Children's Holistic Development From Birth To 19 Years Of Age

This assignment focuses on the holistic development of children from birth to 19 years of age. It explores the physical, social, emotional, intellectual, language, and moral development in different age groups. The assignment discusses the key milestones and skills achieved in each stage of development.

Children's Holistic Development
From Birth To 19 Years Of Age

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Child development refers to overall changes occur in human body in biological,
psychological and emotional context between the duration of birth and conclusion of
adolescence. It includes the criterion of developing in sequence of physical, language, thought
and emotional changes which takes place in an individual during the period from birth to
adulthood (Wagner and Heinrich-Weltzien, 2017). Meanwhile, it consist progress of child in
regards to their dependency on their parents or guardians in order to increase the ability of
independence. However, it is necessary to provide support to kids in terms of their development
as it will get influenced through genetic factors as well as events during prenatal life. It is
observed that child development also get affected by environment factors along with influencing
their learning ability. In context of this assignment, it is based on holistic development of
children from birth to 19 years of age through analysing various relevant elements. It will focus
on key development areas such as physical, social, emotional, intellectual, language and moral.
This project will also includes development in different age groups like birth to 1 year old, 2-3
years old, 4-6 years old, 7-9 years old, 10-12 years old, 13-15 years old and 16-19 years old.
MAIN BODY
Child development can be defined as physical, biological psychological and emotional
changes occurs which are helpful to enhance their abilities of developing factor of independence.
It includes the physical development like weight, height and developing bones & muscles which
influence by genetically inherited characteristics which are transmitted from parents to their kids.
Meanwhile, several stages of child development is given below.
Birth to 1 year old – After birth, baby started respond to their nearby world and remain
calm by loud voice of parents. It includes the stage when a child focus on face of other people
and their tiny fingers begin to curl around their parent's hand or close into fists. However, it
consist the the development during 2 months of a kid when they have started to hold their head
before learning about the way of walking (Spencer-Smith and et. al., 2018). Babies also tries to
fuss, cry or squeal to grab attention and found new strength to pull up their arms when lying on
belly. The toddler start crawling and walking by analysing new freedom.
 Physical development: At this stage, several physical changes occurs regarding
development such as they lies on back with head to one side, primitive reflexes and head
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legs while pulled up to sit. It includes head control, hand tight fist and movement of head
& eyes along with waving aims and kicks legs. However, babies can sit with support ad
rolls over the during 6 months of age whereas they can sit without any support at the age
of 9 months. Additionally, they can walk and stand alone at the age of 1 year and enjoy
self feeding as well as holds cup with help along with become capable to to picks few
things.
 Social development: This involves the the developing skills that child soothed by touch
and voice of their parents. It includes that a kid has limited society including their family
members from which they interact on daily basis. Meanwhile, it consist the the
interaction with limited people and child can only respond to them like parents or siblings
(Goodway, Ozmun and Gallahue, 2019). In addition to this, it involves the knowledge of
kids during 1 year gain knowledge about their small world including limited area of the
house with few of individuals who remains around them every time.
 Emotional development: The child has developed several period of alertness and express
their need by crying and indicating towards the thing they want. It includes the sense of
emotions towards parents and respond with smile to them and cry when stranger touch
them.
 Intellectual development: It consist the changes that a child looks at faces when quite &
alert and become calm when upset. They follows the faces and stare at objects nearby
placed but specially focus on things which has bright colour & louder voice. However,
children become alert when listen high pitch sound and track faces and objects from side
to side. Additionally, children get distracted by surroundings easily and become excited
when a care providers approach to them.
 Language development: They have main language of starting crying when they want
something like changing diaper, to be held or fed or to sleep. It includes the fact that
children become startles at loud noises and make sounds rather to crying along with
babbling with expression to gain attention (Horowitz‐Kraus and et. al., 2017). They
express blows bubbles, smiles, laughs and squeals along staring at face of other people.
 Moral development: It has been analysed that sense of morality took a little bit longer
time for developing as compared to other skills. By the end of first of year of age, some
of kids start to learn about right and wrong things and communicate their preferences.
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2 to 3 years old – This stage includes that toddlers learn to express themselves about
things they want and children have started developing the language, balance, coordination and
learning during this period. It includes the skill of improving urge of pooping & peeing ad
expressing their need by suitable symptoms. Meanwhile, children become more naughty and try
to focus on new things exist in their surroundings which are attractive or bright. Moreover, kids
can develop new skills and sense of autonomy as they can analyse about their care that whether it
is right or wrong. Additionally, kids also tend to be vulnerable because they feel low esteem and
shame at the time of inability in relation to learn something.
