Communication of Healthcare Assignment 2022

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Subject: Healthcare
Title: Communication
of Healthcare.
Topic: Methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA)
Prepared by:
Professor’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Date

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what is Methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Staphylococcus aureus also referred as ‘golden
staph’ is a bacterium that causes healthcare and
community related infections.
Some strains of Staphylococcus aureus have
advance resistance to antibiotics and these are
known as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus
aureus (MRSA) (Kavanagh, et al.,2018).

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Types of MRSA
• Health care-Associated MRSA (HA-
MRSA).
indirect contact - by interaction with
contaminated surfaces or equipment
• Community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA)
direct contact - by the touch of
contaminated hands of either staff and/or
visitors.

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WHAT DOES MRSA LOOKS LIKE

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Symptoms of MRSA
Healthcare-Associated MRSA
Healthcare-Associated
MRSA can result serious
complications such as urinal
tract infection (UTIs), blood
infection sepsis, and
pneumonia
symptoms include:
•Chest pain
•Cough
•Fatigue
•headaches
•muscle aches
•Fever
•shortness of breath
•Chills
Community-Associated MRSA
Community-Associated MRSA often
cause skin infection in areas such as
the neck, armpits and body parts that
have been scratched or cut (Clebak&
Malone,2018)
Symptoms include:
• Panful Bump
• Swollen
• Itchiness
• Fever
• Redness
• Warmth
• Rash

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Persons at risk of contracting MRSA
Risk factors for HA-MRSA
• Persons hospitalized for a long period of time
• Persons with a weak immune system due to a
different medical illness (Sabbagh, et al.,2019).
• Recent usage of antibiotic
Rick factors of CA-MRSA
• Living in a unhygienic and crowded place
• Persons working at a nursing or day care institution
• Sharing of personal staff such as towels, razors
(Clebak& Malone,2018).
• Close proximity to an individual infected by MRSA

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How is MRSA diagnosed?
The diagnosis of MRSA start with past medical account of the
patient and a physical checkup. Samples can also be taken from
the site of infections. Samples carried out include:
• Urine sample
A positive urine sample can indicate presence urinal tract
infections (UTIs)
• Blood sample
A positive blood test result can be a sign of sepsis blood infection.
• Sputum
Sputum is the sample obtain from the respiratory tract through
coughing. A sputum sample is tested for the presence of
fragments cells, bacteria, pus or blood (Lewis, et al.,2018).
• Wound culture
Wound samples are collected through sterile cotton and tested
for presence of staph bacteria

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How is MRSA treated?
Factors that influence treatment of MRSA include:
• Nature of infection
• Site of infection
• condition of the symptoms
• Antibiotics that still respond to MRSA
Treatment of Healthcare-Associated MRSA
HA-MRSA can be treated by antibiotics in a period of one to
six weeks. If not properly treated can led to severe and life
threatening diseases (Lewis, et al.,2018).
CA-MRSA can be treated with oral antibiotics or through
drainage or incision in severe cases.

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Prevention of MRSA
The following measure can reduce the risk of acquiring and
spreading MRSA
Wash your hand- hand washing and sanitization is the best
defense against germs.
Keep personal items personal –personal items such as
razors, towels, clothes, sheets among other should not be
shared
Keep wounds covered –the wound should be covered with
clean sterile dry bandage until they heal.
Sanitize linens- regularly wash bedding and towels, should
also be kept dry.
Do not inject illicit drugs
Shower immediately after exercise and athletics games.

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Management of MRSA
• Quarantine- patient affected by HA-MRSA should be
placed in isolation to minimize the speared
• Hand wash- hospital staff and visitors should follow
strictly handwashing procedures.
• Use of protective gear- nurses and visitor in contact with
an infected person should wear protective garments and
gloves to avoid contamination.
• Disinfection - Contaminated surface and linens must
always be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected.

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When to see a doctor
Keep an eye on minor skin complication such as:
• Pimples
• Insect bites
• Cut
• Scrapes
If wounds appear infested or are accompanied by a
fever, especially for children seek medical attention.

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Interesting fact about MRSA
MRSA is a bacteria contamination that is
resistance to several antibiotics (Zayyad, et
al.,2017).
Staphylococcus aureus is a form of bacteria that
often reside inside the human nose and skin.
One out of three individuals is carrier of staph
especially in their nose usually without any
symptoms or illness.
 some of invasive MRSA infections are acquired
within health-care facilities..
Sanitizers and germ-killing detergents used in
intensive care unit have been known to
significantly minimize MRSA infections.

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Reference
Lewis , P., Heil , E., Covert , & Cluck , D. B. (2018). Treatment strategies for
persistent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia.
43(5):614-625.
Clebak, K. T., & Malone, M. A. (2018). Skin infection . prime care, 45(3)
433-454.
Kavanagh, K., Abusalem, s., & Calderon, L. (2018). gaps in the current
guidelines for the prevention of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus
aureus surgical site infections. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control.
2018;7:112. view point, (7) 112.
Lee , J., Austin , J. M., Kim , J., Miralles , P. D., & Kaafarani , H. M. (2018).
Developing and Testing a Chart Abstraction Tool for ICU Quality
Measurement.
Sabbagh , P., Riahi, S., Gamble, H., & Rostami , A. (2019). The global and
regional prevalence, burden, and risk factors for methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus colonization in HIV-infected people: A
systematic review and meta-analysis. Infection control, 47(5) 614-625.
Zayyad , H., Eliakim-Raz , N., Leibovici , L., & Paul , M. (2017). Revival of
old antibiotics: needs, the state of evidence and expectations.
Antimicro Agents, 49(5):536-541.

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Methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA)
the end
Presented by: