Corporate Social Responsibility Analysis

This assignment requires an in-depth analysis of corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices and their impact on business performance. It involves a critical examination of the literature on CSR, including its benefits and challenges for businesses. The assignment also includes case studies and research findings to support the analysis. Students are expected to provide a detailed discussion of the key concepts and theories related to CSR, as well as practical examples of how businesses can implement effective CSR strategies. The goal is to provide a comprehensive understanding of CSR and its role in advancing responsible business practices.

OF BUSINESS

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
PROJECT 1......................................................................................................................................1
Importance of motivated workforce with using two appropriate theories of motivation...........1
Discussion on the concept of motivation and how motivate employees as manager.................2
PROJECT 2......................................................................................................................................3
Brief summary of business and rationale of choice....................................................................3
How does company rank with regard to CSR.............................................................................4
Describe specific example of corporate actions that resulted in the company's ranking............4
Company approach to CSR influence on purchasing decision...................................................6
In the current business environment is CSR still relevant..........................................................8
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Motivation is the process in which efforts of a person energized, directed and sustained
towards goals and objectives. Each individual differ from motivational drive so that motivation
varies from situation to situation. There are several elements of motivation such as energy,
direction and persistence (Rey-Martí, Porcar and Mas-Tur, 2015). Present study based on Tesco
which is multinational retailer enterprise in UK. They deal in different kinds of products and
services that helps to increase productivity and profitability in systematic manner.
For gaining insight information of the present report, it covers importance of a motivated
workforce with using different theories of motivation. Furthermore, it includes summary of
business which selected in the study. Moreover, it contains CSR with compare its rank with
sources. At last, it helps to understand that current business environment of CSR is relevant for
the chosen organisation.
PROJECT 1
Importance of motivated workforce with using two appropriate theories of motivation
Motivation is important for individual and organisation as well. In order to accomplish
organisational goals, motivation is very effective that used to inspire and motivate staff members
in respective manner.
Importance of motivated workforce with using theories of motivation
Maslow's hierarchy model: Maslow's theory of hierarchy needs proposed on five needs
such as physiological, safety, social, esteem and self-actualisation. Physiological needs includes
requirements for human survival such as air, food, drink, shelter, clothing, etc. If these needs of
employees are not satisfied, human body cannot function optimally. Furthermore, safety needs
consider protection from several elements such as security, order, law, stability, freedom from
fear. After this, love and belongingness needs must be accomplish which fulfilled to maintain
interpersonal relationships to motivate behaviour (McLeod, 2018). For instance, friendship,
intimacy, trust, etc. At forth level, esteem needs accomplish which classified into two categories
such as dignity, achievement, mastery, etc. Another category include desire for reputation or
respect from others such as prestige and status. At last level, self-actualisation needs accomplish
which realising personal potential, self-fulfilment for seeking personal growth. All these levels of
needs important for motivated workforce to enhance productivity to increase production and
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productivity. Furthermore, it helps to utilisation of factor of production which is important to
work sincerely and performing for complex tasks (Machmud and Sidharta, 2016).
McGregor's theory of X and Y: This theory of McGregor's determines perception of
managers on nature of individuals that based on various assumptions. Assumption of theory of X
stated that average employee intrinsically does not like work. Hence, they try to escape it
whenever it is possible. Since employees not want to work so that punishment also giving
potential supervision which is required on part of managers. Many employees rank on job
security on top so that they are generally disliked responsibilities. They resist change and
average staff members required formal direction (Bastons, Mas and Rey, 2017). On the other
hand, as per assumption of theory Y it can be stated that employees can perceive their job as
relaxing and normal. They are providing more efforts to accomplish organisational objectives.
When job giving rewards and satisfying their employees, employees loyalty and commitment
successfully develop in the organisation. Average employees can easily learn about their
responsibilities. It is important for motivated workforce because it is best remedy for resistance
to change. Furthermore, it is also increases morale of workers which asserted to contribute
lowering turnover rate and absenteeism (Buckley and Carter, 2016).
Discussion on the concept of motivation and how motivate employees as manager
Motivation is an internal process that makes a person to move towards goal. In this
consideration, it can be stated that motivation defined as the process that initiates, guides and
maintain goal oriented behaviours (Akhmetshin, Morozov and Gubarkov, 2018). There are
several ways to motivate employees as manager. They are as follows:
Empower them: In order to motivate employees as manager in Tesco, it can be stated that
input of staff members and get appropriate suggestions improve effective performances. Most of
the employees have ideas to be more efficient and share more effectiveness with improvements.