 Physical development: The physical development of a child during this stage of life make
them capable to walk down stairs with support and can use spoon. It includes the
utilisation of tiny objects, turn handles and pulls off shoes or shocks (Bjorklund and
Causey, 2017). However, they become able to climb up the furniture, tries to kick ball,
jumps from low steps, pedals the tricycle and draw dots & circles. Moreover, children
gain ability of turn pages in book, undoes buttons, threads large beads and they can build
bridges with the help of using blocks when shown.
 Social development: The kids develop themselves socially and start to indicate
preference for several activities including show resistance of involved in other interesting
activity. It includes the criterion of using transitional objects which make them
comfortable like blanket or stuffed animal that facilitate their self comfort. Basically, it
consist their skills to start for engaging in pretend play and plays alongside other kids in
neighbourhood. Meanwhile, it includes the knowledge development as they differentiated
between girl & boy and like to remain in their company of play.
 Emotional development: This involves ability of showing string dislikes including fear of
high pitch volume or bath time, they also indicates affection towards care providers with
kisses and hugs respectively (Hopkins, Cermak and Merritt, 2018). It includes that
children laughs in response to another individuals, indicates affection and assert
themselves through angry tantrums. Meanwhile, they plays and make believe on several
individual including their parents or siblings.
 Intellectual development: The child become able to follow simple commands and
imitates activities including sweeping of the floor. It includes their involvement in
procedures related to problem solving like puzzles which are that simple but not the
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complex one (Schlager, 2017). Basically, kids know about name of their favourite toys
and their own name as well as age. Meanwhile, they have ability to match objects in pairs
identify familiar characters in a picture book. Additionally, it consist the their skill of
saying around 2 sentences regarding their needs of daily basis.
 Language development: They have developed their basic symbolic language by pulling,
pointing and grunting towards the thing which they want. It includes the the
understanding of responding simple command by their parents. Meanwhile, it consist use
of two word sentences and pronounce specific word like breakfast rather than baby talk
of 'num-nums'.
 Moral development: The child may indicate their empathy based guilt and moral
behaviours and they actions towards their parents show that kids have learned about
obedience as a norm.
4 to 6 years old – At the age of 4 to years, the child become more confident as well as
independent. Most of kids are observed to develop greater self control, creativity ad
interdependence. Basically, children are much capable to express their emotions more clearly
when they get frustrated (Garbarino, 2017). The interest gets started among them to plays with
their toys for longer duration of time and deny to participate in other activities. Meanwhile, kids
usually go to school at this age and make friends there along with follow opinion of their teacher
in proper way.
 Physical development: At this duration of time, individuals gather several physical
abilities such as hopping, throwing, kicking, balls, climbing, swinging with ease and
running. For example, they can be somersault & hop and walk easily up and down to
stairs with any help of adults. It includes their skill on standing alone on one foot more
than around 9 seconds and walk forward and back ward with ease. For instance, a child
have developed their skills to peddle tricycle, copy shapes like circle, triangle & square
along with make drawing of a person with while body. During this period of life, children
can do their few of work by their own like dress & undress, brush teeth and other
personal needs.
 Social development: The social involvement get increased among children and they
enjoy playing with other kids as well as pleasing their friends. It includes heir action of
sharing and taking turns of themselves while playing games and capable to understand at
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least all the rulers of game spaying in their neighbourhood (Tseng and et. al., 2016). For
instance, they understanding about their turn to get gifts or other things among siblings
from their parents. It consist the criterion of analysing the roles and obey them but some
times become uncooperative as well as more demanding which may create problems for
parents.
 Emotional development: When a child running between the life duration of 4 to 6 years
of age then they begin to understand feelings of other people and analyse the situation.
For instance, a child become much capable to work through conflicts and able to control
their emotions in different situations. They can indicate about their emotions of anger,
sadness, crying and happiness in a clear manner. It has been analysed that children have
develop effective skills in order to express their feeling of anger in verbal way besides of
showing them physically.
 Intellectual development: Children are responsible for gathering their skill to become
curious and inquisitive to know about new facts and concepts for carrying out a
conversation with other people. For instance, they have started developing the vocabulary
and it remain growing day by day. However, the have an ability to put questions in easy
as well as logical manner along wit expressing their feelings in better way (Whitrow and
et. al., 2016). It consist their skill of following few of commands like brush your teeth,
put books away and then get in bed.
 Language development: It consist the condition of kids in which they feel more energetic
silly at times, behave like rowdy and obnoxious accordingly. For example, children have
developed various skills and they can enjoy activities including rhyming, singing and
making up words. It includes their skill of speaking complex sentences clearly, correctly
named colour & shapes, count objects and recognise few of letters along with writing
them like their own name. Meanwhile, kids can understand about concept of time and
follow their correct sequence of activities carried out on daily basis including breakfast,
lunch and dinner at desired time like morning, afternoon and night.
