OpenStack Cloud Computing Features

This assignment provides a comprehensive overview of OpenStack, an open-source cloud computing platform. It details various features of OpenStack including controlling, compatibility, extensibility, flexibility, industrial standard adherence, and the importance of practical testing in operating large public and private cloud technologies. The document emphasizes how these features make OpenStack a powerful and versatile solution for cloud computing.

Running head: CLOUD COMPUTING (GREEN COMPUTING)
Cloud Computing (Green Computing)
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author’s Note

1CLOUD COMPUTING (GREEN COMPUTING)
Workbook for Week 8
Part A (3 Marks)
Exercise 1: Green Computing (0.5 Marks) 150
1. The greenhouse effect is the warming effect of the sun on greenhouse gases like CO2,
water vapor, methane, ozone, nitrous oxide and some amount of artificial chemicals such as
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs); the atmosphere traps some of the energy beneath it. The effect
produces a warmer climate on earth, which is not possible without an atmosphere (Kopparapu et
al, 2014).
2. Yes, the statement is true. To abide the ethical and social responsibilities it is necessary
Green the IT system to maintain the environmental sustainability. Also the environmental
legislation, the company’s reputation and codes of conducts focus on areas that required to Green
the IT products, applications, services and practices by the use of renewable sources of energy,
managing power, virtualization of server, Green metrics, methodology and assessment tools and
Eco-labeling IT products (Yang, Zhang & Sun, 2015).
3. Green IT is a concept of creating environmental sustainability and energy-efficiency for
minimal environmental impact (Ardito & Morisio, 2014).
Benefits of Green IT are as follows:
 Lowers the cost
 Improvement in performance and uses of the systems
 Reduces consumption of power
 Reduces environmental impact and carbon emissions

2CLOUD COMPUTING (GREEN COMPUTING)
Exercise 2: Environmental Sustainability (0.5 Marks)
4. Four complementary paths have been provided to address the greener environment:
 Green Manufacturing – manufacturing computers and associated system with minimal
impact on the environment.
 Green disposal - refurbish/ reuse/ recycle unwanted computers.
 Green use – reducing the consumption of energy in an environmentally sound manner.
 Green design – to design with efficient energy and environmentally sound components,
such as computers, cooling equipment, servers and data centers.
5. The article gives a brief description on the impact of IT and greening it for an
environmental sustainability, as it is both a solution and a problem to the environment. The effect
of IT on the environment and the increasing number of computers results in energy consumption
that increases the greenhouse gas emissions. So the IT vendors and IT users are now turning
towards the Green IT products and their solutions. Based on the environmental attributes, the
Electronic Product Environmental Assessment (EPEAT) identify IT products from the label in
the computer hardware, which are named as gold, silver or bronze (De Felice, 2014). Finally, the
article discusses about the prospects of Greening IT to improve the efficiency and deal with the
impact that the environment has by the use of IT. Therefore, users, professionals and researchers
can help in creating benefits in environmental sustainability for current and the future generation.
Exercise 3: Environmentally Sound Practices (1 Mark)
6. PUE is defined as the ratio of total facility power to IT equipment power (Horner &
Azevedo, 2016).

3CLOUD COMPUTING (GREEN COMPUTING)
Mathematically, the formula is
PUE = Total facility power
¿ equipment power
Data center infrastructure efficiency (DCiE) is defined as the reciprocal of PUE.
DCiE = 1
PUE = ¿ Equipment Power
Total Facility Power
Data center efficiency (DCeP)
DCeP is the ratio of useful work produced to the total data center energy consumed
producing this work.
DCeP ¿ Useful Work Produced
Total Data Center Energy Consumed Producing this work
Data center infrastructure efficiency (DCeP) is inversely proportional to DCiE.
7. 1. University of Kent: Green Computing: This course brief about the concept of power
consumption in technologies for building a green system.
2. Hertfordshire University: Green Computing: This course describes the environmental
sustainability, biodiversity management, and environmental awareness.
3. University of Sydney: Cloud Computing & Green IT: This course solves problems
related to Cloud Computing.
4. Mellon University: Green Computing: This course provides information about the
Green Computing.

