Child Development Stages: Physical, Cognitive, Social and Emotional Development

This article discusses the different stages of child development including physical, cognitive, social and emotional development. It covers topics such as safe and healthy environment, motor development, and involving parents and carers in education. The article also describes the transitions children and young people go through and how support is provided to them.

Child Development Stages

Table of Contents
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
Q.1 Different stages of child development.................................................................................3
Q.2 Four main categories of child development.........................................................................3
Q.3 Defining safe and healthy environment...............................................................................4
Q.4 Stages of development between ages 0 and 19 years for intellectual and language
development................................................................................................................................4
Q.5 Describe motor development and its different types............................................................5
Q.6 What is cognitive and intellectual development..................................................................6
Q.7 Different elements of social and emotional development in children and young people....6
Q8. Transitions children and young people go through and how support is provided to them. .6
Q.9 Importance to involve parents and carers in education for children and young people.......7
REFERENCES ...............................................................................................................................8

MAIN BODY
Q.1 Different stages of child development
There are three main stages of child development which is described as -
Early Childhood (Birth to eight years) — This stage involves the child which are newborn till
eight years of age. Children in this stage transform their body into walking, talking, moving etc.
There are some psychological and physical development which are seen in the new born child.
These changes are observed at large scale.
Middle Childhood (Eight to twelve years) — At this age the child is able to understand some
basic concepts which are related to money and time. Also, child is able to understand aspects
which are related to interpersonal development, changes are observed which undergo refinement
and motivation is also increased (Kesavelu and et.al., 2021).
Adolescence (Twelve to eighteen years) — Adolescence is the time when there are frightening
changes which are observed within children. These changes include physical, cognitive growth,
emotional, responsibilities and people which are involved.
Q.2 Four main categories of child development
There are four main categories of child development are described as -
Physical — Physical development means that child is growing physically which includes
strengthening of bones, muscles and ability to touch surroundings. These are some physical skills
which are being addressed for this purpose.
Communication and language — The children in this category learn how to speak and
communicate properly by learning language according to culture they are living. Children learn
to communicate which helps them in speaking language.
Cognitive — This domain includes creativity and intellectual development among children. Kids
gain ability to process, understand various things which are around them which also helps them
in changes taking place (Davoodi and et.al., 2020).
Social and emotional development — Children in this domain involve in understanding their
emotions. They also feel how others are developing their perspective towards how effectively
and in appropriate manner child is able to learn and develop emotional standards.

Q.3 Defining safe and healthy environment
Safe and healthy environment is defined as studies that implement the practical aspects of
how the environment is being protected by maintaining all health and safety measures. It
becomes very important that the children are provided with safer and healthier environment
which helps them to know more about changes which are taking place in environment. Safe and
healthy environment includes sanitation and hygiene, stable climate, clean air, adequate water
(Todorović and et.al., 2020). It is very important that children are provided by safe and healthy
environment which helps them, in knowing the aspects and prepares them to keep their body and
health positive. Apart from this, safer and healthier environment is provided to children which
makes them known more about the environment and daily changes which are taking place.
Q.4 Stages of development between ages 0 and 19 years for intellectual and language
development
There are four stages of intellectual and language development between the ages 0 to 19
years. These are described as below -
Sensorimotor — This is the stage which is birth through ages 18 – 24 months. In this stage
infant learn things. Between 7 – 9 months, infants begin to realize placing of objects which helps
in analyzing permanence of objects.
Preoperational Stage — In this stage, toddler is able to think things which are placed
symbolically. The use of language becomes more mature as they are able to speak language
which is known and understandable to them (Ilozumba, 2020).
Concrete Operational Stage — The preadolescent children and elementary age show concrete
and logical reasoning. Children are aware of external events more than compared to focusing on
themselves.
Formal Operational Stage — This is fourth stage of intellectual development which is above
age 11 plus and are able to use concepts which are determined with algebra and science. They
also ponder upon abstract relationships and justice as one of the concept.
Q.5 Describe motor development and its different types

