Concept of Domestic Violence On Children Doc

Impacts of Domestic Violence On
Children And Implications For
Practice And Services

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3
METHODOLOGY..........................................................................................................................7
LITERATURE REVIEW..............................................................................................................15
DISCUSSION................................................................................................................................24
RECOMMENDATION.................................................................................................................32
CONCLUSIONS............................................................................................................................34
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................37

INTRODUCTION
Research Aim
 To determine the impacts of domestic violence on children and its implications for
practice and services provided by social workers and professionals.
Research Objectives
 To understand the concept of domestic violence and its impact on children.
 To identify role of professional and social workers in managing the impact of domestic
violence among children for their smooth recovery.
 To determine the implications of practice and service by social workers and
professionals working with children experiencing domestic violence.
Research Question
 What is the concept of domestic violence and its impact on children?
 What is the role of professional and social workers in managing the impact of domestic
violence among children for their smooth recovery?
 How implications of practice and services by social workers and professionals working
with children experiencing domestic violence can be done?
Domestic violence or commonly known as abusive, violent or intimidating behaviour of a
person towards another person in a relationship. There are various types of domestic violence
which includes emotional, physical, social and sexual violence (When talking about domestic
violence, does terminology matter? 2019). If a person is being subjected or accused by domestic
violence, there are various organisations which can offer help and support to them. There are
many ways by which a person can be accused someone such as physical abuse, emotional abuse,
social abuse, economic abuse and spiritual abuse. In case of domestic violence, physical abuse is
involved which includes slapping, burning, biting, hitting, pinching, pulling hair, cutting etc. In
addition,with this, physical abuse also include deny of medical treatment and force alcohol and
drug undertaken in some. While, emotional abuse includes,deflating victim’s self-esteem and
self-worth sense. There are numerous form of terminologies around domestic violence that
somehow seem bit confusing. Thus, it is essential to understand these as some individuals prefer

one against another. DV- it is an abbreviation which is related to domestic violence, DFV-
abbreviation is domestic family violence. In context with,child abuse, violence in childhood and
exposure to domestic abuse is also a form of child abuse. In addition,with this, this has been seen
that children may directly and indirectly witness these abuses. There are different types of
domestic violence which can be witness by children some of these include,being get hurt from
trying to stop abuse, finding disorderliness like broken furniture, visual perception of parent's
injuries or distress afterwards. There are different types of laws and legislation which is related
to child abuse, some of these legislation are in England, Northern Ireland and Wales reflects that
hearing and seeing ill-treatment of any other individual. In addition to this, Scotland legislation
covers various domestic abuse within child abuse definition. In this according to The Domestic
abuse (Scotland) Act 2018, child abuse include seeing, hearing, being physically present during
abusive incident. While in Scotland, according to an act which is Abusive Behaviour and Sexual
Harm (Scotland) Act 2016, it states that effective improvement is required towards sexual harm
as well as abusive behaviour. In the case of sentencing, it is essential for a court to identify that
whether there is any partner and ex-partner is included while conducting this offence. Along with
this, there are various types of guidance which ire provided by the government of UK. These
guidance includes Child Protection system in England, The Department of Education (DfE) and
many more. all these assist in protecting child from domestic abuse within England (Child
protection system in England. 2019). They set different kind of statutory guidance, legislation
and policy in order to provide guidance in an effective manner to protect the child. It has been
identified that there are three local safeguarding arrangements which includes the local authority,
the police and the clinical commissioning group. All these statutory organisations perform their
task in a coordinating manner so that they can protect children from abusive relationship in best
and possible way.

Domestic violence has been defined at federal as well as state level. In addition to this, it
has also been identified that there is a situation where caretaker and parents abuse their child via
any kind of action whether it is physical or mental. There are various kind of domestic violence
such as sexual abuse, emotional abuse, physical abuse and exploitation which highly affects the
behaviour or upbringing of a child in a negative manner. Apart from this, ignoring children is
also included in child abuse (Levenson and Grady, 2016). It is a situation when child is ignored
by carer and patient. They do not get proper affection, support and supervision related to safety,
child's health and well-being. Child abuse is a complex situation that can be occur from different
types of multiple reasons. Thus, it is essential for an individual to have proper and adequate
knowledge related to sophisticated and systematic policy so that they can respond effectively in
such situation.
On the basis of various research, it has been identified that domestic violence is a
situation which is repeated from generation to generation on a regular basis. The cycle of abuse
is introduced in the year 1979 by Dr. Lenore Walker. According to this theory, it has been
identified that there are mainly three stages. First stage mainly begins with tension-building
phase while second stage starts with incident phase and the third stage is calm phase. Therefore,
it has been concluded that cycle of abuse is mainly resulted from sexual harm, verbal harm as
well as physical harm. While on the other hand, child abuse is mainly considered as an action.
There is numerous form of examples that can lead towards causing harm. Some of the abuses
includes anger issues, substance abuse, neglect, alcoholism and many more. All these directly
and indirectly affects the mental as well as physical health. Further, such violence causes mental
harm to the child for both long as well as short term and sometime leads towards causing death.
Therefore, it become essential for the parents to make their children aware about such situations
in advance. It has also been identified that there are rise in such abusive behaviour within the
society which highly affects the upbringing and behaviour of children.
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Therefore, it is very important for parents to make their children aware about domestic
violence and various situations which affect their upbringing, behaviour or attitude in a negative
manner. In addition to this, it has been identified that there is rise in such situations which are
related with domestic violence from the passage of time. From past few year's domestic violence
rapildy increase which mainly conduct on several stages. Along with this, it has been seen from
many years that children get physically, mentally or emotionally abused by their parents,
guardian or caretaker via bad behaviour for parents and caregivers. Therefore, it is very
important for the parents to talk with their children on a regular basis in a friendly manner. As
this will effectively help them to identify exact situation and sense of mind of their child. In
addition to this, children need to share each and every issue faced by them in an effective
manner. In addition with this, it is important for an individual to have knowledge related to every
essential law and regulations such as Child protection Act, it is an act that mainly protect child
form any kind of abuse, exploitation, neglect and violence. There are different types of rights that
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has been hold by child. Some of them includes the right to live with family, the right to have
clean water and electric power, the right to equal opportunities, the right to guidance from a
caring adult, the right of protection from abuse and neglect and the right to love in conditions of
dignity and freedom. In addition with this, it has been identified that child abuse laws mainly
exists on local, federal and state levels (Protecting children from domestic abuse. 2019). Along
with this, it has been measured out that the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA)
is being get passed by federal government in the year 1974 and was reauthorized in the year
2010. This has been evaluated that it is one of the largest body of legislation which is mainly
related to legal, fair and ethical treatment of children (The Cycle of Abuse: Definition, Explained,
Examples. 2018). In addition to this, all these law protect child from any kind of abuse which
mainly includes psychological, physical, emotional and physical abuse. Therefore, it is very
important to have proper and adequate knowledge about the legal rules, laws and regulations so
that such adverse situation can be ignored. This will further provide assistance to protect child
form any type of physical, emotional and mental abuse. In addition to this, it is required by the
parents to take regular review from their children which is related to their daily schedule.
METHODOLOGY
Research Rationale
It is one of the most important part of research because of this researcher or investigator
will be able to know the importance of research topic. Through this, project manager will be able
to identify advantage along with disadvantages of a particular theme on which the research is
based on. The present research is based on the topic of impacts of domestic violence on children
and implications for practice and services (Granqvist and et. al., 2017). The rationale of this
study is to identify the factors which influence the domestic violence on children, so that
effective practices and services can provide to avoid such situations in an effective manner.
Along with this, another rationale of the present research is that with the help of conducting this
research in an effective manner, project manager will be able to enhance their capabilities, skills
and abilities which is related with data analysis skill, communication skill, ability to understand
the literature review section and so on.
Search Strategy
It is defining as a method or technique which is adopted by project manager in order to
collect data and information on a particular topic. By respective method researcher able to gather
7

