Cesarean Delivery in Nigeria PDF

CRITIQUE OF
ARTICLE 2

Table of Contents
Artical Critique................................................................................................................................3
1.Description................................................................................................................................3
2.Artical Critique.........................................................................................................................3
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8

Artical Critique
1.Description
The study is all about Cesarean Delivery in Nigeria. The reason behind these research to
investing power and factors of Cesarean Delivery. This study may includes different methods
and material for conducting the researches on Nigeria Cesarean Delivery concepts. These
methods help for evaluating the total ratio of different types of delivery in Nigeria. Also, the
study conclude the result of the researches which is positive or negative. Also, the paper have
logical constructions such as it concludes the proper and fact base data for the research. This
paper also includes combining various data.
2.Artical Critique
2.1 Title and Abstract:
The title of these study was Cesarean Delivery in Nigeria. The main objective of this
study was to investigation the generality and constituent connected with caesarean delivery in
Nigeria. This was the alternate evaluation of NDHS, 2013 data. It usage frequency tabulation,
χ2test, variables binary logistic regression analysis and simple logistic regression to achieving
the objective of research.
Meantime, its abstract was aphoristic and broad which render an illuminating and
balanced summary. The abstract contain all the important elements of Caesarean Delivery. With
the help of this study reader can easily understand what is the study about, what has been done in
the study, what were the result of the study.
2.2 Introduction:
One of the strongest part about this research is the introductory part. The above paragraph
gave a clear knowledge about Caesarean Delivery. The study also includes available scientific
research which are important in Caesarean Delivery1. It is the type of surgery to deliver babies.
The caesarean delivery includes twin pregnancy, obstructed labor, high blood pressure in
women, breech birth etc. In this study literature completely relevant and also comprehensive
because it includes all the important elements which are important in caesarean delivery. With
1 Adewuyi EO, Auta A, Khanal V, Tapshak SJ, Zhao Y. Cesarean delivery in Nigeria:
prevalence and associated factors―a population-based cross-sectional study. BMJ open.
2019 Jun 1;9(6):e027273.

the help of introductory part readers are able to understand all the real and original concepts of
delivery.
2.3 Materials and Methods:
The STROBE model present that researches describe the scope, position and relevant
dates. This was doubtless achieved by this inquiry. This section of research specified caesarean
delivery area in Nigeria. Period of study also explain in this section.
Data source: Data analysis is this survey were origin from the Nigeria Demographic and Health
Survey 2013. In designing of survey stratified 3 phase clump sample was used. For this 904
cluster and 40320 representatives households selected for interview2. For collection of data
interviewer and administered design a questionnaire. For the survey 15-49 years women are
selected before a night of survey.
Sample Size: The amount of selected representative for the study was 40320, and only 38904
were engaged at tract work time of which 38522 were interrogated with success liberal a
household's outcome proportion of 99%. At respective even an entire of 39902 females of age
15-49 ages were entitled for the study. And the women result proportion of 97.6%. The about
new 5 years deliveries in 2013 NDHS was 31828. Total of 31171 mother has detail knowledge
about the child delivery. Also, used the method of STROBE(Strengthening the Reporting of
Observational Studies in Epidemiology) cross-sectional list when written the study.
Variables Dependent variables: Caesarean delivery is the most importation final result of
involvement in this survey. All caesarean deliveries were evaluated as, due to
unavailability of content 2013 NDHS, it was not manageable to sort of information on the
kind of caesarean delivery. NDHS 2013, uses the multiple binary logistic regression
analysis for the response's collection, non-caesarean delivery use code “0” and caesarean
delivery using code was “1”.
2 Onoh RC, Eze JN, Ezeonu PO, Lawani LO, Iyoke CA, Nkwo PO. A 10-year appraisal of
cesarean delivery and the associated fetal and maternal outcomes at a teaching hospital in
southeast Nigeria. International journal of women's health. 2015;7:531.

