Business Process Management and Analysis

This assignment delves into the core principles of Business Process Management (BPM), emphasizing its significance in organizations. It examines various aspects of BPM, including defining processes, identifying stakeholders, and utilizing process mapping techniques. The assignment also explores the role of business analysts in facilitating effective BPM implementation.

Knowledge Audits for Business analysis
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Executive Summary
Any organization assumes Knowledge Audit as essential step for identifying the company’s
knowledge capabilities and to explore the gaps between its current knowledge and its strategic
objectives. This report projects about Eni Company, which has secured sixth position as an
integrated energy firm in the world. The business case, its processes and context are analyzed, to
identify the problem. The problem is considered as a complex environment followed by Eni
Company for achieving sustainability in its business. This sustainability management system is
determined as unsuitable for the company’s processes as it affects the business decisions with
respect to financial, manufacturing, intellectual, social and human departments. The objective is
to know the importance of external and internal environment analysis of the firm, and provide a
better solution. Effective tools and techniques are used to resolve the identified problems. Effective
ethical and professional issues with its solution are delivered. Altogether, this report is supported by
the Strategic Plan, SWOT analysis and Knowledge Audit Plan, where Mind Mapping using CMap
software and process modelling using ADONIS software are utilized. The Key Performance
Indicator (KPI) is considered in this report, to measure the value to depict the growth of the company
i.e., whether the key business objectives are met or not to accomplish success. The problem is
resolved by the proposed “Integrated thinking approach”.

Table of Contents
1. Introduction........................................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Objectives..................................................................................................................................................1
2. Business Case of ENI.........................................................................................................................................1
2.1 Business Context.......................................................................................................................................1
2.2 Business Case............................................................................................................................................2
2.3 Current Business Processes and Problems.............................................................................................2
3. Project Management Overview.........................................................................................................................2
3.1 Project Background..................................................................................................................................2
3.2 Objectives and Strategies.........................................................................................................................2
3.3 Current Business Processes......................................................................................................................3
3.4 In Scope and Out of Scope Activities.......................................................................................................3
3.5 Stakeholders..............................................................................................................................................3
3.6 Roles and Responsibilities........................................................................................................................3
4. Detailed Requirements.......................................................................................................................................4
4.1 Functional Requirements.........................................................................................................................4
4.2 Non-Functional Requirements.................................................................................................................4
5. Business Process Modelling...............................................................................................................................5
5.1 Develop Process Flows and Supporting Diagrams.................................................................................5
5.1.1 Mind Mapping......................................................................................................................................5
6. Enterprise Analysis............................................................................................................................................7
6.1 Organizational Frame..............................................................................................................................7
6.2 Business Technologies..............................................................................................................................7
6.3 Design Principles.......................................................................................................................................7
6.4 Environmental Analysis...........................................................................................................................8
6.5 Implementation Strategy..........................................................................................................................9
6.6 Organizational Changes required for Collecting New Data..................................................................9
7. Change and Risk Management.........................................................................................................................9
7.1 Overall Change Process............................................................................................................................9
7.1.1 Process Modelling.................................................................................................................................9
7.2 Risk Analysis and Management.............................................................................................................11
7.2.1 SWOT Analysis..................................................................................................................................11
7.2.2 Risk Management...............................................................................................................................13
8. Recommendation and Conclusion...................................................................................................................14
8.1 Recommendation....................................................................................................................................14
8.2 Conclusion...............................................................................................................................................14
References.................................................................................................................................................................16

1. Introduction
An organization is required to undergo Knowledge Audit to know its knowledge
capabilities and helps in identifying the gaps between the current knowledge and the strategic
objectives of the organization. This report revolves around Eni, which has secured sixth position
as an integrated energy firm in the world. The mainly concentrated areas are business model of the
organization, its competitive environment, its strategies, its corporate governance system and risk
management model.
Eni is one of the largest integrated company which focus on energy production, up to
down streams. The current system of this enterprise is based on sustainable value creation. It
mainly focuses on the business model, strategy and risk management of the organization. Eni
operates in a complex environment, to achieve sustainability in its business. But, this
sustainability management system is not suitable for this process and it affects the business
decisions related to financial, manufacturing, intellectual, social and human areas.