appropriate information which is essential for conducting a specific report as well as gaining
impressive outcome. In respect of respective research, project manager adopts two main
strategies for collecting data as well as information i.e. primary strategy or method and
secondary strategy or method (Vetere and Cooper, 2016). Primary research is a technique which
is adopted by researcher in order to collect first hand data and information through various ways
like survey, questionnaire, face to face interviews and many more. On the other hand, secondary
method is a technique through which project manager gathering information by adopting
published and unpublished existing data and for this several sources are adopted such as
newspaper, articles and many more.
Data Extraction
It is a method which is adopted by the project manager so that they can collect data and
information by using different sources in an effective manner. With the assistance of this,
investigator will be able to gain several benefits such as enhance accuracy of data, gaining better
outcome and productivity, save time as well as cost of researcher and so on. In respect of
respective research, project manager adopts primary method for collecting data and information
that will also help in developing questionnaire which will be filled by respondents (Holt, 2016).
With the help of this, project manager of the present research assist in increasing appropriate
outcome which is according to the set standard.
Critical Appraisal
Critical appraisal is a procedure with the help of which researcher can carefully and
systematically evaluate the outcome of research which enhance the value, relevancy and
trustworthiness. In respect of respective report that is based on impacts of domestic violence on
children and implications for practice and services, its critical appraisal is to identify reasons
which leads to domestic violence and its impact on children (Choenni, Hammink and van de
Mheen, 2017). This will also assist in identifying different methods used to produce positive
outcome effectively. On the other hand, this is the research which includes various negative
aspect such as time and cost. Along with this, respective topic is also very societal based which
may impact or hurt feeling of other peoples.
Analysis and Synthesis
Analysis and synthesis is a method which is considered as a portion of design thinking.
Analysis is a process in which researcher or investigator divide complex or whole activity into
8

different small parts or components, so that effective outcome can be produced. On the other
hand, synthesis is defining as opposite process because in this small portions are connected in
order to develop whole work or activity. Selection of this is totally based on priority which is
according to the topic (Cutuli and et. al., 2017.). In context of present research, analysis and
synthesis is generally based on secondary research which includes authentic articles, journals and
websites related on the topic of impacts of domestic violence on children and implications for
practices and services.
Why desk based literature review?
Research project is generally based on the literature review portion because it will assist
them in collecting more appropriate and effective data or information. Along with this, it is
impressive because all the gathered information as well as data is based on opinion of authors
who generally write or publish article on which data and information is given according to the
topic. The present research is based on the topic i.e. impacts of domestic violence on children
and implications for practice and services on which all the information and data is being
collected to conduct the research in an effective manner (Jaffe, 2018).
How I have done what I have done
Present research is based on the topic of impacts of domestic violence on children and
implications for practice and services. In order to conduct the research in an effective and
positive manner, researcher used various secondary sources such as journals, articles, websites
and newspapers. In the present research, investigator used secondary method where they select
various sources such as websites and journals. Along with this, literature review is selected by
researcher in order to know the viewpoint of different scholars and to enhance their knowledge
about particular topic. Mainly six article is used by researcher in the present research which are
as follows:
Article Number Year of publication Name of article
1 2019 Domestic violence and abuse –
the impact on children
2 2019 Dearden, L
3 2019 Domestic violence: Child-
parent abuse doubles in three
9

years
4 2019 When talking about domestic
violence, does terminology
matter?
5 2019 Child protection system in
England
6 2019 Protecting children from
domestic abuse
Flow chart of search
PRISMA Flow Chart- It is a flow chart which is considered as a graphical representation of
citations which mainly provides various data and information on a specific and systematic
review. It also describes about overall flow of information in different stages of systematic
reviews. This flow chart also conducts mapping on overall number of records or articles used at
the starting stage and later they get eliminated one after another with specific reasons. In the
context of current investigation, this flow chart assists in systematically review all citations that
are used in the study.
Steps of Flow Chart
Preparation- At preliminary stage, researcher indulges into preparation where they mainly
emphasise on information which is expected by them to cover on. Along with this, at this stage,
they also use different tools and techniques which have been used by them for selecting
articles.
Doing the database search- It is the secondary phase of flow chart where information is
searched by using database search. This stage can be well understood with the help of an
example. For instance: Researcher and other team members have gathered information and
required data from various books, articles and journals. All used journals and books are
recorded in the Prisma flow chart along with its numbers. It has been said that this is the stage
which is helpful in recording information and data by each and every individual separately.
Apart from this, the database is kept and recorded in separate sections.
10

Additional sources- In the present research, investigator has chosen different sources for
collecting additional information related to a specific topic. With the help of these information,
researcher will be able to enhance its knowledge. In the context of present research, investigator
have used various online articles so that they grab maximum information related to a specific
topic and produce positive outcome.
Remove all duplicates- At this stage, researcher mainly focuses on removing duplicate articles
which are mentioned in the actual record of sources as well as in additional sources. This stage
helps in reducing the chance of repetition and mistakes as investigator has gone through all
resources twice.
Screening articles- At next, investigator places their efforts in screening on the all chosen
articles so that their accuracy and relevancy can be identified effectively. Here, screening is
performed only on those articles which are identified as duplicate in the above mentioned stage
which is duplication removed box.
11
Additional records identified
Through other sources
(n=0 )
Records identified through
Database searching
(n=200 )
Records identified through
Database searching
(n=200)
Additional records identified
Through other sources
(n=0 )
Records identified through
Database searching
(n=200)
Additional records identified
Through other sources
(n=0)
Records after duplicates removed
(n=180)

