Empathy gaps-Carly Case Study: Communication and Empathic Understanding

This presentation discusses empathy gaps in Carly's case study, including domestic violence, substance abuse, and mental health diseases. It also suggests communication skills to increase empathy in nurses.

Communication and Empathic
Understanding

Empathy gaps-Carly Case Study.
 From the Carly case study, the empathy gaps include domestic
violence, sexual physical and emotional abuse, substance
abuse and mental health diseases.
 Carly has a substance abuse problem where she currently uses
ice as her major drug. She also has used other drugs which
include opiates, benzodiazepines, and hallucinogens.
 Carly drug abuse started when her mother died which made her
have a disorganized attachment and grief. From this, she has
been reported of having suicidal ideas with two attempted
cases.

Empathy gaps-Carly Case Study.
 In addition to that, she is also a victim of domestic violence
relationships, physical, sexual and emotional abuse. She is
connected to drug traffic and home invasion related to her substance
abuse and mental health condition. The gangs are constantly taking
advantage of her mental health and substance abuse condition and
abuse her either sexually, physically or psychologically.
 Due to the above, Carly is constantly experiencing panics attacks,
flashbacks and dissociates associated to her sexual and drug
abuse.
 Her conditions which include loss of parents, substance abuse,
mental health have made her vulnerable to other people, her family
and herself which is empathetic.

Case Explanation, Perception
Bias and Analysis
 The death of Carly's mother made her be in deep grief
thus becoming vulnerable to substance abuse. Many
people may opt to take drugs as a method of dealing with
hard situations. With little or no psychological and
emotional support, the situation might become worse like
in Carly's state.
 She needed compassion, love, and care which she never
got. The surrounding people took advantage of her by
constantly abusing her physically and emotionally.

Case Explanation, Perception
Bias and Analysis Due to sexual abuse and substance use she has becomes
mentally ill. Mentally ill patients often have law insight into their
conditions and may make poor decisions. She stopped taking
drugs probably due to lack of care. She is also a mentally ill
patient who has a family to take care of and thus involving herself
to illegal activities such as drug trafficking and sex worker.
 She is just trying to provide and take care of her kids who have
been abandoned by their father. In such a scenario, a normal
mother will do anything to take care of her kids. But Carly is
psychologically ill and thus she made a poor decision by working
with gangs.

Case Explanation, Perception
Bias and Analysis The gangs she is working with have been threatening her which
might be the reason she is constantly having a hallucination that
her neighbors will kill her. She is in fear, regret and feels hated.
 The society she is living in has ignored and separated her as a
criminal of which in real sense she is a culprit. This has made
her have low self-esteem, a feeling of rejection and hatred.
 If her neighbors have given her compassion, love, and care she
could have overcomes her situation. She could have not
involved herself in gangs and prostitution(Richardson, Percy, &
Hughes, 2015). What Carly needs is love, respect, and
acceptance for her to heal both physically and emotionally.

Communication skills to increase
empathy Active listening
This includes using words such as ‘Okay’ “ I see’ and ‘I understand’
to provide crucial signals to the patient as a sign that a nurse is
attentive and thus encouraging the patient to continue speaking.
(Kahriman et al., 2016).
 Parroting response
In parroting response, a nurse verbatim, or repeat what the patient
has said. This is often done with a questioning tone or exclamation
to show concern in particular issues. However, parroting should not
be done extensively as it may inhibit patient not to talk more in
some important issues(Kelley & Kelley, 2013).

Communication skills to increase
empathy Paraphrasing
In paraphrasing, the nurse uses her own words to re-
communicate the same meaning the patient has just said.
Paraphrasing is intended to convey communication more
accurately and understandably(Kahriman et al., 2016).
 Reflection of feelings
This includes the use of phrases such as ‘it sounds you are
feeling’ it seems you felt’. The nurses usually listen to the
patient and express the emotions in terms of words to
demonstrate empathy and compassion(Mikkonen, Kyngäs, &
Kääriäinen, 2015).

Communication skills to increase
empathy Commiseration
Commiseration involves sharing with the patient some health
and life issues the nurse has coped within her or his life. When
a nurse shares her past encounters which involve suffering,
pain, illness, and experiences of distress with and individual
going with a similar scenario, a healing opportunity will be
created. This is because a joint of shared experiences is
created making the patient feel comfortable while sharing her
information. Besides, the patient feels he or she has the right
person who will help her to deal with the current negative
experiences(Duarte, Pinto-Gouveia, & Cruz, 2016).

References
Duarte, J., Pinto-Gouveia, J., & Cruz, B. (2016). Relationships between nurses’ empathy, self-
compassion and dimensions of professional quality of life: A cross-sectional study. International
Journal of Nursing Studies. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2016.02.015
Kahriman, I., Nural, N., Arslan, U., Topbas, M., Can, G., & Kasim, S. (2016). The effect of empathy
training on the empathic skills of nurses. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal, 18(6).
https://doi.org/10.5812/ircmj.24847
Kelley, K. J., & Kelley, M. F. (2013). Teaching Empathy and Other Compassion-Based
Communication Skills. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NND.0000436794.24434.90
Mikkonen, K., Kyngäs, H., & Kääriäinen, M. (2015). Nursing students’ experiences of the empathy
of their teachers: a qualitative study. Advances in Health Sciences Education.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-014-9554-0
Richardson, C., Percy, M., & Hughes, J. (2015). Nursing therapeutics: TEACHING student nurses
care, compassion and empathy. Nurse Education Today.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2015.01.016