Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease | Assignment

Running Head: COPD 0
COPD
Essay
APRIL 2, 2020
[COMPANY NAME]
[Company address]

COPD 1
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is described as a lung ailment
categorized by the chronic hindrance of lung airflow that inhibits the normal respiration and
is not completely revocable. symptoms comprise breathing trouble, production of cough and
mucus (sputum), and wheezing. These particular health issues are not limited to a specific
city or nation; it is affecting people from all around the world (Barnes, 2016, 16-27). George
Williamson is 72 years male diagnosed with COPD. He is a lifelong smoker ever after the
diagnosis. He was prescribed with salbutamol. However, he forgets to take the inhaler. He
developed stubborn and sedentary behavior, and have reduced exercise tolerance. The clinical
examinations identified he has Spo2 of 93% FEV1 of 36 per cent, BP of 125/60 with the
pulse rate of 84. Two nursing problems in his case are his smoking issue and unfavorable
behavior. This particular essay will discuss the relation of nursing problems with assessment
data, the pathophysiology of signs and symptoms, and interventions.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a dangerous condition that disturbs
the patient's lungs and their capability to respire. Pathophysiology is the development of
opposing functional changes linked with an illness. For individuals with COPD, this initiates
with impairment to the air route and small air sacs in the patient's lungs. Symptoms develop
from a cough with the mucus to trouble breathing. The impairment done by COPD cannot be
undone. Though, there are some precautionary measures patients can take to reduce your risk
of emerging COPD (Martinez, 2016, 871-878). COPD is a complete term for numerous
chronic lung ailments. The two key COPD conditions are long-lasting bronchitis and
emphysema. These illnesses affect dissimilar parts of the patient’s lungs, nonetheless both
results in difficulty breathing (Barrett, Hart & Camporota, 2019, 418-428). There are main
nursing problems are identified in the case of Mr. George smoking issues and unfavorable
behavior. In the case of Mr. George smoking is the major problem that can hinder his

COPD 2
recovery process and may develop another health issue. Cigarette smoking is the foremost
cause of COPD in different Western nations. Cigarette- linked noxious agents hurt the airway
epithelium and initiative the important courses that lead to comprehensive airway swelling
and structural alterations. Once these mediators are detached, repair processes must, ideally,
carry the air route back to their usual structure and purpose (Wheaton et al., 2019, 533). In
general, an insufficient repair procedure is supposed to play an important role in the growth
of long-lasting airflow obstacles in some, nonetheless not all, smokers. Certainly, in
numerous subjects, most of the inflammatory alternation continues notwithstanding smoking
cessation. This failure of bronchial swelling to resolve might subsidize to systemic variations
and continuing degradation of bronchial and lung matrix (Agustí & Faner, 2018, 324-326).
As Mr. George continued smoking ever after the diagnosis of COPD, this may cause other
health issues such as cardiovascular problems. For individuals older above 70 years, the
acceptable oxygen saturation level is 95 per cent. Mr. George ha a slower oxygen saturation
level which might be the effects of smoking. His spirometry results showed FEV1 of 36 % (it
was 42 % 6months ago) which is the severe or advanced stage of COPD. The normal blood
pressure level is 120/80. Mr. George was having a blood pressure of 125/60 which identified
as elevated. These elevated levels might be associated with lifelong smoking.
There two different interventions that can be beneficial for Mr. George to address
identified nursing problems: pharmacological intervention and psychotherapy. There are
some medicines that are generally provided to the COPD patients along with the behavioral
therapy. Medication can increase the chances of quitting smoking. Two to this medication
that can be used in Mr. George’s case are Bupropion SR and Varenicline. Bupropion SR is a
drug that comprises no nicotine. The physician can prescribe this drug to a COPD patient. It
might support withdrawal and decrease the need to smoke. Some individuals have negative
effects when taking this medicine (Gentry & Gentry, 2017, 433-441). Varenicline is a