Screening (Excluded articles)- In this stage, it is needed to screen all the titles and abstracts for
collecting all the database which is required to complete the research in an effective manner.
For example, if any information which seems that it will be helpful for providing data about
domestic violence should be considered.
Eligibility- This is the seventh step under which all the excluded books, articles, people or
information is subtracted from the total number of records.
Eligibility (records excluded)- According to this stage, each and every information, data and
articles which are eligible to be included in the final review have been analysed (Jung, 2015).
For example, information related to domestic violence, its cause, precautions and others.
Included- This is the last stage where all the articles used by researcher in order to conduct the
research are described. 12Studies included in
qualitative synthesis
(n= 20 )
Studies included in quantitative
Synthesis (meta-analysis)
(n= 6)
Full text articles assessed
for eligibility
(n= 60)
Full text articles excluded
with reasons
(n=190 )
Records screened
(n=658 )
Records screened
(n=150 )
Records screened
(n=658 )
Full text articles assessed
for eligibility
(n= 60)
Records after duplicates removed
(n= )
Full text articles excluded
with reasons
(n=190 )
Records after duplicates removed
(n=180 )
Records screened
(n=150 )
Records after duplicates removed
(n= )
Records excluded
(n=140 )

How did I search for my articles? Where did I look? What criteria did I use to whittle them
down to 6? Why did I choose 6 articles? What’s good about my 6 articles?
In order to conduct research on the topic- impacts of domestic violence on children and
implications for practice and services in an effective manner. For this, I need to search various
articles which assist me in order to collect required data and information. Therefore, I have
developed various objectives and policies according to the requirements which assist me for
collecting both online and offline sources. In case of offline, I prefer various books based on my
research topic.
What did I then do with the info? How did I make sure I used it ethically? How did I
compare and contrast?
After gathering required information from various secondary sources I have done in
depth study, so that I will be able to collect necessary data in an effective manner. Along with
this, while collecting information I ensure that all the used articles and journals are effective and
data collection is done in ethical manner. It is also very important that the sources are authentic
and ensure that its content is relevant. In order to conduct comparison and contrast I have
evaluated various articles from different authors which is available on both offline and online.
Ethical Consideration
Ethical consideration is one of the most important factor as it is very essential for a
researcher to collect and conduct the research in an effective and ethical manner without harming
the sentiments of any individual. While conducting the research in an effective manner, there are
various factors which need to be considered by researcher which includes cost, time, data
collection method and many more. In respect of respective research project manager need to use
their time as well as money in effective manner and on ethical activities (Kiesel, Piescher and
Edleson, 2016). Along with this, it is also very essential for the researcher to collect their data
and information by adopting various ethical ways.
Time: It is one of the necessary factor which is consider by researcher while conducting
the research. In reference to the present research, time required by the investigator in order to
complete the research in an effective manner is 11 months. But due to lack of time, the research
is completed within 5 months. This as a result affects the overall quality and authenticity of
research and rise various issues related to quality of work.
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Cost: For conducting the research in an effective manner, researcher need specific
amount of cost. For the present research, investigator requires huge amount of money but there is
limited amount of funds which directly and indirectly affects the outcome of research. Along
with this, it will affect the quality of work done by researcher.
Method of data collection: Selecting data collection method is one of the toughest part
in the whole research, as it requires lot of concentration and analysis. In the present context of
this research, investigator decides to adopt secondary method where they collect information
from different sites, books, newspaper and many other secondary sources.
In order to collect maximum information for increasing the understanding on the chosen
topic along with the authenticity of secondary sources used by researcher in order to conduct the
research. In this research, main preference was given to the recent articles published within the
year gap of 2016-2019. While choosing these articles investigator has focused on selecting
genuine articles only which are matching with the stated aim and objectives. Apart from this,
while the selection of books and journal used for the same literature review section are chosen on
the basis of authors past books reviews. It has been concluded that the presented information in
this research is genuine and authentic. Also, it was developed in an effective manner and without
involvement of any bias activities. This simply states that none of the participant was affected at
the time of gathering information for this investigation in order to develop conclusion for the
same.
Who could have been harmed? How did I ensure that I did not harm anyone?
While collecting information and data for conducting research in an effective manner, I
ensure that no one get affected and harm. Along with this by conducting all the activities in a
legal manner, I can ensure that each and every task and activity is performed by following proper
rules and regulation. Along with this I have followed every rule and policies in such a manner
that it will produce positive outcome.
How did I ensure to the best of my capability that the sources I used did not harm anyone?
In context of the present research, I can ensure that each and every activity conducted by
the researcher is performed in ethical manner and do not harm any individual in the overall
research. Reason behind this is that each team member follows every rules and regulations in an
effective manner, so that positive outcome will be produced.
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How did I ensure that my analysis was not impacted by my own Bias? How did I ensure
that the articles reflected a balanced and accurate account?
I can make sure that my analysis does not impacted by my own bias as no one in the team
member make any complain which affects the overall performance of an individual. This can be
done so as I always consider the point of view of each and every individual and take decision
after considering their thoughts. With the help of this, I will be able to produce positive outcomes
and enhance the efficiency of present research. Through I will also ensure that articles which are
used in this report are balanced as well as accurate according to topic because it will include all
effective information about the research topic i.e. impacts of domestic violence on children and
implications for practice and services.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Literature review refers to the scholar paper which provides current knowledge to readers
related to a particular topic. Information presented in this section is based on different types of
secondary sources which consists of information from perspective of different authors. Literature
review is seen as essential part of every investigation. This supports overall outcomes of
research. Also, it provides in depth knowledge to readers on specific topic which is developed by
integrating information presented by different authors on similar topic. In this section,
investigator uses various kind of external sources so that adequate amount of information can be
developed effectively (Best, 2017). Some of common sources which are used by investigator for
gathering information are newspapers, books, online articles, journals, websites, magazines and
other authenticated information which is published and true. In reference to the present study,
investigator use books, journals, online articles and websites. While using these authenticated
sources, investigator considers some essential factors, this helps in increasing value of various
outcomes. These important factors include author's name, publishing date, copyright policy etc.
The topic of current study is impact of domestic violence on children and various
implications for practice and services provided by social workers and professionals. In order to
enhance knowledge of readers on this topic, Literature review section has been bifurcated into
sub topics that makes it easier for investigator to express information separately on each topic
(Cronholm and et. al., 2015). Also, it is more convenient for readers also, as they can understand
each topic effectively without getting confused on a single topic. All of sub divided sections are
presented below along with their information gathered from above literature review section.
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Concept of domestic violence and its impact on children
As per thoughts given by Park and Schepp, (2015), Domestic violence refers the
incidents or wrong activities which are done to threaten or control abuse, violence or behaviour
of an individual from its family members. In reference to this term with children, it can be said
that abusive behaviour, controlling and violence towards children equivalent or below 16 years
of age is termed as domestic violence. It has been analysed that Domestic Violence in England
has been doubled in proportion in past three years. In the year 2015, it was recorded by police
that annual incident abuse record was 7224, while after 3 years this figure have reached to
14,133 in 2018. This change has been recorded as just double to past record. Also, it has been
observed that National Police Chiefs Council (NPCC) has also taken various initiatives in order
to support those children who are going through this kind of situations (Domestic violence:
Child-parent abuse doubles in three years, 2019).
Domestic violence can take place in many different forms such as emotional, financial,
physical, sexual etc. Physical form of domestic violence is considered as throwing of object,
beating child and others. Whereas, emotional domestic violence includes controlling behaviour
of child, threatening them for performing wrongful activities and forcing them to indulge into
wrong or unethical activity. It has been analysed that in the past time domestic violence was only
conducted at home grounds (Roberson and Wallace, 2016). This means that all wrong activities
which are done to abuse children were done at home only but with changing time modes of
domestic violence have also been changed. Now a day, children often face domestic violence
from technological mediums like internet, mobile phones, social networking sites etc. In context
of children, it has been analysed that domestic violence is faced by children as they are badly
treated by their family members. These children's are badly beaten, sexually abused and
emotionally tortured by their family members. This directly affects their daily lifestyle and also
influence their growth as well as development rate in a negative manner.
On the other hand, Dearden, L., (2019), has said that children's are the one who mainly
considered as victim of domestic violence as their parents accuse them. Also, it has been
identified that around 250000 children in England currently deals with domestic abuse (Domestic
violence and abuse – the impact on children, 2019). It is analysed that these children are victim
of domestic violence as many times their parents who domestically abuse each other has a
negative impact over these children directly or indirectly. Also, these parents abuse their children
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because of their frustration or anger because of their partners. It can be said that in such cases
parents often abuse their children physically by beating them with any object or scolding them
on unnecessary topics without any of their mistakes (Law must recognise children as victims of
domestic abuse between parents, 2019). All of this, have some negative impact over the health of
child which affect their physical and mental stability. It can be said that children who are
suffering from domestic violence show slow development in comparison to those children whose
upbringing is done in a happy family. Also, there are many children who starts living their life
alone without connecting to external environment, their friends or family in order to reduce
influence of trauma over their health. While analysing influence of domestic violence on child, it
has been analysed that children are getting affected by this since their initial ages. For instance:
Children below 10 years might become anxious due to domestic violence whose common
symptoms are regular complains of tummy aches and many a times they also start wetting their
bed. Apart from this, these children also might feel problems or difficulty in sleeping, they also
get irritated at small things, their tantrums start increasing. Their behaviour towards friends and
family is not positive. This clearly reflects that these children are not feeling good both mentally
and physically (Hockenberry and Wilson, 2018).
While understanding the domestic abuse in detail, it has been analysed that children often
face issues associated with domestic violence which includes various sub sections. The main
among them are controlling of such behaviour where parents or other family members poke or
interfere child's life. By advising them about what they should wear or where they should go or
not go. Along with this these parents or family members also do not allow them to leave their
house without their parents’ permission. Impact of domestic violence on basis of gender can be
seen as there are different behavioural changes among boys and girls who are suffering from
domestic violence (Straus, Gelles and Steinmetz, 2017). It has been observed that boys become
more aggressive and disobedient when they are going through any misconduct. Whereas, this
behaviour becomes more severe among children when they are above 10 years as they might
copy similar kind of activity which their parents are indulging into. For instance, these children
may abuse other children, just like their parents are abusing them at home. Also, there are
probable chances that elder children might adopt path of consumption of alcohol or drug. As they
start believing that it will help them in keeping themselves calm and stress free. Whereas, impact
of domestic violence on girls are quite different from boys. Unlike boys, girls prefer to keep all
17

