are a range of approaches
to do the research. Each of them has certain drawbacks and benefits. It depends on topic of
research whether a particular method will be viable or not. In the first segment, quantitative
research has been applied in order to conduct area based research about China, UK and USA.
Herein, it is important to know that this all types of methods and approaches have been applied
by different researchers mentioned in their literature review. In order to find out information
about celebrities’ influence, rotation principle has been used. It was done by focusing on
advertisements of last three weeks by help of digital recording. As well as most of the questions
are related to scalable in terms of multi choice (Deshbhag and Mohan, 2020).
In addition to this, the analysis part indicates that there is relation between attractiveness of
celebrities and influence on customers’ purchasing. This is so because in each test of SPSS,
values are favorable. Though, there are some aspects in which poor relation exist but almost each
data is presenting average relation. From the reliability testing of data, this can be find out that
value is Cronbach is 0.882 which shows there is higher reliability in given set of information.
The rationale behind this is that all information is about customers and celebrities influence.
Apart from it, all questions set of questionnaire are related with Likert scale and this test is
possible only on those set of questions in which data is collected in the way of scalable values.
On the behalf of analyzed information about correlation, this can be find out that there is testing
done in relation to different types of questions. Almost each correlation test is showing that there
is average relationship. It is so because computed value of Pearson correlation was of above 0.3
and below 0.8. As well as some in relation to some questions’ correlation testing, it can be find
out that there is poor relation due to lower value than 0.3. Like in between question 8 and 13,
there is poor relation because value of lower correlation that is of 0.268 (0.3>0.268). Except

from it, almost each test is showing average relation. Thus, it can be find out that there is
relationship between influence of celebrities over purchasing of customers. Findings show that
individuals consider celebrity endorsements quite alluring, especially young people as well as
teenagers. Furthermore, on the grounds of the attractiveness, individuals find Bollywood
celebrities and movies more impact-full as celebrity endorsements. Results show that use of a
famous person in an advertising campaign tends to increase the awareness and recall
level of endorsed product (Arora, Prashar, Parsad and Tata, 2019). Overall , individuals believe
that different celebrity endorsements are much more flattering and efficient in affecting their
purchasing decisions. Intriguingly, individuals know and accept that celebs do not actually use
the products that they endorse. And although, celebrity endorsement deals have a very positive
influence on buyer behavior and views towards the endorsed brand. Second, positive relationship
between different celebrity qualities and consumers purchasing intentions
demonstrates effectiveness of celebs as productive endorsers. Though other traits are quite
significant in shaping consumer purchase intentions, most are considerably lower or moderate.
In the further part of report, testing of different hypothesis has been done. From this part,
it can be find out that all null hypothesis is true. It is so because in each testing value of
significance difference is 0.000 which is lower than 0.05 and this is rule that if value of
significance difference is lower than 0.05 than hypothesis will be true and acceptable. The
hypothesis has been created by help of given set of questions and testing has been done in
accordance of linear regression model. This result from tested hypothesis is indicating that there
is strong impact of celebrities’ influence over customers’ purchasing decision. In all these testing
of hypothesis, the dependent variable was constant. While independent variable was changed in
each testing. The dependent variable was about impact on customers’ purchasing decision. On
the other hands, independent variable was regarding to celebrities’ impact including
attractiveness, extent of influence and many more.
CONLCUSION
On the basis of above prepared project report this can be concluded that there is
significant impact of celebrities over customers’ purchasing decision. Though, this impact can be
negative or positive. This has been analyzed that there should be effective congruence between
celebrities and brands they endorsed as well as conception of celebrities should match key

attributes of endorsed brand. The investigation contends that famous celebrities endorsement is
not substantial in affecting branding and its undertaking variables such as brand positional play,
brand recognition, brand equity and awareness and brand public persona in India. Because
FMCGs are lower-involvement products, celebs influence consumers ' mentality towards
products, but as rural buyers vary from urban buyers in lifestyle habits and the decisions they
make vary from urban buyers as well. Hence endorsement of celebrities does not guarantee
revenues. Results of the investigation are compatible where purchasers might have favorable
disposition toward these celebrities, but they don't inherently always transform into buying
intentions. And customer perspective and behaviors is not influenced by famous celebrities
endorsement of branded products. Findings suggest that in India there is a need to reconsider
about the practices of celebrity endorsement specially in small towns. Customers
recognize endorsed or brand title as being of greater quality, thus ready to pay extra. It here
seems that the choice of endorser that is considered positively by customers and recognized to
embody attributes that suit product's attributes is crucial in attempt to have a substantial
influence on the perceived notion of consumer by indirect information (Singh And Banerjee,
2018). Clashing endorsers or sponsors who aren't even positively considered will have far less
influence on buyers. On other side, endorser who don't match product perfectly but he is viewed
positive ways could still have influence on the buyer, although the actual impact is likely to be
narrower than that of an efficiently aligned endorser. Well loved and respected backers can have
favourable impacts on consumers' perceptions yet if they don't match product well. When one
endorser supports many brand names, recalling endorsement relies completely on power
of brand. There are certainly several brands that go unreported, and recalling those positions is
at bare minimum. The corporation in such a case could enhance their advertising contents as this
may print effective place in mind-space of consumers. Another significant aspect which as been
explored that negative publicity could influence buying intention of buyers with context to lower
and higher involvement of products/services. Negative promotion of celebrities connected with a
product could ruin brand image and it might take a longer period to retrieve old image. Further,
people may easily accept celebrities with negative promotion to be brand-endorser is of specific
interest (Sharma, 2016).