 Moral development: In this stage of life, kids become morally developed as they respect
their elders and knows to ways obeying their parents and teachers (Egalite, 2016). For
example, children greet their teacher by saying good morning and follow their
instructions in school.
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7 to 9 years old – This duration of life consist the situation when children begin to
advancing towards their level of adolescence when peer relationships plays an important role in
their lives. It can be considered as a very signifiant stage of life in regards to development of kids
in emotional as well as social context. They have started growing their senses of independence
along with developing confidence for solving issues and perhaps taking risks. Moreover, some of
kids are much able to show about their skill of conducting self evaluation and can laugh at
themselves accordingly.
 Physical development: The physical development of a child at the age of 7 to 9 years
includes creation of physical strength in regards to take part in sports and other physical
activities. It includes the criterion of developing sportsmanship along with learning
regrading winning or losing in graceful manner. For example, a child become capable by
development of competence in different types of competitive games as well as team
sports. Moreover, it includes the way of physically developing to participate in physical
activities.
 Social development: In context of social development, children want to play with their
group of friend and dislike to play alone and like to spend most of the time with their
peers. It includes their attempt to start considering the clubs and groups more essential
part in their lives (Tso and et. al., 2016). For instance, they become excited and observed
others which motivate them to join the school and community groups like sports team or
gain benefit of volunteer opportunities. Moreover, they have develop their skill of helping
others and understanding other problematic conditions.
 Emotional development: Kids become sensitive in relation to aspects to which they are
thinking about and to approval of adults. It includes way of understanding emotions and
other people and feel about it and analyse happy emotions to feel the same. For example,
they remain concern and emotionally attached with parents and siblings along with
denying to go away from them.
 Intellectual development: In this context, children have skill that can be used in regards
to negotiation, problem solving and compromising skills with peers along with create
their interest in long term projects. It includes the development of dealing with small
conflicts on their own and show their interest to draw paintings and other art activities
consuming long duration of time (Brown, Westerveld and Gillon, 2017).
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 Language development: Children are much capable to easily communicate their local
language with their family members and clearly show their need verbally.
 Moral development: Children have develop a skills of remaining enthusiastic in order to
tackle anything as well as they focus hard and efforts to create new innovative skill.
They know about sad situations of others and did not disclose several things to others due
to sense of morality. They know to respect elders in different means and like following
their cultural values on regular basis.
10 to 12 years old – This stage consist the start of major changes related puberty because
a child enter his or her adolescence period. It includes development of values and attitudes that
are responsible for guiding relationships, understanding as well as choice. Meanwhile,
reproductive organs begin to develop in this stag of life when they feel relevant feelings and
emotions (Wang, Monaco and Donovan, 2016). It consist the fact that individuals need guidance
and support of their elder for helping them in terms of understating as well as accepting their
evolving sexuality. Moreover, this era of life is responsible for occurrence of major changes take
place in human body.
 Physical development: The physical changes consist the growth of spurt with potential
gain of weight, growth of muscles and maturation in genital parts which is different in
girls and boys. It includes that individual enter in puberty when several hormones
secretion takes place in pituitary gland that trigger manufacturing of testosterone in
makes whereas progesterone or oestrogen in females. It has been analysed that these
changes occurs earlier in girls than in boys. However, the skin become more oily,
develop pimples, sweating increased, may contains body odour, hair growth on face,
chest & pubic in males whereas proportion of body modified in females.
 Social development: This includes feeling concern in regards to outward appearance and
they do not want stand out from their peers specially due to gender roles & sexuality. For
instance, a child create skills to become self centred and self conscious along with having
the factor of feeling of conflict and ambivalent in relation to their desires of puberty &
sexuality. Basically, it includes the kids prefer to care about relation with peers, friends,
dating and crushes in great manner (Saigal and et. al., 2016).
 Emotional development: In this context, the individuals has been develop capability of
feeling love as well as care about relationships. It includes the feel of insecurity and start
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to have doubt on self concept and previous self confidence. For example, an individual
can attract towards other and develop feel of crush of someone.
 Intellectual development: In this stage, people has develop their skills and move towards
sense of independence as they can progress to junior or middle high school. For example,
the child has developed the ability to make their few of decision by their own and want to
become more independent and start to focus on future aspects like careers options &
occupations.
 Language development: This includes that their vocabulary become much strong and
bale to learn other languages (Robson, 2019). They are able to communicate their
thoughts and views in clear and concise way to other so that they can understand it
properly.
 Moral development: They become able to take responsibilities of few tasks and obey
instructions of parents & teachers in appropriate manner. For instance, if a child want to
go to the park in the evening but parents denied for the same they will obey the decision
of guardians.