stress to themselves this can result in severe depression as they are not sharing their feelings with
others. Also, girls might indulge into eating disorder as they could start eating extra food. Girls
might also harm themselves because they are emotionally weak and cannot handle this situation.
It has also been observed that many times girls also prefer to find a partner who is suffering from
similar issues. It is easier for girls to share their feelings with someone who is facing similar
issues (Finkelhor and et. al., 2015).
The impact of domestic violence on children is very negative and can be shown some
post-traumatic stress disorder. In this, children who suffer from this situation could face issues
related to physical pain, nightmares, regular headaches and flashback of old experiences. These
all are short term influence of domestic violence (Johnson, 2017). It has been further seen that
long term influence of these issues is that children start adopting this type of behaviour, as they
get elder because they start believing that all these things are normal. On other hand, not all
children take same path as they believe that whatever they have gone through must not affect
their future generations or other associated people. Moreover, these children might also join
some charitable trust or NGOs. who work for reducing similar social issues. These efforts are
done in order to support other children who are facing similar kind of issues.
Role of professional and social worker in managing the impact of domestic violence among
children for smooth recovery
According to the perception of Abramovitz, (2017). professional and social workers play
an essential role in dealing with impact of domestic violence. This helps children in helping them
to recover smoothly. It has been identified that professionals are one who are expert in
counselling. They have capability of communicating with children so that they can make them
relax and calm. So that overall negative impact of abuse can be reduced. Along with this, it is
essential for these professionals to consider or analyse situation of children first and then take
appropriate action. This will help them to improve their present condition. These professionals
mainly analyse children on basis of their regular behaviour. To analyse whether they are reacting
normally in every situation or they remain always disturbed.
In addition to this, professionals also lay emphasis on developing or modifying their
treatment on basis of every individual's situation. For instance: if a child is suffering from
physical abuse in domestic violence, then it is essential for social worker to provide medical
treatment to that particular child. This treatment will support victim child in having a soon
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recovery. Further, they can easily be approached for several treatments with the help of which
their other problems can be resolved effectively. Furthermore, it has been identified that there are
many children who go through Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. This prevents their effective and
timely recovery (Ferguson, 2016). This is because, they live in their past and think that there
present will be ruined just like there past because of their family members.
It can be said that children suffering from domestic violence can recover effectively if
they get right support from social workers or professionals who have capability of reducing
influence of domestic violence on them. Many professional believes that their help is not enough
for victim. In this case, they believe that if they get support from their family members, who care
about their children then it will ultimately increase chances of child health improvement. As they
can easily recover with continuous support from their family members. For instance: Social
worker of National Centre for Domestic Violence (NCDV) prefer to analyse their patient first by
doing some important counselling sessions for children. In this session, professionals ask victim
about each and every question related to incident like, what they have suffered, who have abused
them, who was responsible for it, which family member was supporting them in that particular
situation, who else can help them to come out from this situation if it occurs again, who all are
their close friends, who else outside their home can support them in future etc. It can be said that
all these questions help professionals in gathering information about the victim (Browne, 2019).
This helps them to find out that whether victim will get support from internal or external sources
whenever they will require it. Thus, as per their analysis if these professional expertise believes
that child is not stable then they can conduct some counselling sessions for them. In this session,
professional expertise aware children about their rights and how they can use these rights in their
favour while dealing with the similar situation again. Also, this counselling session includes
information about certain courses of action that could be taken by children while facing domestic
violence. It includes some self-defence techniques, communicating with genuine person
available at home, discussion with school teacher, peers etc.
Apart from this, if these professional experts believe that some family members of these
children are actually cooperative then, they can ask them to develop a relationship with these
victimised children. So that, they can recover from this situation effectively as they are getting
support of their family members. As per overall analysis, it has been identified that main motive
of these professionals is to develop confidence in children. This will make them realise that they
19