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APPENDIX:
Appendix 1:
Reliability test:
Case
Processi
ng
Summa
ry
N %
Cases
Valid 76 93.8
Excludeda 5 6.2
Total 81 100.0
a. List
wise
deletion
based on
all
variables
in the
procedur
e.
Reliability
Statistics

Cronbach's
Alpha
Cronbach's
Alpha Based
on
Standardized
Items
N of Items
.882 .878 14
Item
Statistics
Mean Std.
Deviation
N
How often do you
watch advertisements? 2.83 1.226 76
Do you get influenced
by the presence of
celebrities in the
advertisements?
3.26 1.147 76
Do you prefer celebrity
advertisements over
non-celebrity
advertisements ?
3.08 1.163 76
How much do you rate
your knowledge about
western actors?
3.16 .994 76
Does the presence of
celebrities make an
advertisement more
appealing?
2.86 1.128 76

Are you able to
recognize an Indian
actor faster than a
western actor in an
advertisement?
1.95 1.070 76
Do you feel Indian
actors are better
promoters of products
displayed on
advertisements than
western actors in India?
2.34 1.102 76
Are you more likely to
purchase a product if it
is endorsed by an
Indian Actor or actress?
2.84 1.033 76
Do you prefer Indian
culture being displayed
in the advertisements
over the western culture
in terms clothing,
content of ad,
etiquette ?
2.20 .938 76
Are you better able to
recall or remember a
product if its
advertisement has an
Indian actor or actress?
2.39 1.008 76

Do you feel that the
kind of roles an actor
does affects their image
and eventually has an
effect on your purchase
decision of the product
they endorse?
2.45 1.124 76
Do you feel you are
more likely to buy a
product if it is endorsed
by an attractive
celebrity or a celebrity
you like ?
2.83 1.112 76
What age group you
belong too? 2.34 1.217 76
Gender 1.64 .534 76
Bivariate correlation:
1. Correlation between credibility of celebrities and influence on purchase decision
(Correlation between question 8, 12 & 13):
Appendix 2
Correlations
Q 8 Q12 Q
1
3
Q8 Pearson
Correlation 1 .268* .383**
Sig. (2-tailed) .019 .001

N 77 77 77
Q12
Pearson
Correlation .268* 1 .382**
Sig. (2-tailed) .019 .001
N 77 77 77
Q13
Pearson
Correlation .383** .382** 1
Sig. (2-tailed) .001 .001
N 77 77 77
*. Correlation is
significant at the
0.05 level (2-
tailed).
**. Correlation
is significant at
the 0.01 level (2-
tailed).
2. Correlation between extent of influence and impact on customers purchasing decisions
(Correlation between Q3, Q4, Q7, Q10, Q11 and Q13).
Appendix 3
Correl
ations
Q3 Q4 Q7 Q10 Q11 Q
1
3
Q3
Pearson Correlation 1 .613** .543** .323** .532** .495**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .004 .000 .000
N 77 77 77 77 77 77
Q4 Pearson Correlation .613** 1 .472** .316** .543** .480**

Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .005 .000 .000
N 77 77 77 77 77 77
Q7
Pearson Correlation .543** .472** 1 .502** .600** .261*
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000 .022
N 77 77 77 77 77 77
Q10
Pearson Correlation .323** .316** .502** 1 .622** .160
Sig. (2-tailed) .004 .005 .000 .000 .164
N 77 77 77 77 77 77
Q11
Pearson Correlation .532** .543** .600** .622** 1 .512**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000 .000
N 77 77 77 77 77 77
Q13
Pearson Correlation .495** .480** .261* .160 .512** 1
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .022 .164 .000
N 77 77 77 77 77 77
**.
Correla
tion is
signific
ant at
the
0.01
level
(2-
tailed).

