The Psychosocial and the Biomedical Models of Health and Illness

This essay discusses the psychosocial and biomedical models of health and illness, their implications, and their pros and cons on patients. It explores the use of these models in understanding and treating various health issues. The essay also highlights the importance of addressing the social factors that affect patients' well-being.

THE PSYCHOSOCIAL AND THE BIOMEDICAL
MODELS OF HEALTH AND ILLNESS

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
Biomedical model:......................................................................................................................4
Bio-psychological model ...........................................................................................................5
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................6
REFERENCE...................................................................................................................................8

INTRODUCTION
This essay includes a detailed study about the health and psychological issues that are
made in these time because in today's era people don't have time for giving priority to their
mental and physical health. When any stress and any kind of physical disease arise in human
being it impacts a lot because they got disturbed with the things happen to them they don't know
how to deal with the situation of their illness. This report will carry out the result of the models
used to define the health and illness in patients and the factors which affect the patient most to
become ill. So it will be carried the treatment methodology according to the models used in this
report. Their pros and cons on the patient.
The patient's behaviour is identified, their reaction, satisfaction is analysed. It gives an
idea to evaluate the health in terms of factors affects the person.. The main aim of this report is to
identify the use of various models in minimising and understand the problems of the patients,
understanding the needs of the workers and evaluating the needs of the patients. Providing them
the proper medication considering their social issues which will be helpful for the patients. This
approaches helps in the identification of the physical and psychological needs of the patients
which remove anxiety between doctor and a patient which can remove the anxiety and helps in
better understanding providing a better approach to understand the patients. This can help patient
to easily resolve the bio-medical and psychological effect and to start a healthy lifestyle.
MAIN BODY
Various models which can be used to deliver the functioning of various models which
can be used to create awareness for the physicians for evaluating the problem and finding a
solution to the particular problem which are related to health constituents which are required for
curing the disease which focuses on pain, curing disease, defect which are carried out to
minimize and make normal human conditions. The models discussed focuses on various
approaches which are required to minimize the physical processes which do not take accounts of
social factors. These models do not include the diagnosis, which affects the treatment of patients.
Various models which are used to evaluate the illness are categorised as:
 Biomedical model
 Bio-psychological model

Biomedical model:
Biological model deals with the illness and health issues caused by the various chemical
imbalance due to bacteria and viruses. This can also be through genetic predisposition. The
person who suffers with these factors are treated as victims of some external forces which causes
the internal as well as external changes which can be seen and evaluated by the observer. These
illnesses can be seen and the observer is not responsible for the changes which are beyond their
control. These illnesses can be seen and the individual are not responsible as they are affected by
any cause. This issues can be major problems as they can happen naturally by various means of
infections and viruses which can affect the immune system and affected the healthy person
(Carver and Buchanan, 2016). Through vaccinations, surgery and various therapy these problems
can be resolved which can help in bringing the infected person back to normal physical state of
the person.
These problems can be treated with the proper guidance and medication of a medical
professional(doctor) who can guide and treat in the physical means which can be used to
evaluate the severity of the disease and the medications that are required for the medical
treatment. This treatment ensures that the person must be medicated under proper guidance
eliminating illness and providing a safer health perspective to the clients. Health and illness are
two different terms which are not related to each other which defines the fitness and well-being
of the person. The mind and the body are independent of each other, they are two different
entities which acts differently. Illness has a psychological impact depending on the consequences
but the psychological cause is not affected by the illness(Wade and Halligan, 2017). Various model
implications is done according to the need of the and severity of illness which can help in curing
the disease including the mental illness for ex- cancer can cause unhappiness, but the mood is not
seen related to the disease or in the onset of the progression of cancer. This gives the various
factors of health and medications. Improving the quality and improvement in health can be used
to evaluate using this model. This model aims in the development of the patients including the
needs of social illness which helps the patients in growing their wish to live more and healthy.
They don't have impact on their mind. But would be more aware of taking proper medication on
time(Ostaszkiewicz, Dunning and Streat, 2018). This will lead their body in healthy form. This
model is use more than bio-psychological model because this comprises only about healths and
treatment to be taken under clinical prescriptions.

