Cervical Cancer: Definition, Historical Perspective, Pathophysiology, Prognosis, Follow-up, Future Treatment

Cervical cancer
Historical perspective of the disorder
 There are various strains of HPV (Human
papillomavirus) which
 lay a part in triggering the majority of the cervical
cancer .
 HPV is sexually transmitted infection
Whenever a woman is subjected to HPV , their
immune system avoids the virus from doing
harm .
In small number of ladies the virus can survive for
years , thus adding process that causes cells to the
surface of cervix to turn into cancer cells.
 In the 1920s there was no screening which existed.
Cervical cancer was detected via symptoms, which
meant death sentence.
 Dr George Papanicolaou’s screening approach
begun in USA in 1940s.
 It is widely utilized in UK as a national program of
cervical screening which was established in 1988.
definition of cervical
cancer
• It is a form of cancer that takes
place in the cells of the cervix
It requires place on the
lower section of the uterus
which links to the vagina(Analytical et
al. 2017).
Pathophysiology of cervical cancer
 It is an infection with HPV with two major risk aspects which are
chronic infection with high risk HPV and ineffective clearance of
virus.
 90% of HPV in women infections they clear on their own within
months/years
 HR HPV modifies genome sequence which affects the physiology
of women leading to various clinical presentations.
 Cytology exams display low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion
up to 2 years
 The process of transformation of cell infected with the HPV to
cancer is complex.
 Viral replication takes place within epithelial cell during
differentiation cycle.
 This is where the gene coding for the viral replication are
dispatched.
 The differentiation cycle is essential for production of viral
particles on to the squamous epithelium.
Prognosis of
cervical cancer
• Prognosis of this disorder is based
on various factors such as;
• Stage of the cancer
• Personal response to therapy
• Age of the patient
• Aggressiveness of the cancer
• General health and ability with the
withstand extensive surgery,
chemotherapy, and radiation
Stages of cancer and prognosis
This is the most crucial predictor of
prognosis of cervical cancer.
5 year survival rate
• This is the percentage of patients
who live at least 5 tears after they
are diagnosed with cancer.
• Survival rate looks at the death due
to the cancer or any other kind of
cause and this is within 5 years.
• With each passing year there is a
new improved therapy and early
diagnostic measure which increases
possibility to survive at least 5
years. (Wentzensen, et al.2016)
• Result show cervical screening is
saving five thousand people every
year in UK and pap tests could
reduce incidence of cervical cancer
by 90%.
• Survival rates are based on
outcomes of large numbers of
individual who had cancer.