1.1 Objectives
The objective of this report is to help the organization identify its knowledge capabilities,
to know whether the key business objectives are met or not to accomplish success. Thus, the
business context and current business processes will be researched. The importance of external
and internal environment analysis will be determined. Effective tools and techniques will be
utilized to accomplish the same. The effective ethical and professional issues with its solution
will be provided. The Strategic Plan, SWOT analysis and Knowledge Audit Plan will be
discussed. Finally, the relevant ethical and professional issues will be addressed with appropriate
solutions.
2. Business Case of ENI
2.1 Business Context
Sustainability is the main business approach which is used in Eni to achieve economic
growth, to enhance the reputation and to create opportunities for the local people. The key
drivers of this business model mainly focus on the cooperation, integration, innovation,
excellence, inclusion and responsibility.
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2.2 Business Case
This business model is mainly based on the analysis of external competitive environment.
It also identifies the challenges of the industries and describes the process which are
implemented to face the challenges. This distinctive business approach includes the following
strategies to enhance its business process:
1) To be local
2) Developing the in-house competences
3) Mitigation of risk and its management
2.3 Current Business Processes and Problems
At present, the organization Eni has a complex environment that is following for
achieving business sustainability. The issue is that, the followed sustainability management
system is unsuitable for this process. Because, it has negative impact on business decisions in
financial, manufacturing, intellectual, social and human departments.
3. Project Management Overview
3.1 Project Background
The organization named as Eni is a largest integrated company. It focuses on production
of energy, up to down streams. Sustainable value creation is the major concern of the current
system, thus it concentrates on the organization’s business model, strategy and risk management.
This sustainable business uses integrated thinking to consider the relationship between its
different functions and operations (Lucidchart.com, 2018).
3.2 Objectives and Strategies
The main strategic guidelines of the organization includes, profitable growth, focusing on
the core areas, operation ship, enhancing the downstream operations, leveraging in the flexibility
of the asset, focusing on the customers and making partnership with the NOCs. This helps to
accomplish the key business objectives for a successful business.
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3.3 Current Business Processes
Sustainable value creation is based on the business model which integrates risk
management system with the stake holders. This model has different distinctive features
including drivers, governance, assets and strategic guidelines (McKinsey & Company, 2018).
3.4 In Scope and Out of Scope Activities
The project must be documented and processed well, to view the annual report,
sustainability and annual remuneration reports. Decrease the changes based on the allotted
budget.
3.5 Stakeholders
The stakeholders of the organization includes, customers, business partners, employees,
regulators, local communities, policy makers and suppliers.
3.6 Roles and Responsibilities
The roles and responsibilities of the resources are mentioned as follows:
a) Stakeholders
Role: The role of the stakeholders in the organization is to initiate investment, in
management, for voting in decision making process and to monitor social
and environmental impact of their decisions (Stoval, 2017).
Responsibility: The responsibilities are (Philrichardson.co.uk, 2018):
1) To understand the business rationale and to make sure the
project’s strategy fits well.
2) To have knowledge of the requirements.
3) To show commitment for the required resources.
4) To stay updated about the progress of the project.
5) Provide necessary training.
6) To identify and resolve the problems and risks in the
project.
b) Employees
Role: To work for meeting the set goals of the organization.
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Responsibility: To put all their possible efforts and work show their
responsibilities in their work (Hill, 2013).
c) Business Analyst
Role: The business analysts have various roles as listed below (Villanovau.com,
2018):
1) To assist the case of the business.
2) To develop a plan and to monitor it effectively.
3) To extract the requirements.
4) To organize the extracted requirements.
5) To simplify and manage the requirements with effective
communication.
Responsibility: The responsibilities of the business analyst are (Josh, 2017):
i. To do presentations related to project, so that the project
details are conveyed to all involved in the project.
ii. To clearly analyze the business requirements.
iii. To gather both functional and non-functional requirements
of the project.
iv. To help in implementing the project plan and also help in
building the team.
v. To resolve problems with effective decisions.
vi. To perform acceptance testing.
vii. To maintain the operations of the system.