*.
Correla
tion is
signific
ant at
the
0.05
level
(2-
tailed).
3. Correlation between attractiveness and influence on purchasing decision of customers
(Correlation among Q5, Q6 and Q13).
Appendix 4
Correlations
Q5 Q6 Q
1
3
Q5
Pearson
Correlation 1 .567** .639**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000
N 77 77 77
Q6
Pearson
Correlation .567** 1 .434**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000
N 77 77 77
Q13 Pearson
Correlation .639** .434** 1
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000

N 77 77 77
**. Correlation
is significant at
the 0.01 level (2-
tailed).
4. Correlation between purchase rate of customers and influence on purchasing decision
(Correlation between Q 9 and Q 13).
Appendix 5
Correlations
Q9 Q
1
3
Q9
Pearson
Correlation 1 .460**
Sig. (2-tailed) .000
N 77 77
Q13
Pearson
Correlation .460** 1
Sig. (2-tailed) .000
N 77 77
**. Correlation is
significant at the
0.01 level (2-
tailed).

Linear regression:
Appendix 6:
H1-

a.
Dependent
Variable:
Do you
feel you
are more
likely to
buy a
product if
it is
endorsed
by an
attractive
celebrity
or a
celebrity
you like ?
b. All
requested
variables
entered.
Model
Summary
Model R R Square Adjusted R
Square
Std. Error of
the Estimate
1 .645a .416 .400 .856

a.
Predictors
:
(Constant)
, How
much do
you rate
your
knowledg
e about
western
actors?,
Does the
presence
of
celebrities
make an
advertise
ment more
appealing
?
ANOVAa
Model Sum of
Squares
D f Mean
Square
F S
i
g
.
1 Regression 38.610 2 19.305 26.359 .000b
Residual 54.196 74 .732

Total 92.805 76
a.
Dependen
t
Variable:
Do you
feel you
are more
likely to
buy a
product if
it is
endorsed
by an
attractive
celebrity
or a
celebrity
you like ?

b.
Predictors
:
(Constant
), How
much do
you rate
your
knowledg
e about
western
actors?,
Does the
presence
of
celebrities
make an
advertise
ment
more
appealing
?
Coefficient
sa
Model Unstandardized
Coefficients
Standardized
Coefficients
t S
i
g
.
B Std. Error Beta
1 (Constant) .826 .340 2.429 .018

Does the presence of
celebrities make an
advertisement more
appealing?
.571 .106 .579 5.368 .000
How much do you rate
your knowledge about
western actors?
.118 .121 .106 .981 .330
a.
Dependent
Variable:
Do you feel
you are
more likely
to buy a
product if it
is endorsed
by an
attractive
celebrity or
a celebrity
you like ?
H2:
Appendix 7

a.
Dependent
Variable:
Do you
feel you
are more
likely to
buy a
product if
it is
endorsed
by an
attractive
celebrity
or a
celebrity
you like ?
b. All
requested
variables
entered.
Model
Summary
Model R R Square Adjusted R
Square
Std. Error of
the Estimate
1 .481a .231 .210 .982
a.
Predictors
:

(Constant)
, Do you
feel that
the kind
of roles an
actor does
affects
their
image and
eventually
has an
effect on
your
purchase
decision
of the
product
they
endorse?,
Do you
feel Indian
actors are
better
promoters
of
products
displayed
on
advertise
ments
than

western
actors in
India?
ANOVAa
Model Sum of
Squares
df Mean
Square
F S
i
g
.
1
Regression 21.431 2 10.716 11.110 .000b
Residual 71.374 74 .965
Total 92.805 76

a.
Dependen
t
Variable:
Do you
feel you
are more
likely to
buy a
product if
it is
endorsed
by an
attractive
celebrity
or a
celebrity
you like ?
b.
Predictors
:
(Constant
), Do you
feel that
the kind
of roles
an actor
does
affects
their
image and

eventually
has an
effect on
your
purchase
decision
of the
product
they
endorse?,
Do you
feel
Indian
actors are
better
promoters
of
products
displayed
on
advertise
ments
than
western
actors in
India?
Coefficient
sa