In order to empower and motivate employees, each person need to take advice and implement it
in the enterprise. Each person need to give authority to make own decisions as manager so that
services for client develop at a certain point which require on prior approval.
Offer opportunities for advancement: Furthermore, it is essential to more motivated
employees with providing them several opportunities for advancement. Motivating employees
through offering then training gives skills to develop career performances in successful manner.
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Grooming young generation of people create better opportunities to build valuable reputation at
great place.
Provide incentives: Incentives also helps to encourage staff members as motivation
boosters. With the help of offering incentives, appreciation can be successfully develop so that it
assists to gain cash rewards from business operations. Motivation plays very important role to
keep the best employees. If employees are motivating as managers with providing incentives, it
helps to increase consistency and more experience as well (Machmud and Sidharta, 2016).
Employee turnover also reduce with providing incentives to all staff members.
Transparency in business goals and objectives: In order to be transparency, it can be
stated that at the highest level employees goals can be accomplish in systematic manner. With
this regard, big decisions are committed to direction that are taken by company in systematic
manner. It helps to sustain motivation and increase company loyalty as well. In Tesco,
transparency helps to attain targets and ascertained with desired level of results in systematic
manner (Rey-Martí, Porcar and Mas-Tur, 2015).
Prioritise work-life balance: It is one of the important consideration in which employees
can motivated with prioritise work-life balance. On smaller scale, motivator outcomes assists to
accomplish goals and objectives to encourage and take desired level of results. Increasing
productivity and overall happiness ascertained more focus on creating positive energy. With the
help of more targets and goals, it can be stated that confidence level of employees boost desired
results at workplace.
PROJECT 2
Brief summary of business and rationale of choice
Summary of business
Tesco is multinational retailer business of UK which provide different kinds of products
and services to deal with several customers worldwide. The chosen organisation expanding their
operations and functions across the world to accomplish purpose and create value for customers
to earn their lifetime loyalty (Aagaard, 2016). In all over the world, the chosen company has
3,739 stores which increasing multinational operating grocery in the country.
Rationale of choice
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Tesco operating in multinational brand so that they adopted effective CSR strategy within
the organisation. In order to ensure successful results, Tesco formed corporate social
responsibility in day to day activities within the business. In the present report, CSR in Tesco has
been undertaken to support local communities to empower employees and career progresses.
Furthermore, in the chosen business committee came into force and ascertained their
effectiveness for several responsibilities (Cohen, 2017). As a result, it assists to focus on
operations and functions which ensure that day to day activities of the enterprise successfully
develop that aligned with economic goals.
How does company rank with regard to CSR
CSR is currently highly topical in UK. With specialist business and government, informal
indicator of prominence indeed successfully. Tesco consider large areas of market to serve
qualitative products, non food areas, etc. Therefore, it has 4 rank from 5 because consumers are
becoming more concerned with ethics of supermarket. In UK, there are several supermarket
giants exists such as Tesco, Asda, Sainsbury and Morrison who control 75% of CSR activities in
grocery market (UK Supermarket CSR Reports: A Comparison Using Environmental and Social
Reporting Guidelines, 2018). With the help of different CSR activities, the selected business
have been made huge changes in nature of food sector as whole.
Recent movement also increases pressure on managers of grocery industry to
acknowledged responsibilities towards society and develop several benefits in society. Trends
are also leading in supermarket sector to gain competitive advantages. In UK supermarket began
to publish CSR reports so that they are socially responsible to reduce possible barriers (Spence,
2016). Supermarket are driving to increasing attention from different range of civil society
interests for growing dominance of food system. Importance of CSR continuously expanded with
its application in UK to recognition of responsibilities that shown in social factors.
Describe specific example of corporate actions that resulted in the company's ranking
In Tesco, every year board members of the enterprise determines CSR strategy within the
organisation. Therefore, in every quarter performances was reviewed successfully. Board and
executive receive updates on CSR performances which is using to assess future risks and
opportunities. Corporate Responsibility committee of the chosen business established in 2001
which is comprised to look upon Tesco goals and objectives. In report, it has been shown that
measure of achievement of CSR key performance indicators ensure that day to day activities
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successfully implemented to attain overall effectiveness (Grayson and Hodges, 2017). Hence,
corporate actions of committee resulted in company's ranking. CSR programs and initiatives of
Tesco developed and implemented for greater involvement of ethics related scandals.