4. Detailed Requirements
4.1 Functional Requirements
The functional requirements are to make sure all the business processes are working
effectively, after the implementation of change.
4.2 Non-Functional Requirements
The non-functional requirements includes to accomplish effective results from the
implemented change.
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5. Business Process Modelling
BPM (Business Process Modelling) is a method to map all the processes of the business,
which helps in improving the process.
5.1 Develop Process Flows and Supporting Diagrams
5.1.1 Mind Mapping
The ides of displaying complex information visually such as flow chart pie chart and
visual formats go back much earlier. Most recently, the visual displays are used to simplify the
complex philosophical issues by using mind mapping techniques. Business modeling techniques
provides a sophisticated and flexible analysis modeling platform that can be used in planning. A
clear understanding of the nature and distinctiveness of these business modeling tools may offer
educators as yet unrealized and potentially complementary function can aid employee to learn
well (Smartdraw.com, 2018). The purpose of mind mapping is to easily understand the concepts
of the business modeling. It represents the relationship between the complex diagrams.
In Eni’s case, the mind mapping is used to provide the overall organization’s visual
representation. Eni’s case has the following metrics to improve the organization assessment and
management:
1) Eni’s Approach to sustainable value creation.
2) Diffusion of integrated thinking.
3) Eni’s journey towards integrated reporting.
4) Participation in the IIRC pilot program.
5) Eni’s 2012 Integrated annual reports.
All the above factors provide the overall representation of Eni’s organization. Eni
organization was interested to improve the organization assessment and its management
(HEFLO EN, 2018). So, organization used new business approach model i.e., integrated
thinking. The existing business modelling approach does not achieve organization assets. So, it
requires using integrated thinking approach to improve the organization’s assets such as human
resource, social, environmental, manufactured, intellectual and financial assets. These assets
must be improved in the prosed systems. It also improves the internal management system and
external communication process for an organization.
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Cmap file is attached below.
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6. Enterprise Analysis
6.1 Organizational Frame
The organizational frame includes:
i. Project Management
ii. Information Management
iii. Sustainability Management
iv. Integrated Thinking
v. Strategic Planning
vi. Cost Controlling
vii. Change management
6.2 Business Technologies
Business Process Modelling Technology is the utilized.
6.3 Design Principles
Business analysts are the facilitators and communicators of the organization. They elicit
the requirements of the business and shifts the information to the related team. The ethical and
professional issues faced by these business analysts are discussed below:
1) Paralysis in the Analysis Process
In this process, the business analyst analyses all the processes of the business model with
in a short period of time. Hence, the BA doesn’t know where the process starts and where
it ends. This over analysis leads to the clarification of the question again and again.
Requires confirmation again and again, develops more resources than the requirement.
2) Uncooperative Stakeholders
When the stake holders are not cooperative with the business analyst, the business
information will not be shared to the Business analyst. Hence, it requires to ask them
personally.
3) Undocumented Processes
Sometimes, the stake holders will not provide the concrete documentation about the
requirements at the early stage. But they will require modifications in the business
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process. At this situation the business analyst is responsible to get the clear requirement
from the stakeholders (HEFLO EN, 2018).
4) Knowledge and Skills
The business analyst needs to work with the business and production part of the industry.
These two fields are different and it has many areas. Hence, the BA needs to have good
knowledge and experience to cope up with the transition.
5) Resolving the Conflicts of Customers
When the new approach is implemented in the business model, the business analyst needs
to explain the modified approach and resolves the conflicts between them.
6) Accountability for Decisions
The instances of current business model needs to be changed to make it more efficient.
The customers or stake holders will not approve it voluntarily. At this situations the
business analyst should take the decision at the dead end.
6.4 Environmental Analysis
This section projects the required resources and skills for the Organization.
The skills are listed below:
viii. Project Management Skills
ix. Information Management Skills
x. Sustainability Management Skills
xi. Integrated Thinking Skills
xii. Strategic Planning Skills
xiii. Cost Controlling Skills
The resources are listed below:
a) Stakeholders
b) Employees
c) Business Analyst
d) Business Process Modelling Technology for managing the BPM (Rouse, 2018) (Creately
Blog, 2014).