 Independent variables: This types of variables were selected as per the objectives of
study. The variables were are set in four groups i.e. socio-economic, health seeking/
support, biodemogaphic and sociocultural factors3. In this biodemogaphic factors
included residence, maternal age, preceding birth interval such as more than 24 months or
less than 24 months, types of birth like twins or singles etc. also, this study gives a detail
information about the birth.
Data analysis: χ2test were used for summarizing the study and for represented the power of
caesarean section. For evaluating the unadopted organization between obstetrical delivery
section and each instructive shifting, this research use simplex logistic regression analysis4.
Shifting were favourite for involvement in the multiple logistics regression exemplary if they
satisfied the standard of p<0.05 in the simplex logistical regression reasoning.
2.4 Results
Sample characteristics
It is shows the characteristic of the research associate the powerfulness of obstetrical
delivery in Nigeria. Entire of 31171 deliveries in 5 years earlier 2013 NDHS was concluded in
the research. Nearly 2 third of deliveries happen in the agricultural region, and one third come
about in north-west. The lowest deliveries rate in South East religion(9%). And 50% of
caesarean deliveries occurred were to females who has hapless conditions. 1.5% women has
health insurance, 95.8% women were wedded or shack up with partner and 70% women were
working. Public health facilities had 22.6% dimension of deliveries than cloistered facilities
12.9% and many deliveries happen at place which was 64.5%.
Prevalences of caesarean delivery
The entire numbers of deliveries, 659 were through caesarean delivery. The huge amount
of obstetrical delivery was determined in females who have their health insurance 10%, those
whose delivery are conduct in private hospitals 7.2% obese females were 6.9% and multiple
3 Adewuyi EO, Auta A, Khanal V, Tapshak SJ, Zhao Y. Cesarean delivery in Nigeria:
prevalence and associated factors―a population-based cross-sectional study. BMJ open.
2019 Jun 1;9(6):e027273.
4 Bamigboye AA, Okonofua FO. The peritoneum at laparotomy: A survey of
gynaecological practice among Nigerian gynaecologists. South African Journal of
Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2017;23(2):48-50.

births had 6.4%. Caesarean delivery concept was high in those females who have metric level of
teaching or from rich family. There were some data who give prevalences the caesarean delivery
i.e. Christian women 4.1%, South West residence religion 4.7%, who accompanied at least four
precaution meeting 3.9% and municipality field 4%. The worst prevalences of obstetrical
delivery was determined among females affirmation Islam 0.6%, whose partner has no education
0.4% .
Factors associated with caesarean delivery in Nigeria
It is shows the consequence of both the un adapted and the tuned companion between
caesarean delivery and autonomous changeable5. According the data whose hubby metric level
of teaching and had about two times gain ratio of delivering kids through with a Caesarean
delivery than those whose spouse had no educational activity. Likewise, the ratio of Caesarean
section were all over double high for mother-like age less than 35 years with parent time of life
more than 20 years. More or less dual accrued ration of caesarean delivery were transcribed
among females professing Christianity compared with those in Islam. Comparison with the
beginning state less than 4 the ratio of CS for birth order 1 and birth order 2-3 were 3.9 times.
2.5 Discussion and conclusion
It determines the national power of Caesarean delivery to be 2.1% in African nation
which show nether usage of the religious ritual in the state6. Component connected with low-
level prevalences and reduced ration of Caesarean delivery concludes residency in agricultural
areas, lack of prenatal attending, tie-up with Muslim content, low rate of health insurance, few
and lower knowledge of husband education. Past studies have address much high level of power
in north we4st 11.3%, 18.8% in the south-east and in the south-west is 40.1% location in Nigeria.
Whereas, these survey were organization settled and don't give clear picture about the power of
Caesarian delivery in Nigeria.
5 Ige OA, Oyedepo OO, Adesina KT, Enaworu II. Anesthesia for cesarean section in the
University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria: A 5-year review. Journal of
Medicine in the Tropics. 2019 Jan 1;21(1):10.
6 Onoh RC, Eze JN, Ezeonu PO, Lawani LO, Iyoke CA, Nkwo PO. A 10-year appraisal of
cesarean delivery and the associated fetal and maternal outcomes at a teaching hospital in
southeast Nigeria. International journal of women's health. 2015;7:531.