are the one, who can help them in getting out from such situation and recover early. For this, it is
essential for every victim to understand their own situation and then communicate with others
with whoever they are comfortable with (Poocharoen and Ting, 2015). It has also been seen that
communication is the only way through which victimised child can overcome this situation. As a
result, this support of professional and social worker will boost up confidence among suffered
children and also help them out in overcoming from various issues developed because of
domestic violence in quick manner.
On other hand, some professional experts say that family, close friends, relatives and
society are also responsible for domestic violence on children. Domestic violence is taking place
on a big scale in United Kingdom. It has impacted growth of children. Beside this domestic
violence also put negative impact on the living standard of people. If parents have friendly
relation with their children's than they can openly share their issues and problems with them.
Each experience whether it is positive or negative can be shared with their parents. This helps
and protects them from this issue of domestic violence. In this report, it has been analysed that
motive of professionals is to improve confidence of children. So that they can face various kind
of problems and every situation in an effective manner. If family members support their children
in each and every situation, this can be a good solution for themselves problem. Through
counselling session of parents such kind of problems can be reduced in an effective manner. It
can be said that this whole scenario is fully dependent on parent’s relationship with their
children.
Social workers play different type of roles in order to support and reduce the domestic
violence case within the society in an effective manner. It is a prime duty of social worker to
safeguard well-being of their children whenever it is required. Professionals should help children
suffering from child abuse. To improve their upbringing so that they can cope up in society and
work towards living a better life. Professional workers assisted by providing different range of
services which is appropriate for the well-being of children. Social workers offer support to their
family and children to improve their competence and confidence. With the help of cop and
police, social workers can investigate child abuse and take effective measures to control these
activities. Social workers have defined duties such as investigating referrals, coordinating with
various child protection agencies, making arrangements for lawyer and many more.
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Professional workers play very essential role in order to help those children who face
domestic violence. Also, they work to assist them in their difficult times. It there is any
information about child abuse social workers make enquires and provide this information to
police regarding child. Social workers have to maintain records of child protection to have
adequate information which can be useful in future. While most of social workers work
according to legal framework depending upon the country. Hence, a collaborative approach is
important to get effective results. Social workers work with professionals and also with
government to develop and design active polices which beneficial for children. Professionals
work with intensive care so that there can be better future of victims. It also involves delivering
and supporting alternative care arrangements for those children who are unable to safely remain
in child care unit or return to their parents for care and support.
Social workers use authorities and legislations to safeguard children and encourage them;
this helps them to gain moral support. This is a complex process where social workers should
have skills and patience for handling various situations. Social workers have foster care where a
child can spend days or months until treatment is over. Social practices involve attending
physical, emotional and educational well-being of kids who deal in human welfare protection.
As a result, child protection or social workers are recognised by world and are trusted by people.
Social worker provides unique services and important contribution towards society. They
facilitate kids and their pathway to ensure quality services. Professionals deal with such
situations in different manner, they provide guidance and support to child so that they have
prosperous future. They have skills and knowledge regarding child abuse and have experience to
handle different cases. Social workers facilitate unique role in social services with holistic
approach. They are fully dedicated for human rights and provide support in a multidisciplinary
and dynamic environment.
Social workers help to reduce cases of child abuse and help those children whose parents
don't provide required care and affection to them. Professionals also guide parents how to handle
these situations and to take proper care of their children. They also provide assistance to families
to deal with these situations in a positive manner and help them to a great extent. Social workers
help to reduce effects of trauma, contribute to child-centred planning and increase stability of
their families as well as of children. There are various child protection care units, which provide
safety as well as stability. They also help in overall development of children by providing them
21

professional assistance in relation to child abuse. Social workers help in reducing these cases of
child abuse and preventing children from getting involved in such cases. It is a prime duty of
social worker to return child to their families in minimum time, so child can get adequate support
from their parents. Due to increased complexity and emotionally changed nature of their
work, child welfare workers may find it challenging and time consuming. Social workers provide
required amount of support to parents while protecting children and also help to overcome from
such situations. Social workers work for different agencies or also operate at state level. At last
social worker as well as professional workers both play a vital role in taking intensive care of
child who faces abuse. Families have a very important role towards child care and their
upbringing.
Implications of practice and services by social workers and professionals working with
children experiencing domestic violence
On the basis of views presented by Turner and et. al., (2017) it has been analysed that
social worker and professionals have spent their huge proportion of time for developing their
knowledge. Several ways have been discovered, so that victim children suffering from child
abuse can deal with such situations. Also, on the basis of their own experience they have
developed some ways by which they can guide children about negative consequences of
domestic violence and how they can easily overcome from its impact. These ways are described
as below:
 At first, it is suggested to those children who face domestic violence that it is not a
shameful thing and is not required to hide it from society. Thus, they are required to talk
about this with their friends and family in order to overcome its impact and find out a
feasible solution for the same. In this, social workers ask children to communicate about
their actual situation with the outsiders with whom they feel comfortable and can share
anything (Callaghan and et. al., 2018). By adopting this way, children can easily break
down violence and abuse cycle which is affecting these children in a negative manner.
 At next, it is suggested to doctors, teachers, social workers, nurses and professional
trainers to keep an eye on children in order to identify signs of domestic violence and
abuse. This will help individuals in order to understand their actual situation and support
them in solving them at initial stage. As a result, it will contribute in keeping these
children safe. As a result, it will also contribute in keeping their children secure and
22