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6.5 Implementation Strategy
The implementation strategy is to meet the objective for the organization’s sustainability
such as:
a) Integration
b) Cooperation
c) Innovation
d) Excellence
e) Inclusiveness and
f) Responsibility
Therefore, the above mentioned objectives denote to have clarity and strictness in the governance
rules and ethical standards for integrating the corporate risk management system and to have
continuous interaction with the company’s stakeholders.
6.6 Organizational Changes required for Collecting New Data
Eni’s journey towards integrated report to provide the year-on-year improvement in
company performance depends on the new reporting key performance indicator (KPI). Integrated
report requires collecting new data to improve the organization’s assets and management.
Collected data is used for improving skills, resources and strategic plan, which helps to complete
the audit in the future analysis. Thus, KPI helps to accomplish the set goals (Klipfolio.com,
2018).
7. Change and Risk Management
7.1 Overall Change Process
7.1.1 Process Modelling
Business process modelling is used to represent the organization activities such as
analyzed, automated and improved current process. Business process modelling is typically
performed by the business analysts. It increases the speed of the organization process and its
quality. It also reduces the process cycle time and costs such as, capital costs, material costs,
labor costs and scrap costs. In Eni’s case, the main process modeling includes the existing and
proposed approach such as sustainability and integrated thinking. Sustainability business process
is used to provide long term value creation (Shethna, 2017). It manages the organization risks
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such as political, financial and operational risks. But, the company operates the complexity
environment, so it does not achieve the sustainability process. So, organization needs to use the
integrated thinking to reduce the environment complexity. Both business approaches are based
on the key performance indicator, to measure the value to depict the growth of the company. The
main process modelling diagram is shown below.
The Sustainability approach does not satisfy the organization’s assets and management.
But, integrated thinking approach is used to achieve the economic and financial results. It creates
new opportunities to improve the organization’s assets and management. Integrated thinking has
the two main process such as planning and integrated risk management. The planning process is
used to improve and identify the new activities and contribute to sustainable value creations. It
also reaches the organization strategic targets. The integrated risk management process is used to
define the organization risk management and assessment in an integrated way. It must be
considered as the organization’s overall risk events that are used to evaluate the risk metrics. It is
also use the report and monitoring system to evaluate the overall risks and highlighted the most
relevant risks. These two process are used to achieve the organization target and reinforce the
long term sustainable value creations. The proposed approach is integrated thinking, which is
used to improve the internal management system and external communication process for an
organization. It is as shown below.
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7.2 Risk Analysis and Management
7.2.1 SWOT Analysis
The internal environment contains factors that can be controlled and are impacted on the
approach and accomplishment of the operation, whereas the external environment contains
factors that the organization has no control on, and which can impact on the success of the
organization. SWOT analysis is an effective method to determine the internal and external
environment of the organization. It determines the core competencies, it decreases the identified
threats and weaknesses of the organization, and takes advantage of the determined opportunities
and strengths. In the organizations, SWOT analysis also supports in identifying the gaps related
to resources.
The following is the SWOT analysis of Eni Company:
Internal Strengths
This section determines the strength of the organization.
1. It is the sixth largest integrated energy company in the world, based on market
value. Thus, the company holds strong position in oil and gas value chain, right
from hydrocarbon exploration phase to product marketing.
2. It has nearly 78,000 employees.
3. It has net sales of €127 billion, from its operations.
4. It is a part of securing energy supplies, with an integrated business model.
5. It functions for supplying, trading and marketing the natural gas and LN.
6. It works for generating and selling electricity.
7. It aspires to develop its International Oil Company (IOC) both in terms of
managing and technological aspects.
8. It is the leading company to distribute petroleum products.
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9. It also functions as a leading contractor for engineering, project management,
procurement and for construction.
10. Its approach with the shareholders helps to preserve its investments and allows to
attain increase in production.
11. This organization has presented excelling results when it comes to exploration
and production.