A scope of component may state the low prevalences of Caesarean delivery recovered in
the existing research. First is a small way to and convenience of obstetrical precaution work in
Nigeria. As per the guideline of WHO's at-least five EOC installation per 500000 individual one
of which able of render broad EOC employment, and they want to be equally distributed in the
people. This type of services and facilities reporting has til now to be effected in Nigeria.
Through the gettable information it shows that expertise and facilities for EOC are lacking or
distributed apportioned in the state. Way to adeptness can be pathetic, reporting low and the
required work force for anaesthesia and Caesarian bringing may be inadequate in numerous
adeptness.
Next the multivariate investigation the ratio of Cesarian delivery were 50% high in
municipality differentiate with agricultural residency, and that is collect to the urbanized benefit
in way to obstetrical aid work in Nigeria7. Caesarian deliveries 1 of 9 life redemptive
provocation that represent broad EOC, and survey consent on pitiful reporting or convenience of
work in the agricultural area of Nigeria.
Past studies have shown maternity in the usage of Obstetrical delivery between the rich
and poor, components affiliated to the financial ability accession to well-being protection were
powerfully connected with enhanced utilization of Caesarean delivery in this research. For case,
females with wellness insurance coverage had the full power of Caesarean section 10%.
Likewise, the ratio of a Caesarean delivery were multiple high among the women whose partner
had at least a secondary level of eduction an achievable reason of higher socio-economic status.
The outcome of our χ2 and simple logistic regression analysis lend acceptance to this statement
tell that female in moneyed house had more than great power and enhance the ration of using
Caesarean section differentiate with their equivalent in pathetic family.
There is agreeable information that channel birth process is connected with the many
follow in female with FGC, which may consequence in high risk of Caesarean section8. Study,
display that FGS was not related with an enhanced power or undaunted odds of Caesarean
7 Isah AD, Adewole N, Zaman J. A five-year survey of cesarean delivery at a Nigerian
tertiary hospital. Tropical Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2018;35(1):14-7.
8 Ige OA, Oyedepo OO, Adesina KT, Enaworu II. Anesthesia for cesarean section in the
University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria: A 5-year review. Journal of
Medicine in the Tropics. 2019 Jan 1;21(1):10.

section. Modest way to the obstetrical operating in Nigeria may have altered to our collection for
highlight problem affiliated to the supplying part of work.
The domestic representative of the 2013 NDHS way our collection are generic to all
females of reproduction age in Nigeria. Devalued lacking information, usage of tangled sampling
and broad outcome rates are extra capability of this research. Granted the cross-sectional plan of
the information analysed, informal relation between our results and informative multivariate
could not be obstinate. In conclusion, 2013 NDHS information are at almost 5 long time old and
may not show the actual authorities of belongings in Nigeria.
CONCLUSION
In Nigeria, there considers low currency of caesarean delivery. There are some reasons
like Islamic religions, rural flats, lack of antenatal visit, absence of husbands/couple's education
and birth plan less than four, deficiency of health insurance analysis which gives negative impact
on currency and decreased distinction of caesarean delivery that shows risk for country and
peoples. In whole study, focused on critical demands for enhance plans and utilize of life saving
CS in Nigeria. Present currency shows risk for maternal and new born morals because it's not
sufficient to full fill their needs. Whole study tells about factors like geographical (residential
place) and socio-economical (culture, population, growth rate and growth exchange rate etc.) are
associated with the low currency of CS in Nigeria. It will fail all policy plans and will create
crisis, in that phase people will like to migrate rather to stay.
A approach which is based on faith, as well as interruption, is focused on women
authorization or parental freedom which is proved beneficial to elaborate the uptake of CS,
among women with Islamic connection in Nigeria. Obstetric care services should be improved
further in all regions of Nigeria, this decision recommended by WHo's on EOC. This decision
brings improvement and increasing EOC facility and promote distribution, improve strength and
skills of staff's as well as boost up the existing facility in Nigeria.
Consider that CS is costly in Nigeria where founds inequalities between rich and poor in
the country, in that phase delivery services needs to be freely available. On the basis of analysis,
found that universal health insurance and practical awareness are important while on other hand,
caesarean deliveries interlink with parental overweight and obesity which are avoidable. Some
health promotion program is organized to prevent maternal overweight/obesity which creates
risk for CS and several chronic diseases. Further, studies shows country variation and are

recommanded to utilization of CS in Nigeria, while population based studies examine the
transformation in fear and culture activity for utilize or non utilize of CS Nigeria.

REFERENCES
Books and journals
Adewuyi EO, Auta A, Khanal V, Tapshak SJ, Zhao Y. Cesarean delivery in Nigeria: prevalence
and associated factors―a population-based cross-sectional study. BMJ open. 2019 Jun
1;9(6):e027273.
Onoh RC, Eze JN, Ezeonu PO, Lawani LO, Iyoke CA, Nkwo PO. A 10-year appraisal of
cesarean delivery and the associated fetal and maternal outcomes at a teaching hospital in
southeast Nigeria. International journal of women's health. 2015;7:531.
Ige OA, Oyedepo OO, Adesina KT, Enaworu II. Anesthesia for cesarean section in the
University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria: A 5-year review. Journal of
Medicine in the Tropics. 2019 Jan 1;21(1):10.
Isah AD, Adewole N, Zaman J. A five-year survey of cesarean delivery at a Nigerian tertiary
hospital. Tropical Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2018;35(1):14-7.
Bamigboye AA, Okonofua FO. The peritoneum at laparotomy: A survey of gynaecological
practice among Nigerian gynaecologists. South African Journal of Obstetrics and
Gynaecology. 2017;23(2):48-50.