comfortable both from internal and external environment. Along with this, by solving
these issues and problems faced by children on a regular basis will help them in dealing
with daily complexities of life.
 Further, it is advised to doctors, teachers, social workers, nurses and professional trainers
to also take help of police in some severe cases. Along with this, it is essential for
parents to ensure that their children are aware about all facts and figures related to
situations which are not appropriate for them (Meinck and et. al., 2015). They must also
be made aware how they can take several initiatives in dealing with such situations.
 Also, it has been advised to children that if in any case they have to run from their house
because of domestic violence they are facing. In such cases, they are completely free to
communicate to professionals like social workers and solicitors to take help from them.
It has been noticed that practical help is given in terms of dealing with money issues,
providing a place to live, making school arrangements for children etc. is very important
to communicate these issues and problems to some professionals. This will help them to
identify various problems and resolve them in an effective manner and within a specific
period of time.
 It has been suggested that there are various policies and acts enacted by government of
UK. According to the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act which was amended in
the year 2019, January. With this act, large number of non-profit organisations assist
those children who is highly suffering from domestic violence from a great extent
(Devaney and Lazenbatt, 2016). By implementing such laws, number of cases of
domestic violence have been reduced. Therefore, it will assist a lot in keeping these
children safe.
 It has also been identified that impact of domestic violence is a serious issue that has
affected overall behaviour and upbringing of a child in a negative manner. Therefore, it
has been suggested to parents and doctors to tackle such cases with more care. Reason
behind this is that they feel aggression, depression, difficulties while interacting with
others. Hence, it has been recommended to medical professionals that they must always
deal with these children in such a manner that they are able to feel protected and safe
with them.
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DISCUSSION
Strength of the study
The biggest strength of this research is that it was conducted in an appropriate manner.
While conducting this research, teamwork helped a lot in achieving overall goals and objectives
of this study. This research helped a lot in analysing different concepts of domestic violence and
its negative impact on children. The main strength of conducting this qualitative research is that
it has capacity to provide good information about respondents. This has given in depth
information about cases of domestic violence (Straus, Gelles and Steinmetz, 2017). According
to whole matter presented in this study, it is easy to evaluate that professional and social worker
have played a significant role in controlling incidents of domestic violence and also in protecting
those children who are going through mental suffering. By having expertise in this field, they are
at a better position to provide counselling through effective communication. As communication
acts as a very effective tool in making such situations better. This research has provided help in
unravelling complex phenomena embedded in a local context.
Limitation of the study
The limitation of this study was that gathering data is a very time consuming process. As
data was qualitative in nature. Analysis of this qualitative form of data takes longer time to be
evaluated. In this given report, interpretation of result is biased as it is influenced by personal
perspective of researcher. Various conclusions made by investigator in this present study are not
generalizable as number of subjects were very few and it possess some unique characteristics
when compared to typical respondents (Berns, 2017). The main limitation in this study was that
there were some respondents who gave biased answers about domestic violence. They wanted to
fill questionnaire on basis of their personal experiences but they were facing pressure of society
and family so they were giving very biased answers. This made whole research biased towards
thinking aspect of respondent. Also, domestic violence is a crucial concept which needs to have a
more in depth research or study.
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Discussion on secondary data
Concept of domestic violence and its impact on children
From above analysis of data, it can be said that domestic violence is a crucial factor
which is used for threatening, violence or harsh behaviour. In context of children, domestic
violence happens when there is occurrence of abusive or bad behaviour with children below age
of 16 years. There is a drastic increase in rate of domestic violence in England in last 3 years.
The case of domestic violence can be seen in different forms like financial, emotional, physical
and sexual. From above discussion, it can be concluded that earlier domestic violence used to
take place internally. Emotional domestic violence is also increasing at a very fast rate and it
includes controlling behaviour of children or threatening them for performing any wrongful
activity. When parents and adults threaten their children for indulging in an unethical activity or
wrong activity. With change in time, there is also increase in various modes of domestic violence
(Mirick, 2016). Every child in growing phase needs lot of support from their parents in
emotional, physical and financial way but when situations of domestic violence occur, a child is
not able to get right support. Furthermore, no motivation or encouragement is remain in their life
which highly influence their present and future in a negative manner. Life is full of challenges
and level of such challenges increases with occurrence of such type of incidents. In today's
world, children are facing domestic violence and technology based mediums like mobile phones,
internet, social networking websites, etc. also increases such acts of violence. This has been
observed in various discussions that domestic violence is a problem which is faced by children
when they are treated badly by family members. There have been so many cases where children
are taking help of internet for distraction from events of domestic violence but in turn they get
trapped into new cybercrimes or cyberbullying. These circumstances increases pain because of
some existing situations of domestic violence. Home is a safe place for a person where one can
relax, talk to family members, have a peaceful life but because of domestic violence this
definition gets completely changed. Furthermore, it has been observed that not being able to
meet all expectations, failures, dissatisfaction, isolation etc. can be some of reasons for domestic
violence. With this, it has been analysed that there are many children who are exposed to
violence at home and they are said to be victims of physical abuse. Children who are
experiencing domestic violence and are victims have major problems related to their mental and
physical health. Children who are suffering from domestic violence are also suffering from
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emotional as well as psychological trauma because of living in a household which is being
dominated by fear and tension. There are chances of children being caught in an assault by
accident or because of intentions of abuser. A child facing domestic violence can be directly
targeted by perpetrator. This leads to suffering of physical abuse and serious neglect. The impact
of domestic violence on the upbringing of children is major which affect them both mentally as
well as physically. Children who are exposed to domestic violence are said to have behavioural
problems like regressing and imitating behaviours and exhibiting out of control behaviours
(Straus, 2017). There are some cases where children act through anger and they are more
aggressive than other children and this sometimes makes children aggressive towards others. The
role of parents is to provide sufficient support to their children and make them believe that they
are not alone but it is totally opposite in such events. Furthermore, if a person is going through
this phase of domestic violence, then he or she should think about other aspects in order to calm
down during such situations. Domestic violence is a wide concept which affects behaviour of
people who are more vulnerable to such incidents. The impact of domestic violence is high
which affect their upbringing, behaviour and attitude for a long period of time. This is because of
forceful nature of their parents or relatives in relation to everything. This affects them negatively
and provokes them to do things which are inappropriate. Furthermore, gender can be considered
as an important factor in this where boys are more prone to increased aggression which makes
them disobedient. This not only troubles the person itself but the whole family as well. On the
contrary, girls often get trapped into depression as they are not much into sharing their pain and
keeping all their worries to themselves. This can be for long term causing continuous suffering
(Burford, 2017). Furthermore, in extreme outcomes it can be find out that children become
addicted to drugs and alcohol. The dependency of toxin is not at all recommended as it causes
weakness in a person's body also their mental health gets deteriorated. In addition to this,
domestic violence can be reason of headaches, physical pain and other similar types of physical
deficiencies. This could lead a family into depression causing immense loss and pain which is
unbearable. Furthermore, behavioural changes can be seen which can destroy lives of children.
Habits developed at this tender age can be there in a person for a long time even at later stages of
life. It is a disadvantage to society as other people get influenced which can contribute to many
social problems. There should be a strong legal system for dealing and controlling these cases of
domestic violence. There are should be strict laws and legislation so that every individual who
26

