Functions of Cell Parts, Multicellular Organisms, and Neuron Cell Structure and Function

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Table of Contents
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................2
LO2..................................................................................................................................................2
2.1Functions of various parts of the cell......................................................................................2
2.2Different level in multicellular organisms..............................................................................3
2.3Neuron cell: structure and function.........................................................................................4
LO3..................................................................................................................................................6
3.1Different substances moving across cell membrane...............................................................6
3.3Concept of water potential.....................................................................................................7
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY
LO2
2.1 Functions of different parts of the cell
A Eukaryote cell is defined as an organism that has more than one nucleus in its lifetime.
It possesses various structures such as the nucleus, chloroplast, golgi, mitochondria, vacuole
(Jang and et.al., 2020) . These structures are covered by a cell membrane and further surrounded
by the cell wall. Each structure has its own function in the cell which are:
Nucleus- It is a specialized structure which is found in every cell. It has a membranous network
which has pores that permits entry of molecules. Its function is to control and regulate the
activities such as the metabolism and growth of the eukaryote cell. It also carries the hereditary
information and the genes(El-Aouar Filho and et.al., 2017). Its primary function is to store the
DNA of the cell and facilitates its replication and transmission by maintaining its integrity. Its
functions help its structure to regulate the growth activities of the cell.

Endoplasmic reticulum- It is a network in the cell membrane through which the molecules and
proteins move. The general function of reticulum is to produce enough proteins for the cell to
perform it functions effectively.
Ribosomes- When proteins are assembled at organelles it is known as ribosomes. When proteins
are being exported from the cell, the ribosomes attach it to the endoplasmic reticulum by
providing a rough surface. The function of ribosomes helps in providing its a rough base to the
reticulum.
Mitochondria- These are also known as the power house of the cell. Its primary function is to
perform cellular respiration and oxidizing the food that is being provided to the eukaryote cell.
With effective functioning, it helps the structure of cell membrane in getting energy through
oxidization of food. Mitochondria produces energy for cell where as lysosomes helps in
recycling waste material. It helps in breaking down fuel molecules and capturing energy in
cellular respiration. Chloroplast and lysosomes are having link as it helps in covert energy in
food to energy the cell can use. Three main functions of Mitochondria are: produce the energy
currency of the cell, ATP through respiration, and to regulate cellular metabolism. Development
of ATP is important as it is a energy currency ball of cell.
Chloroplast- These are only found in plant cells because these are the organelles that uses
photosynthesis process and converts the light energy into chemically stable energy which is
reliable. Its primary function is to conduct process of photosynthesis. In other words it can be
said that, The main function of chloroplasts is to convert light energy into relatively stable
chemical energy with the help of photosynthetic process. It is one of the main processs as it helps
in sustaining life on earth. And also functions as like amino and fatty acid in the synthesis. Once
the sugar is made through photosynthesis then it is broken down by the mitochondria to generate
energy. Because animals get sugar from the food they eat there is no need chloroplast to generate
sugar.
Lysosomes helps in breaking down food and other materials. All these are linked with each other
and work together. To generate cells in which they live they need help of each other and support.
with the help of lysosomes food and other material is break down. Lysosomes main function is in
digestive system of the cell and helps in serving to both degrade materials that are being taken up
from outside of the cell and digestion obsolete components of cell itself.