Computer System Architecture

Computer System Architecture
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Contents
Aim..................................................................................................................................................4
Computer System Architecture........................................................................................................4
Von Neumann Architecture.............................................................................................................4
Input unit......................................................................................................................................5
Output unit...................................................................................................................................5
Memory unit................................................................................................................................5
Random Access Memory (RAM)............................................................................................6
Read Only Memory (ROM).....................................................................................................6
CPU (Central Processing Unit)....................................................................................................7
Operations of Central Processing Unit....................................................................................7
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)......................................................................................................8
Working of ALU......................................................................................................................8
Control Unit.................................................................................................................................9
Operating System...........................................................................................................................10
Types of operating system.............................................................................................................10
Batch operating system..............................................................................................................10
Time-sharing operating systems................................................................................................11
Distributed Operating System....................................................................................................11
Network Operating System........................................................................................................11
Real-time Operating System......................................................................................................12
Hard real-time systems..........................................................................................................12
Soft real-time systems............................................................................................................13
Operating System Architecture......................................................................................................13
Functions of Operating Systems....................................................................................................15
Program management................................................................................................................15
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Memory management................................................................................................................15
Process Management.................................................................................................................15
I/O Operation.............................................................................................................................15
File System Management..........................................................................................................15
Communication..........................................................................................................................15
Error Handling...........................................................................................................................16
Protection...................................................................................................................................16
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................16
References......................................................................................................................................17
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Aim
Understand the relationships between hardware components and the subsystems used in a
computer system and key features and services provided by different computer operating systems
and hardware.
Computer System Architecture
Computer systems are governed by some set of rules that define the functioning, organization as
well as the implementation of it. These rules are collectively termed as "computer systems
architecture". (Martin 2009) With time many computer systems architecture has been proposed
but in the end, we follow an architecture that comprises all the rules and systems of computers
and for this reason, Von Neumann Architecture is widely followed across the world.
Von Neumann Architecture
John von Neumann, a physicist and mathematician, in 1945 designed an architecture
machine which is called von Neumann model or Princeton architecture. (Neumann 1945) It was
a design architecture for a digital computer which comprised of Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU),
Control Unit (CU), Storage Unit, Input Unit and Output Unit.
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