13 to 15 years old – In terms of this stage of life, it includes the situation of individuals
to be energising or terrifying for volunteers or youth workers. It includes the age when a child
become a teenager and they face duration of middle adolescence that consist the period of
blossoming development. However, it consist the stage when they become mature and create
their social network outside the family that is more essential for them.
 Physical development: This includes some of common development in male and female
like growth in great appetite, need of sleep enhanced, sweat increases, sexual desires.
height and weight. It includes several different changes that consist breast developing,
pubic hair darken & thicken in adult triangular pattern, hair thicken in underarms,
establishment of ovulation, pregnancy becomes possible, hips get widen and occurrence
of menstrual period on regular basis in girls (Crompton, 2017). Basically, changes take
place in boys such as voice deepens, underarm & pubic hairs appears, body hair
increases, enlargement in testes, scrotum & penis, occurrence of ejaculation & nocturnal
emissions, and increase in muscle strength in dramatic way.
 Social development: It has been analysed that individuals show more interest in various
activities that engage people of opposite sex and always looking for more peers. For
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example, a person want to enjoy and spend time with friends and less duration with
family members. However, they are mostly seeking for trust and acceptance along with
questioning to authorities as well a family values regarding their own views. It consist the
fact the people tend to give rejection in relation to ready made solutions from adults in
favour of their own.
 Emotional development: In this context, the individuals begin to conduct comparison of
themselves with other people along with remaining concerned with physical development
of their own. For example, a person always try to put themselves on centre stage and
show concern in regards to friends, social graces, being like and so on. Meanwhile, it
includes that individuals start striving towards independence and want approval regarding
this need from adults (Hunter and et. al., 2019). Additionally, they want some privacy
about several personal things and want to remain alone for sometime.
 Intellectual development: People at this duration of age put efforts to find out existence
of equality and justice because these are potential problem for them. It includes the
development of abilities in terms of using logic and sort out issue which have more than
single variable. For instance, a person have an opportunity to grab and experienced or
knowledge ten they remain always to ready to grab the same.
 Language development: They can communicate about their feelings and thoughts to
other people in effective as well as efficient manner. For example, an individual can face
issue related to studies and cause behind it then they an express their thoughts among
their guardians.
 Moral development: In this stage, individuals have developed strong sense of
differentiating between right and wrong (Franklin and et. al., 2016). For instance, if
someone is discriminating between a group of people then they can evaluate about this
wrong attempt.
16 to 19 years old – This level of life can be described as duration when an individual
face older teen including their continuous development. It includes slow down physical growth
whereas a person develop in social as well as emotional way.
 Physical development: This includes physical development occurs in terms growth which
has rapped off and they are not as preoccupied in terms of changes take place on human
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body. For instance, a person have adult body structure but still they are not much
prepared mentally regarding adulthood.
 Social development: In this level, individuals have started to value their committed
relationships and seeking more adult social setting regarding teen activities. For example,
if a person face s situation to making decision then they decide about specific aspects by
their own. They desire help from adults and develop community consciousness.
 Emotional development: In the context. Emotional development, they have lost appeal
related to previous activities and feel enjoying to look back on their achievements. It
involves the need of looking about recognition in great picture accomplishments (Skeie
and et. al., 2016). For instance, a person want others to treat them as they are completely
grown up.
 Intellectual development: They have established their own plan of action in order to
make bright future along with setting goals for along term. For example, an individual
make their own schedule of studies and higher education to make successful career.
 Language development: Under this age of youngsters, attitude and behaviour of them is
highly change, where they usually don't concern on way to talk with others. They have
own way to make conversation with others, especially to attract other people.
 Moral development: This includes that individuals remain disappointed & confused
regarding discrepancies among actual behaviours and stated values of family members as
well as friends. It includes their feelings expressed as anger, sorrow, isolation and
frustration. For example, a person is interested for sexual response for emotional and
physical urges in a manner to take part in adult world.
CONCLUSION
From the assignment, it has been concluded that child development consist the criterion
of occurring physical, biological, psychological and emotional changes in body throughout the
life. It includes different age groups in which various type of changes take place including birth
to 1 year old, 2-3 year old, 4-6 year old, 7-9 years old, 10-12 years old, 13-15 years old and 16-
19 years old. However, different kinds of changes regarding development were discussed such as
physical, social, emotional, intellectual, language and moral development.
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REFERENCES
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individual differences. Sage Publications.
Brown, M.I., Westerveld, M.F. and Gillon, G.T., 2017. Early storybook reading with babies and
young children: Parents' opinions and home reading practices. Australasian Journal of
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Crompton, M., 2017. Children, spirituality, religion and social work. Routledge.
Egalite, A.J., 2016. How family background influences student achievement: can schools narrow
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Franklin, D. and et. al., 2016. Accuracy of a cut-off value based on the third molar index:
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