4CLOUD COMPUTING (GREEN COMPUTING)
5. Linkoping University: Green Computing: This course covers the Global ICT footprint
to evaluate the consumption of energy in network, application and mobile devices.
Exercise 4: Major Cloud APIs (1 Mark)
8. The APIs provided by the Amazon Company are
1) Amazon API: Developer Publishing API: This REST API helps the developer to manage
the catalogue of Android app. In a few clicks, one can access data, application
functionality, or business logic from back-end services like the workload that are running
on the Amazon cloud.
2) GoGrid API: GoGrid API is a Cloud infrastructure service, which do thing
programmatically. It is easy to use. It can be called easily from Java, Python, C#, PHP,
Ruby or even shell script.
3) Google API: Google API is developed by Google to communicate with Google services
like Gmail, maps, translators. These services are used by the third party app for better
functionality.
4) Microsoft: Azure Service Management API: Azure is an Internet-scale services and
computing platform supported by Microsoft that are hosted in the data centers (Fernandes
et al., 2014).

5CLOUD COMPUTING (GREEN COMPUTING)
Part B (3 Marks)
Exercise 1: Greening IT Standards and Regulations (0.5 Marks)
9. EPEAT electronics used long-term stability and track performance to evaluate the
companies to achieve a reliable standard. The Products are classified in three groups Imaging
Equipment, PC and Displays, and Television. The EPEAT criteria are based on ANSI-approved
that are public standards, which provides technical data and specify the compliance of
manufacturer.
The Energy Star 4.0 standard mainly focuses on consumers electronic product for saving
energy. The members of Energy Star are, The United State, European Union, New Zealand,
Australia, Taiwan, Japan, and Canada. Some of the Energy products in viewed are power
adapter, ceiling fan lights, printer and many more.
The Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive expects to meet certain requirements,
which include, to notify the authorities about the market surveillance, to inform the supply chain,
to take into consideration of remedial action. The authorized representatives, manufacturers,
distributors and importers of electrical and electronic equipment should comply with the
directives.
Exercise 2: Green cloud computing (0.5 Marks)
10. Computational processing, microprocessors: Microprocessor is the key factor in
computational processing. The new member of microprocessor introduced sophisticated circuit
architecture. The frequency of the microprocessor can be adjusted and a block of the circuit can
be turned down temporarily when not in use.

6CLOUD COMPUTING (GREEN COMPUTING)
Computational processing, task scheduling: There has been a lot of work done in task
scheduling to reduce the consumption of power in computation processing. The most recent
research was done in Thermal aware resource management. For the task in data centers, a 3D
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model is used for rack-mounted server systems.
Computational processing, virtualization: Virtualization is the key technologies for cloud
computing. This technology creates several types of Virtual Machines (VM) on a physical server
to reduce the hardware use and utilize the resources.
Cooling systems: Today in the IT organizations, cooling, and power consumption are the
biggest energy issue. In data center, half of the electrical energy is consumed by cooling systems.
The scientists are trying to cope up with the high heat fluxes to use chilled-liquid in servers that
are densely packed and in the high-end mainframes.
Network: Nowadays, network research community and network equipment
manufacturers are able to adapt the capacity of the network dynamically and to the resources of
current traffic loads to save the energy.
Disk Storage: For a network of green cloud computing, disk storage is the biggest
component of a data center. According to the recent industry report, storage devices in a data
center (Boru et al., 2015) consumed 27 % of the total energy. Manufacturers, who are the world's
fastest Solid Storage devices have managed to reduce 80 % of the MySpace operating costs and
carbon footprint. The researcher is trying to find the benefits of large online storage arrays with
the decrease in the power consumption.
Exercise3: Cloud API Functionalities (2 Marks)