Motor development is defined as strengthening and physical growth of child's bones,
ability to move muscles and feel and touch the surroundings. Motor development also refers to
all the small movements which helps in knowing how the movements are being done by the
children. There are two main types of motor development which are described as -
Gross Motor Development — It is the development of muscles which are large in the body of
children which involves walking, running, climbing etc. These consist of major arm and leg
muscles. This also involves larger muscles movement which is coordinated with the body.
Fine Motor Development — Fine motor development helps in knowing how effectively the
movement of muscles are being developed. This involves movement of small muscles specially
fingers and muscles. This also involves either playing any game or moving the body regularly for
day to day activities which takes place (Clark and et.al., 2021).
Therefore, motor development helps in knowing how large muscle and small movement
muscles are developed at large scale and how this has helped in knowing movement to take place
within children. This also increase sense of sensory nerves which involves the touch of the
surroundings effectively and in appropriate manner.
Q.6 What is cognitive and intellectual development
Cognitive development is defined as how children think, explore and figure out the things
on their own. It is the process of development of problem solving, knowledge which is enabling
the children to think, understand and act for world around them. Brain development is also part
of cognitive development. This helps in knowing basis through which development is done for
knowing basis through which learning is being done (Patel and et.al., 2018).
Intellectual development is defined as the changes which are observed as a result of
growth and development which takes place. It is all about organizing the minds, thoughts and
ideas which is being created at large scale. Intellectual development helps in knowing mind
development and how the brain is developing learning process which is being analyzed
appropriately.

Q.7 Different elements of social and emotional development in children and young people
Elements of social and emotional development in children and young people are described as
-
Acting — Acting is described as how the children or young people learn various thing which
helps them in learning through the social environment.
Feeling — Understanding the emotions of others and analyzing own emotions is one of the key
features which helps in learning and feeling the things which makes the children and young
people know how the learning and understanding is done in appropriate manner (Bridges, 2017).
Thinking — The attention and thinking process is being regulated as how the person thinks and
grabs knowledge from surroundings. Also, the process of learning is also made easier which
helps in analyzing basis through which children and young people their thinking process.
Q8. Transitions children and young people go through and how support is provided to them
There are some basic and proper transitions which are being evaluated and known among
children and young people. These transitions are related to both physical and mental changes
which are observed within the individuals and young people. Physical transitions include moving
to new educational setting, moving from one stream to another etc. The intellectual changes are
also the transitions which includes moving from nursery to primary school for children and later
than to secondary school.
Young people go through the changes within the family which includes separation or
divorce of parents, birth of a new sibling, moving the house or death of a family member. This
impacts the children and the young people when these situations are gone through (Thompson
and et.al., 2018). Young people and children feel the changes which are gone through in the daily
setting within the environment. Support to children and young people are provided due to the
changes which they may face. Any negative impact which is faced by the children and young
person influences and affects their health. This makes the children and young people experience
the change in the emotions or sense of loss. This makes the aspects of learning and gaining
knowledge through the surroundings at large scale. This helps in knowing how effectively and in

appropriate manner the children and young people are supported for negative changes which are
observed in their behavior.
Q.9 Importance to involve parents and carers in education for children and young people
Parents and carers are most important influencers in education for children and young
people and are therefore considered as most important part of the life in all aspects. The support
which is being provided by the parents helps in knowing the basis through which they are
actively involved within the lives of their children and help them in gaining the best education
for their successful future. The active involvement of parents helps the community to learn and
gain knowledge by promoting the importance of education (Schneider, 2018).
This also helps the children in involving into the process of day to day learning and
studies within the education process. Importance of parents in young people's life helps ion
knowing the basis through which all aspects of stages of life are considered at large scale.
Parents become the key pillars in improving the lives of the young people and provide them
direction towards choosing the correct path.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Bridges, K.M.B., 2017. The social and emotional development of the pre-school child.
Routledge.
Clark, J.E. and et.al., 2021. Motor development: A perspective on the past, the present, and the
future. Kinesiology Review. 1(aop). pp.1-10.
Davoodi, T. and et.al., 2020. Essentialization of social categories across development in two
cultures. Child development. 91(1). pp.289-306.
Ilozumba, U., 2020. The home as the primary source of intellectual development: From a
phenomenological and anthropological perspective. In People, Care and Work in the
Home (pp. 110-124). Routledge.
Kesavelu, D. and et.al., 2021. Stages of Psychological Development of Child-An Overview. Int J
Cur Res Rev| Vol. 13(13). p.74.
Patel, D.R. and et.al., 2018. Intellectual disability: definitions, evaluation and principles of
treatment. Pediatric Medicine. 1(11). pp.10-21037.
Schneider, B., 2018. Parents, their children, and schools: An introduction. In Parents, their
children, and schools (pp. 1-12). Routledge.
Thompson, S.R. and et.al., 2018. Using altered art for children who language broker: Navigating
roles and transitions. Journal of Mental Health Counseling. 40(4). pp.302-315.
Todorović, M. and et.al., 2020. Economic implications of the role of insurance in creating a safe
work environment. Ekonomika. 66(4). pp.85-94.