12. Environment prevention steps and activities.
13. It follows mitigating risks.
14. It believes in integrated thinking.
15. It concentrates on constant improvement.
Internal Weaknesses
This section determines the weaknesses of the organization, which could become even
better.
1) Strong competencies and new strategies have become the reason for higher
degree of accidents in the processes. For instance, in the improvising the
processes, technologies and performance-based contract approach (Aiim.org,
2018).
2) Sustainability increases environmental complexities.
External Opportunities
This section determines the opportunities for the organization, whose advantage can be
gained.
1) Increased profit from the production of oil and gas.
2) The core areas will have stronger competitive status.
3) Can ensure establishing strategic partnership.
4) The production could increase.
5) Increase the flexibility of assets in activity like refinery.
6) Upgrading of network can be profitable for the downstream operations.
External Threats
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This section determines the threats for the organization, which mentions the significant
risks to be monitored.
1) The operational risk are considered as the main potential threat for the upstream
activities, in environmental, financial and reputational terms.
2) Environmental complexity.
3) Uncertainty in the business market.
7.2.2 Risk Management
The Knowledge Audit Plan is used for risk management. It includes the following phases
(Km.nasa.gov, 2015):
STEP-1: Design a strategic plan.
STEP-2: Carry out SWOT analysis.
STEP-3: Ensure plan’s development.
STEP-4: Use BPM (Business Process Management) (Nepal, 2017) (PNMsoft,
2016).
STEP-5: Perform Knowledge Audit
1) Knowledge Need Analysis
2) Knowledge Inventory Analysis
3) Knowledge Flow Analysis
4) Knowledge Mapping
STEP-6: Ensure to design communications package for the respondents involved
in knowledge audit (Greenchameleon.com, 2018).
STEP-7: Ensure the following (Klipfolio.com, 2018):
1) Determine clear objective for KPI of the company.
2) Make a point to share the KPI with the stakeholders.
3) Based on week or month wise review the KPI of the company.
4) Keep in mind that the KPI should be actionable.
5) The changing business needs must be changed with KPI.
6) Inspect the attainability of KPI.
7) Then, accordingly update the objectives of KPI as required.
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8) Select appropriate KPIs, for best KPI best practices in the
business.
STEP-8: Annual Report is made to review results.
STEP-9: Sustainability report is produced to review results.
STEP-10: Annual remuneration report is gathered for reviewing the results.
STEP-11: Provide the necessary recommendations.
8. Recommendation and Conclusion
8.1 Recommendation
It is recommended that, any organization must first clearly determine its objectives. Then,
knowledge capabilities must be assessed. Further, it must select appropriate KPIs to have best
KPI business practices, to lead the organization towards success. It must follow effective
strategic plan. Make sure that the strategy must be sound enough to fit between the internal
resources like the Strengthen and Weaknesses; and external situations like the Opportunities and
Threats. Integrated thinking among the people present in the organization will help in
representing their views in broader perspective like the positive results in economic, financial,
environmental and society.
8.2 Conclusion
The problem is identified and resolved. It is observed that the existing business process is
based on “Sustainability”, whereas the proposed business process concentrates on “Integrated
thinking” to decrease the issues related to decision making in the processes like finance,
manufacturing, human resource, organizational environmental, intellectual and social processes.
Thus, the set objectives are met. The business context and current business processes are
researched. The importance of external and internal environment analysis is determined, where
the following points are defined - An effective method for determining the internal and external
environment of the organization can be considered as SWOT analysis. SWOT analysis is
expected to determine the core competencies, then it helps to decrease the threats and
weaknesses of the organization, and takes advantage of the determined opportunities and
strengths. However, it also helps to identify the gaps related to resources in the organization. The
effective tools and techniques utilized to accomplish the objectives are CMap software for Mind
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Mapping and ADONIS software for process modelling. The Strategic Plan, SWOT analysis and
Knowledge Audit Plan are discussed and presented. The roles and responsibilities are listed.
Hence, the issues was in sustainability where the environment had various complexities. Henceforth,
to reduce these complexities integrated thinking approach is proposed. Therefore, relevant ethical
and professional issues are addressed with appropriate solutions.
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