conduct such things get punished according to the laws as well as for those who are supporting
such acts. Furthermore, the government should conduct various seminars in order to increase
awareness among such issues which can prove helpful to them. This may create a positive
environment throughout the country as people will think twice before doing something like this.
In addition to this, NGOs have been incorporated in order to overcome and manage domestic
violence so that a positive environment can be created. This can be helpful in making life easy
for these children and also help them in keeping them away from traumatized incidents.
How can services and social workers be improved to help those children
According to the analysis, it has been analysed that it is essential for the professional
expertise and social workers to emphasise on conducting more training sessions in their
institutions as it helps them in enhancing the knowledge of individuals regarding the topic of
domestic violence. Along with this, they are also required to develop certain sessions for the
family members too in which they will get knowledge about some activities with the help of
which they can observe such misconduct at their home or neighbourhood. Social workers can
also indulge into tie up with some genuine investors who could support them in managing the
funding issues so that better treatment can be provided to those children who are affected by
domestic violence.
Role of professional and social worker in managing the impact of domestic violence among
children for smooth recovery
Professional and social worker play a very vital role in managing and controlling the
impact of domestic violence among small children and also assist them to recover them from
their past experiences. It has been figured out that professionals are one who can handle these
situations effectively and make children comfortable and relaxed so that their pain can be
reduced from their minds. Beside this, it is important for professionals to handle these situations
and find out what actually happened and take effective measures against child abuse
(Macdonald, 2016). Professionals mainly identify behaviour and attitude of victims and try to
figure out and understand what are actual reasons behind this situation. They are trained experts
having required skills and knowledge to tackle such situations of domestic violence. They make
efforts to solve the problem in best possible way and find an appropriate solution. Counselling is
one of their jobs which helps victims, especially children to come out of immense pain from
which they have gone through.
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It has been figured out that, professional provide special treatment according to their
client and level of abuse suffered by victim child. All professionals have a role to play in
protecting children and at same time supporting and safeguarding their wellbeing. There are
workers working in government agencies and provide such type of services free of cost. These
initiatives prove very helpful for those families who cannot afford to get these services. Workers
in all agencies must report all suspected cases of abuse to social workers without any delay using
local procedures. Social service workers and police have a lead role to play in coordinating and
undertaking any investigation or enquiries into possible abuse.
This type of treatment will help in supporting a victim child in having very quick and
effective recovery. Also, their treatments can be started early and other remaining issues can be
solved in a systematic way. Further, it is has been identified that there are some children's who
also suffer from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Here, most of children are still in their past
situations because of their mental state (Kimball, 2016). This acts as a big barrier in their process
of recovery. The main reason behind this is that children who face domestic abuse and violence
still live in their past and think just like their past, there present will be ruined because of their
family members or parents. Social workers should engage their children in playing indoor and
outdoor games. Along with this, they must be treated with patience and equal to others. This
must be done to create a balance for making their lives easy.
Adequate support from professionals and social workers can provide a lot of help to such
children who suffers because of domestic violence. This can help them in recovering and also
their efforts can reduce effects of domestic violence on them. Many professionals also have a
belief that their help for such victim children is not enough. Every worker should think from the
point of view of the affected child to have better understanding of the whole matter. Also, child
should be given ample amount of time to produce their real and honest side of the story, so that
professionals have reliable information. This can assist in determining whether child is engaged
in drugs or not. If the answer is yes then all such cases have to be deal in more delicate manner.
In such cases they feel that if support is provided by other members of family who have real
concern for their children. Then this will help them a lot in quick and effective recovery. As, in
this case there will be continuous support needed by victim child from family members.
Children's who are being suffered from domestic violences get affected from small things easily.
Therefore, in cases of domestic violence, it can result into huge impact. which can be reduced
28

with right amount of support and love from social workers, professionals or may be from other
related person of victim. For example: social workers in National Centre for Domestic Violence
(NCDV) give preference in analysing a patient by organising some productive sessions of
counselling for children.
There are various sessions conducted by health care professionals, where victims are
being questioned in detail so that everything will be clear and recorded. Such as who did this,
which member of their family supported this whole incident, was anyone there in child's support
when all this was happening, are they able to communicate with their friends etc. After these
sessions, an analysis is done on the basis of answers (Landsverk, 2017). This analysis is also
very helpful for professionals in understanding overall situation of victim child. Professionals
make children aware about various legal rights they possess. They also make efforts to teach
children various remedies, which can be used in exercised in such type of situations. Like for
example techniques of self-defence, informing their teachers in school, discussing it with their
friends, inform any family member whom they are able to trust etc. Furthermore, there may be
some situations where children can become emotional when they are questioned about their
current and past situations. If such situation arises then social workers should not force them to
continue speaking. It is a collaborated effort which should be carried on with co-ordination and
sympathy for victim child.
Major aim of these types of professionals is to make all the children enough confident so
that they can deal with such situation in an effective manner. For this children need to understand
their present situation completely (Abramovitz, 2017). After this, they have to make adequate
efforts, to communicate without any hesitation to whoever they feel comfortable with. These
efforts on part of social workers and professionals it will assist the victim children's in order to
deal with such situations. There is need to make sure that professional and social workers have
made adequate efforts for these victim children that now they are able to live a normal life like
other children of their age. The job of a social worker does not stop with resolving all matters of
domestic violence but this continues for a longer period of time. During this phase, there should
be strong monitoring of the acts and behaviour of affected children as well as their family
members in order to have better knowledge about their current situation. This can help social
workers make effective plans and to see whether further counselling or techniques are required to
be modified or there is any scope for betterment.
29

Implications of practice and services by social workers and professionals working with
children experiencing domestic violence
It has been identified that social workers and professionals have spent a lot of time in
gaining knowledge to deal with situations of child victims and reducing their suffering and pain.
Moreover, these practitioner’s emphasis on various basis and sessions which help them in
increasing their competence, so that they can guide children about domestic violence that
impacted them in various ways (Knudsen, 2016). According to the investigation, it has been said
that domestic violence is not a shameful thing and is required to discuss with friends and family
members so that effective solutions will be developed and awareness among individuals will be
increased. It has been analysed that social workers ask victim children to discuss actual situation
with people with whom they are comfortable with. Communication plays a very important role
and there must be a polite conversation with the individual suffering from pain because of
domestic violence. It should be from beginning that what went wrong, what is their present
situation and many other related questions can help a lot in analysing the overall condition of
child. Furthermore, past record should also be looked into, behaviour of wrong doer should be
analysed and verified with their neighbours, known ones, relatives etc. This can provide a lot of
details, which can be used in order to take legal actions and further counselling of victim child.
The child should make attempts to disclose their feelings openly with those who they feel will
understand them. Moreover, by adopting this method it will be easy to break down violence and
abuse cycle which is affecting them a lot in a negative manner. Another thing which has been
identified is that it is main responsibility of doctors, teachers, social workers, nurses and
professional trainers to keep an eye on their children in order to stop domestic violence and
abuse. The individual need to identify actual situations and also must make adequate attempts to
resolve such issues at their starting or initial stages, only then problem will be solved effectively
and properly. This will help victim children to be in a safe and comfortable zone in both internal
and external environments.
Moreover, by solving some issues which are faced by children on regular basis will help
this function to occur smoothly and will also increase their safety. On the other hand, it has also
been identified that doctors, nurses and other clinical professionals who are taking care of
children's need to report their condition in police station on a regular basis in some serious cases
(Adedokun, Adeyemi and Dauda, 2016). It is necessary that children should be made aware of
30