Model Unstandardized
Coefficients
Standardized
Coefficients
t S
i
g
.
B Std. Error Beta
1
(Constant) 1.390 .326 4.268 .000
Do you feel Indian
actors are better
promoters of products
displayed on
advertisements than
western actors in India?
.301 .105 .302 2.857 .006
Do you feel that the
kind of roles an actor
does affects their image
and eventually has an
effect on your purchase
decision of the product
they endorse?
.298 .105 .301 2.848 .006

a.
Dependent
Variable:
Do you feel
you are
more likely
to buy a
product if it
is endorsed
by an
attractive
celebrity or
a celebrity
you like ?
H3:
Appendix 8

a.
Dependent
Variable:
Do you
feel you
are more
likely to
buy a
product if
it is
endorsed
by an
attractive
celebrity
or a
celebrity
you like ?
b. All
requested
variables
entered.
Model
Summary
Model R R Square Adjusted R
Square
Std. Error of
the Estimate
1 .634a .403 .360 .884
a.
Predictors
:

(Constant)
, Are you
better able
to recall
or
remember
a product
if its
advertise
ment has
an Indian
actor or
actress?,
Do you
get
influenced
by the
presence
of
celebrities
in the
advertise
ments?,
Do you
prefer
Indian
culture
being
displayed
in the
advertise

ments
over the
western
culture in
terms
clothing,
content of
ad,
etiquette ?
, Do you
prefer
celebrity
advertise
ments
over non-
celebrity
advertise
ments ?,
Are you
able to
recognize
an Indian
actor
faster than
a western
actor in an
advertise
ment?
ANOVAa

Model Sum of
Squares
df Mean
Square
F S
i
g
.
1
Regression 37.355 5 7.471 9.566 .000b
Residual 55.451 71 .781
Total 92.805 76
a.
Dependen
t
Variable:
Do you
feel you
are more
likely to
buy a
product if
it is
endorsed
by an
attractive
celebrity
or a
celebrity
you like ?
b.
Predictors
:
(Constant
), Are you
better able

to recall
or
remember
a product
if its
advertise
ment has
an Indian
actor or
actress?,
Do you
get
influence
d by the
presence
of
celebrities
in the
advertise
ments?,
Do you
prefer
Indian
culture
being
displayed
in the
advertise
ments
over the
western

culture in
terms
clothing,
content of
ad,
etiquette ?
, Do you
prefer
celebrity
advertise
ments
over non-
celebrity
advertise
ments ?,
Are you
able to
recognize
an Indian
actor
faster than
a western
actor in
an
advertise
ment?

Coefficient
sa
Model Unstandardized
Coefficients
Standardized
Coefficients
t S
i
g
.
B Std. Error Beta
1 (Constant) .998 .358 2.790 .007
Do you get influenced
by the presence of
celebrities in the
advertisements?
.267 .123 .276 2.178 .033
Do you prefer celebrity
advertisements over
non-celebrity
advertisements ?
.179 .117 .188 1.528 .131
Are you able to
recognize an Indian
actor faster than a
western actor in an
advertisement?
-.175 .130 -.168 -1.344 .183

Do you prefer Indian
culture being displayed
in the advertisements
over the western culture
in terms clothing,
content of ad,
etiquette ?
-.252 .143 -.212 -1.766 .082
Are you better able to
recall or remember a
product if its
advertisement has an
Indian actor or actress?
.547 .155 .496 3.520 .001
a.
Dependent
Variable:
Do you feel
you are
more likely
to buy a
product if it
is endorsed
by an
attractive
celebrity or
a celebrity
you like ?

H4:
Appendix 9
a.
Dependent
Variable:
Do you
feel you
are more
likely to
buy a
product if
it is
endorsed
by an
attractive
celebrity
or a
celebrity
you like ?
b. All
requested
variables
entered.

Model
Summary
Model R R Square Adjusted R
Square
Std. Error of
the Estimate
1 .460a .211 .201 .988
a.
Predictors
:
(Constant)
, Are you
more
likely to
purchase a
product if
it is
endorsed
by an
Indian
Actor or
actress?
ANOVAa
Model Sum of
Squares
df Mean
Square
F S
i
g
.
1
Regression 19.608 1 19.608 20.091 .000b
Residual 73.197 75 .976
Total 92.805 76

a.
Dependen
t
Variable:
Do you
feel you
are more
likely to
buy a
product if
it is
endorsed
by an
attractive
celebrity
or a
celebrity
you like ?

b.
Predictors
:
(Constant
), Are you
more
likely to
purchase
a product
if it is
endorsed
by an
Indian
Actor or
actress?
Coefficient
sa
Model Unstandardized
Coefficients
Standardized
Coefficients
t S
i
g
.
B Std. Error Beta
1
(Constant) 1.437 .331 4.341 .000
Are you more likely to
purchase a product if it
is endorsed by an
Indian Actor or actress?
.493 .110 .460 4.482 .000

a.
Dependent
Variable:
Do you feel
you are
more likely
to buy a
product if it
is endorsed
by an
attractive
celebrity or
a celebrity
you like ?