Climate Change | Environmental Problem, Policy And Current Issue

Climate change
Introduction
According to the scientific reports the surface of the Earth has been warming and its temperature
has increased from 1.10 to 1.50 Fahrenheit since the Industrial Revolution that was evaluated after
1880, the Earth’s higher temperatures were experienced since the 1970s. Over the previous
century, the precipitation quantity has increased; while some regions are now becoming wet
others are now becoming dry (Leggett, 2009). Such findings showed how increased
concentrations level of greenhouse gas would influence regional climate.
There have also been changes in ocean temperatures, modified wind cycles, extreme weather,
season timing, glaciers and sea ice melting. The 2007 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change (IPCC) declared that the warming system of climate was unequivocal. Observational
data collected across the continents together with oceans indicates that the global climate change
affects many natural systems (Anderegg et al., 2010)
Cause of observed climate change
Even though the Earth's climate contains considerable natural variability, the scientific studies
also showed that pollution from activities being carried out by human being could potentially
warm the Planet. The Greenhouse gases (GHGs) would allow the shortwave-length radiation of
the Sun to travel to the surface of the Earth. The radiation would then be absorbed by Earth
and re-emitted as a longer wave-length radiation; this would enable the GHG to trap and stores
the heat in the Earth's atmosphere. A process called "greenhouse effect." The GHG that would be

experienced naturally would warm the surface of the Earth to sustainable temperature (Schmidt
et al., 2010).
Studies indicate that several observed changes in Earth's surface temperatures relate to solar
variability, particularly in earlier 1900s. A couple of studies suggest that solar variation led 10 to
40 percent of the detected 20th century transition. Further research will also be needed to
measure how such proposed causes, such as galactic cosmic rays, lead to the climate change
observed (Singh, Siingh and Singh, 2011).
Scientist believe that high temperatures and Earth's warming experienced as from 1970s was as a
result of human activity's GHG emissions, particularly fossil fuels used, land clearing and also
chemical processes in the industries that emits toxic gases.
Impact of climate change
A broad variety of uncertainty would surround the impact forecasts and essential conditions for
nonlinear or unexpected impacts in particular. Many climate change effects would be projected
to be positive at some places with a few degrees of warming like improved agricultural
production in some areas, opening of the Northwest shipping Passage opened and extraction of
resources (Tabor and Williams, 2010).
The highly adverse impacts that would be experienced would include; lowering agricultural
production in several areas, drought, higher cooling requirements and Sea level rise. Risks
associated with sudden and unexpected climate change would be expected to rise as the
global temperature also rises, and would drive natural and cultural-economic structures beyond
key tolerance thresholds (Vano et al., 2010).