Bio-psychological model
According to this model the causes of illness in human body are biological factors like
virus, psychological factors like behaviour of the individual and his beliefs, and social factors
like mental stress from external environment e.g. unemployment. The individual does not give
attention towards these factors, and unaware of these things , so at last due to his carelessness he
would suffer from illness and bad health. The person suffer from this type of illness needs to be
handled with lots of care, attitude towards him should be full of patience, change in beliefs and
try to cure the illness from some strategies, treated with recommended medications. It should be
treated not just physical illness while its mental condition should be understood, the patient is
himself is responsible for his treatment as he should be aware of the things and how he face the
situation, like he takes his medicines on time, well coordinated behaviour is expected from him.
As the health and illness exist on a continuous way(Turabian, 2018). As it progress from health to
illness and vice versa in patients. In this situation of illness in patient the mind and health are
related with each other, this will impact on mind and health simultaneously. The mind and health
interact with each other. Psychological factors contribute to illness at all levels of series of
execution from suffering the healthy to illness. This effects to long or short term both on patient's
mind. This model gives various benefits to the patient and the healthcare system like guide each
patient with the medication applications available to them, and spread awareness in them. It
improves patient's satisfaction, as they maintained the behavioural changes, better physical and
psychological health to patient. As spreading awareness by development and applications of
techniques will result in reduce of health risks. Reduce the unnecessary prescription of drugs
given to the patients.
This model is used predicate the mental condition of the patient, there psychological
problems are considered and according to the analysis prevention and cure is suggested(Gagliese,
and et.al., 2018.). Improve in communication of health staff and patients. Improvement in
services for treating the chronic patients, physically disabled person, and senior citizens. Provide
quality life to them, provide good care, necessary instructions to them. This model helps to
understand the mental condition of the individuals more accurately. But this model has some
negative effects also like it is time-consuming for patients, it sometimes costs high. This needs
more reports about the patients during assessment of him, it takes lots of time to gather the data
of his social, economical lives. It needs high maintenance costs due to train the health staff for

the patient a lot. There is no theoretical basis and no scientific evidence to support this model. It
finds the complex relations among the mental, physical, and social factors which influence the
health and reason of occurrence of diseases. This models fails due to lack of resources and
insufficient amount of investment to do the research on it. The medical students are not provided
much courses on psycho-social subjects comparatively to bio-medical courses to study. This
model is not used properly as health staff directly suggest taking medical clinical help and rely
on it(Chong and et.al., 2018).
CONCLUSION
This study concludes the various models which are carried out in the study this refers to
the key objectives of improvising the effects of the health and improving the quality of
addressing the clients, these psychological needs are to be minimised by evaluating the social
needs of the patients. This approaches helps in understanding the patients and evaluation of their
problems. This approaches helps in identifying the needs and wants of the patients and
evaluating them for the better result generation. Aims are minimising the problems by the
approaches which are carried out. Various model can be done in order to evaluate the approaches
which can sometimes fail for not calculating the key approaches and not sufficient sharing of the
problems between patients and doctors which needs to be maintained.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Carver, L.F. and Buchanan, D., 2016. Successful aging: considering non-biomedical
constructs. Clinical interventions in aging,11. p.1623.
Chong, M.S., and et.al., 2018. Successful Ageing in Nonagenarians: Bio-psychosocial Factors
Determining Successful Ageing in Long-Lived Older Adults. Journal of the American
Medical Directors Association. 19(1). pp.90-92.
Gagliese, L., and et.al., 2018. Pain, aging and dementia: towards a biopsychosocial model.
Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry. 87. pp.207-215.
Low, M., 2017. A novel clinical framework: The use of dispositions in clinical practice. A
person centred approach. Journal of evaluation in clinical practice.23(5). pp.1062-1070.
Ostaszkiewicz, J., Dunning, T. and Streat, S., 2018. Models of care for aged care-social or
biomedical?.Australian Nursing and Midwifery Journal.25(7). p.45.
Turabian, J.L., 2018. Gendering of Bio Psychosocial Model and General Practice. J Women's
Health Care.7. p.e131.
Wade, D.T. and Halligan, P.W., 2017. The biopsychosocial model of illness: a model whose time
has come.