7CLOUD COMPUTING (GREEN COMPUTING)
11. The functionalities that can be achieved by using the APIs are
 Retrieve offers
 Retrieve account details
 How to otp into offers
 Dependencies
12. In the given link two API’s are used which is discussed below:
Command-line API:
To interact with any OpenStack cloud, a shell command package is installed, nova.
To provide the OpenStack with username and password, the params used are
--os-username, --os-password and --os-project-name.
To define the authentication URL and the API version, the params used are
--os-auth-url and –os-compute-api-version.
All are then set as an environmental variable and set the os_auth_url to the endpoint of
keystone.
If the user wants to specify the keystone regions in the Service Catalog then the param
used is
--os-region-name
Python API:
Python API is used as the authentication system with keystone :

8CLOUD COMPUTING (GREEN COMPUTING)
>>> from keystoneauth1.identity import v3
>>> from keystoneauth1 import session
>>> from novaclient import client
>>> auth = v3.Password(auth_url='http://example.com:5000/v3',
... username='username',
... password='password',
... project_name='project-name',
... user_domain_id='default',
... project_domain_id='default')
>>> sess = session.Session(auth=auth)
>>> nova = client.Client("2.1", session=sess)
>>> nova.flavors.list()
[...]
>>> nova.servers.list()
[...]
>>> nova.keypairs.list()
[...]

9CLOUD COMPUTING (GREEN COMPUTING)
13. Features and functionalities of Open stack are discussed below:
 First is Controlling: For every company’s private cloud computing is not suitable
so the IT team can now become the service vendor of their own cloud computing
to build and maintain an open source.
 Second is Compatibility: The enterprise migrates data and application based on
their safety, economy and other business standards in the public cloud.
 Third is extensibility: the Linux operating system, Fedora, and SUSE are the
mainstream to support extensibility.
 Fourth is flexibility: User can increase the cluster size according to their own
needs and build the infrastructure.
 Fifth is industrial standard: More than 60 world’s leading enterprise, including
Dell, Cisco, Microsoft, and Intel are involved in the projects (Wlodarski, 2014).
 Sixth is practice test: Practice is the main criterion for operating large public and
private cloud technology.

10CLOUD COMPUTING (GREEN COMPUTING)
References
Ardito, L., & Morisio, M. (2014). Green IT–Available data and guidelines for reducing energy
consumption in IT systems. Sustainable Computing: Informatics and Systems, 4(1), 24-
32.
Boru, D., Kliazovich, D., Granelli, F., Bouvry, P., & Zomaya, A. Y. (2015). Energy-efficient
data replication in cloud computing datacenters. Cluster computing, 18(1), 385-402.
De Felice, F., Elia, V., Gnoni, M. G., & Petrillo, A. (2014). Comparing environmental product
footprint for electronic and electric equipment: a multi-criteria approach. International
Journal of Sustainable Engineering, 7(4), 360-373.
Fernandes, D. A., Soares, L. F., Gomes, J. V., Freire, M. M., & Inácio, P. R. (2014). Security
issues in cloud environments: a survey. International Journal of Information
Security, 13(2), 113-170.
Horner, N., & Azevedo, I. (2016). Power usage effectiveness in data centers: overloaded and
underachieving. The Electricity Journal, 29(4), 61-69.
Kopparapu, R. K., Ramirez, R. M., SchottelKotte, J., Kasting, J. F., Domagal-Goldman, S., &
Eymet, V. (2014). Habitable zones around main-sequence stars: dependence on planetary
mass. The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 787(2), L29.
Wlodarski, P. (2014). The IT vendors' overview of cloud offerings (mid-2013) (Master's thesis,
UHasselt).

11CLOUD COMPUTING (GREEN COMPUTING)
Yang, J., Zhang, F., Jiang, X., & Sun, W. (2015). Strategic flexibility, green management, and
firm competitiveness in an emerging economy. Technological Forecasting and Social
Change, 101, 347-356.