Pathophysiology of Chronic Health Problems and Management Strategies

This article discusses the pathophysiology of chronic health problems like Type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis, and osteoarthritis. It also covers management strategies for chronic pain, polypharmacy, and fall risk. Communication tips for patients with hearing impairment and slurred speech are also provided.

CS QUESTIONS
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Pathophysiology about chronic health problem.......................................................................3
2...................................................................................................................................................3
3...................................................................................................................................................3
4...................................................................................................................................................3
6...................................................................................................................................................4
7...................................................................................................................................................4
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................5

1. Pathophysiology about chronic health problem
It has been identified that Ms. Wong is facing the chronic health problem which are Type 2
diabetes, Osteoporosis, osteoarthritis. The pathophysiology refers to the disordered physiological
procedure that linked with disease (Nakamura & et.al 2022). Pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes
is impaired secretion of insulin and insulin resistance in such liver does not respond well and
patient will feel low energy. Pathophysiology of osteoporosis is metabolic bone disease where it
weakens the bones. Pathophysiology of osteoarthritis is disruption and deprivation of joint
cartilage.
2.
Patient’s cognitive and physical defacement makes the pain difficult for the elder people,
as their chronic diseases and continually intake of medicine usually impacts the bodily functions.
Also fear of opioid side effects also creates a problem to manage the pain (Scherer, 2019).
Chronic pain badly affects the elders as it leads to increase the vulnerable outcomes, functional
impairment, depression, insomnia, thus it affects the mental stability of family member as well as
they fed up of such consequences which often make them to leave their older in old care home.
3.
To efficiently communicate with Ms. Wong who have the hearing impairment and has
slurred speech secondary to stroke, it is advised to speak slowly and clearly so that patient can
understand what have been asked to them. It is also important to not shout and exaggerate the
mouth movements as it will make the speech reading more complex (de Campos & et.al 2020).
Also to enable the patient to exercise their mouth muscle to make it stronger and it is important
to slow down the speech rate.
4.
Ms. Wong will be benefited by the therapies as she is suffering from the chronic diseases
and currently is on the medicines, but sometimes she forgets to take the medication which is not
good for her heath. Although in rehabilitation centre she will be completely monitored by the
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assigned nurse, and also it helps her to adapt the exercise habit which helps her to recover fast
(Bhagat & Saudagar, 2019). The limitation which is affecting Ms. Wong to self-care is her
behaviour and isolation as she lived alone as well as her mother passed away, as she was
attached with her mother, thus this was affecting her to self-care.
5.
FRAMP plan and pressure injury risk assessment and management plan
Risk factor Probability of Fall situation Interventions
History of fall within the
past 12 month (no fall
history is found)
In case of Ms. Wong she has
osteoarthritis therefore there
are chances for fall (Shuli,
Jiajia & Wei, 2021).
High Important to enable patient
to do exercise and undergo
some therapy which helps in
improving the balance and
to gain strength
Risk management
Risk Likelihood Intervention or management
plan
Risk of injury due to fall High Exercise and non pharma
logical therapy for pain
management
Higher blood sugar level that
impacts the body functions
due to type 2 diabetes
High (As Ms. Wong has
history of type 2 diabetes)
To pursue weight
management, healthy lifestyle,
stress management.

6.
Polypharmacy refers to the continuous use of the medication which is common in older to
take at least 5 medicines per day, it enhances the risk of adverse medication outcomes (Kužma &
et.al 2019). It is found that Ms. Wong has dispensed the several medicines from the pharmacies
and some drugs are duplicate, as because of this she was not able to feel better often suffers from
hyper tension. Polypharmacy leads to cognitive impairment; thus Ms. Wong was also suffered
from hearing problem for that she uses hearing aid.
7.
It is important to discuss with patient’s family so that they take part in treatment process
for patient’s fast recovery (Al Anouti & et.al 2019). it is recommended to actively listen as it
makes the other people also to understand, to be aware of nonverbal cues and also ensures the
privacy of the patient it helps in better care treatment for the patient.
REFERENCES
5

Books and journals
Al Anouti, F., Taha, Z., Shamim, S., Khalaf, K., Al Kaabi, L., & Alsafar, H. (2019). An insight
into the paradigms of osteoporosis: From genetics to biomechanics. Bone reports. 11.
100216.
Bhagat, R., & Saudagar, R. (2019). Osteoarthritis: pathophysiology and current treatment
modalities. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics. 9(3). 661-668.
de Campos, G. C., Tieppo, A. M., de Almeida Jr, C. S., Hamdan, P. C., Alves, W. M., & de
Rezende, M. U. (2020). Target-based approach for osteoarthritis treatment. World journal
of orthopaedics. 11(6). 278.
Kužma, M., Killinger, Z., Jackuliak, P., Vaňuga, P., Hans, D., Binkley, N., & Payer, J. (2019).
Pathophysiology of growth hormone secretion disorders and their impact on bone
microstructure as measured by trabecular bone score. Physiological Research. 68.
Nakamura, K., Miyoshi, T., Yoshida, M., Akagi, S., Saito, Y., Ejiri, K., ... & Ito, H. (2022).
Pathophysiology and Treatment of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy and Heart Failure in
Patients with Diabetes Mellitus. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 23(7).
3587.
Scherer, P. E. (2019). The many secret lives of adipocytes: implications for
diabetes. Diabetologia. 62(2). 223-232.
Shuli, F., Jiajia, Z., & Wei, Y. (2021). Application Effect of Maternal Fall Risk Assessment
Scale in Postpartum Fall Management. Frontiers in Medical Science Research. 3(1).