various facts and important aspect of whole situation. They must be made aware of what is
correct and what is wrong for them. Children should be taught and must be encouraged so that
they themselves become capable to deal with such issues. It is identified that many children are
forced to earn a living to run their houses and they face domestic violence for such issues. So, it
is necessary that they should communicate about such issues to professionals so that strict
actions can be taken. Government has also passed laws such as Child Abuse Preventions and
Treatment Act in 2019 in January. The main aim of passing this act was to make children safe
and secure from different types of violence. It has been observed by the researcher that domestic
violence highly affects the behaviour and attitude of children in negative way. So, it is advisable
to all parents and doctors that they must take care of such situations and handle it with care. This
act must be implemented throughout UK and every individual should be made aware about
serious consequences of not adhering to these laws. This can prove to be one of best ways to
prevent increasing number of domestic violence cases. Apart from this, proper training should be
given to workers for making improvements in their techniques and ways to handle such type
situations. The main reason behind is that they feel depression, aggression and in many cases
they also face lot of difficulties to interact with others. Hesitation is also very common which
these children face while communicating about such issues. So it is recommended that proper
medical care should be taken. Professionals must make attempts to treat victims in a way that
children will feel safe and secure in front of them.
RECOMMENDATION
By performing this investigation, it has been discovered that there are several types of
domestic violence which a child faces throughout his/her childhood or teenage that leaves some
negative influence on their mind which also affects their future practices. From this investigation
it has been identified that the number of domestic violence cases are increasing in UK which is
affecting career and future growth of children to a great extend (Macdonald, 2016). This is
because such kind of negative experiences faced by a child affects life in a way that it results into
depression, trauma or anxiety etc. This restrict their physical as well as mental development
which is crucial for a better life. Following are some recommendations that can be adopted by
the social practitioners in order to reduce the frequency of such crime within United Kingdom:
 Professional experts and social workers must focus towards performing activities like
meditation, yoga or other gaming activities in order to keep their patients or children's
31

mind free so that proper treatment can be provided and they are able to recover more
quickly. Despite of this, it is the duty of parents that they must educate their children
and support them in such adverse situation. When children's face any kind of violences
it is essential for them to take effective actions against any kind of domestic violence.
This will further contribute toward reducing overall crime rate in UK as more and more
people are getting involved in such practices.
 In order to reduce number of violent practices in UK, experts and social workers must
focus towards arranging various sessions for those children who are studying in schools
and colleges. This will help them to educate these children regarding some of violent
practises which a child can face. Also, various ways in which such situations can be dealt
should be discovered from this.
 Professional experts and social workers must also focus towards guiding these children
regarding ways through which they can escape from such situations and to whom they
can contact in cases of emergency. This means children must be made aware with
different types of social associations that they are there to support and take care of these
victims from domestic violence. They are made self-sufficient, so that they can help
themselves in dealing with such situations and people (Browne, 2019). Such kind of
actions taken by victims reduces overall negative impact of a particular situation which
helps in quick recovery from depression and other negative effects.
 For reducing such cases of domestic violence, professional experts and social workers
must focus towards educating their parents regarding type of behaviour with their
children. In addition to this, they must also be made aware regarding ways in which they
must treat their children. So that children are comfortable in sharing each and every thing
with their parents. This will make it easier for parents of such victim children to guide
them in right manner (Poocharoen and Ting, 2015).
These all are some recommendations that will help professional experts and social
workers to deal with increasing violence. Also, adequate guidance must be provided on
particular courses of action, which must be taken in order to reduce frequency of increasing
domestic violence among children.
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CONCLUSIONS
As per above conducted investigation, it can be summarized that domestic violence is
increasing day by day towards children which results in negative influence on their present and
future life. This type of domestic violence can be faced by children outside or inside their home,
in their family, this has a direct negative influence on their mind setup which affects their overall
development. There are number of domestic violence which have been discovered from this
investigation which includes emotional abuse, physical abuse, social abuse, spiritual abuse and
economic abuse. These abuses involve some actions like slapping, hitting, biting, shoving,
pulling hair etc. From this investigation it has been identified that domestic violence can differ
between boys and girls in terms of its behaviour. Among boy’s outcome of domestic violence
can be seen as they behave in an aggressive manner and are disobedient in front of others. This is
mainly seen in children who are above 10 years of age as they reflect same behaviour which they
have experienced at time of violence. They start doing same things over others.
It has been determined by the researcher, that the ratio of girls are more than boys who
are suffering from domestic violence. This as a result, create negative impact on their mind
which leads to depression among them. Reason behind it, they are not able to share their
emotions with others. Despite of this, girls get affected in a way that they start suffering from
eating disorder which affects their overall health negatively. Girls are more emotional as
compared to boys this makes them emotionally weak. They start finding a partner who is
experiencing similar situations so that they are able to relate with them. On further investigation
it has been founded by the researcher that children's who are suffering from traumatic stress
disorder face various issues in their day to day life. Apart from these other general outcomes of
domestic violence are nightmares, physical pain, flashback of old situations which disturbs mind,
leads to depression etc. this has short term impact on children because of domestic violence. The
department of education in UK mainly handles such kind of issues which are related to children.
They work hard to provide these children justice who are suffering from domestic violence. In
addition to this, three major types of divisions are made which are local authority, clinical
commissioning group and police. These departments provide statutory guidance, from various
policies and legislations to guide and monitor. They specially monitor these practices which are
performed in order to protect children from getting abused or suffer from domestic violence.
33

All these issues have long term impact on children. Such as, they get highly angry with
this and also start behaving in arrogant manner with time. It has been identified that there are
many people who get affected to such and extent that they are not being able to recover from
such incidents. They remain in a state of depression and suffer from anxiety while meeting
someone or performing a particular task. There are some individuals who are recovering from
such situations but on the other hand few peoples are not being able to do so. They join certain
NGO or charitable trust and their main work is saving people from violence, this ensures that
other people don't suffer from such type of behaviour. There are different types of social workers
who work as agencies and committees. Their main aim is saving children from domestic
violence in order to provide them a better life. These people are involved in providing several
types of treatments and counselling’s. These all help in taking out these children from trauma,
anxiety or depression which they are facing because of domestic violence.
I am glad that I got this opportunity to perform investigation over such a topic named as
“the impacts of domestic violence on children and implications for practice and services
provided by social workers and professionals”. This is one of most concerning issues, which is
emerging in United Kingdom and affecting negatively present as well as future of many children.
This is required to be controlled to provide children a better life. By performing this, I will be
able to enhance my knowledge regarding different types of domestic violence by which children
are going through. In addition to this it will also help in identifying about major consequences or
issues that children mainly face which affects their overall health, career and also future at same
time.
Apart from this, by performing this investigation I will be able to increase my
understanding regarding number of tools and techniques which can be used to gather, evaluate,
interpret and conclude all information in more effective manner. So that proper outcomes can be
drawn. Like, from this investigation I came to know that to present information in detailed
manner qualitative type of investigation will be of more use. Also, support it with required
concepts as well as theories that helps in validating information. In addition to this, I have also
learnt that for presenting qualitative information in an effective manner, inductive approach must
be used which focuses towards forming up new theories. This is done by testing it with present
available information in order to update existing data. This will help in presenting information in
a more effective and reliable manner.
34

My experience throughout this investigation was great, as while conducting this
investigation. I was not only able to enhance my knowledge in terms of research but I was also
able to develop my researching skills. Apart from all this, I faced several issues while performing
this investigation such as time provided for conducting this research was limited which did not
allow me to assess large number of sources to collect more data and information. Despite of all
this, I made best efforts to gather as much information as I could in order to make each and every
thing clear for readers regarding my investigation. In addition to this, I also made sure that all the
information which I am using is reliable and authentic. So, that only valid information is
presented to readers this will prevent them from misleading.
35

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