There are certain example of corporate actions resultant in this company ranking: Reserve spilt: Reverse split implemented by Tesco which force up price of its shares. For
instance, shareholder owns 10 shares of stock valued at £1 so that its reverse split 10 for
each share. In order to resultant in ranking, the selected business using reverse split to
drive small investors (Hafenbrädl and Waeger, 2017). Hence, it assists to develop
effective ranking in term of CSR. Dividend: Tesco can issue dividends wither cash and stock. In the business, they paid at
specific periods such as quarterly or annually. It creates major impact on company's
ranking. Cash dividend is straight forward and stock dividend comes from distributable
equity in form of stock. CSR program in the chosen business develop continuously
because it helps to increase ranking of the company. Distribution of cash dividend stated
that investor of company has substantial retained earning from which shareholders can
directly benefit (Lim and Greenwood, 2017). With the help of retained capital, company
indicate expects with little trouble which replace in the future. Right issues: Right issue is one of the another corporate action which implementing to
offers additional or new shares to their current shareholders. Existing shareholders are
given right to purchase and receive shares before they offered to public. In Tesco, right
issue regularly takes place in the form of stock split. In any case, it indicates existing
shareholders that are being offered chance to take several advantages of a promising new
development to develop company's ranking (Lohmeyer and Jackson, 2018). Merger and acquisition: Merger occurs when two or more companies combine with one
and all parties are involved in agreeing to the terms. Usually one company surrenders
their stock to other. When company undertakes merger, shareholders welcome to it with
its expansion. Beside this, they consider shrinking, forcing to competition for growing so
that in Tesco it assists to rank company. In addition to this, acquisition consider strategy
which buys major stake of target company shares. Hence, in the chosen business
acquisition can be friendly or hostile (Williamson, Lynch-Wood and Dragneva-Lewers,
2017).
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 The Spin off: The Spin-off occurs when existing public company sells part of its assets or
distributes new shares to create them independent company. When, Tesco often with new
shares, they will offer with right issue to existing shareholders before they offer to new
investors. Spin-off could indicate in company ready to take a new challenge with
refocusing activities in main business. As a result, it resulting to bring top ranking of the
company with taking initiatives. It helps to increase more customers and distribute shares
in systematic manner (Schaltegger and Burritt, 2018).
Company approach to CSR influence on purchasing decision
In every year, board members of Tesco discussed CSR strategy of the enterprise. In each
quarter, performance of the business has been reviewed so that board and executives received
updates on CSR performances which is using for future risks and opportunities that are assessed
in business. In the company, Corporate Responsibility committee was established which
comprised across functional executives which look for matters of CSR in the chosen business.
Committee headed by director, group corporate affairs. This enterprise has been come out with
its first CSR report in 2001. Furthermore, the chosen business is steering wheel framework
which used to measure their achievement of CSR key performance indicators. It is formed part of
operations quadrant in responsible and safe segment. It helps to ensure effectiveness in day to
day activities of the organisation to attain overall goals and targets. Tesco firmly believed that
there are several policies harmful to the environment so that it never create right image of the
company. Hence, it would cause damage organisation and its customers at large consideration.
Environmental conservation is particular concern to Tesco as it was not aligned with economic
goals. On the other hand, company is also committed itself to maintain healthy environment
which assists to take active role in environment initiatives.
With respect to consider qualitative case study, it can be stated that in Tesco concept of
CSR identify to capture internal efforts and positioning retailer to attempt and achieve. Store
activities and external independent stakeholders mainly influence consumers. Furthermore, there
are several factors which influences from social network that is committed to prioritize CSR
aspects (Cohen, 2017). From the above analysis, it can be stated that CSR influence purchase
decision of customer because of following reasons: Environment: Tesco promote environmental issues with training package to create
awareness and allow company to maximise operational effectiveness initiatives.
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 Community: In different attempt, it can be stated that in the society Tesco operates to
maintain special support for children based community project and education
programmes. In respect to create peaceful environment, it is useful for purchase decision. Suppliers ethical trading: With respect to maintain high ethical standard in business
practices, the company said to be encouraging long term trade relationship with suppliers.
With centralised distribution system, transparency and accountability promote good
quality of range goods at competitive pricing (Akhmetshin, Morozov and Gubarkov,
2018). Customer choice and health: It assists to promote health of customers in management of
customer choices. Hence, Tesco consider it through following slogan of commitment and
promise good range of products and services. Hence, extensive product range develop
with offering price with innovative and leading new customer development.
 People/workers: Moreover, CSR approach influence purchase decisions to employees
that consider in given opportunities of carrier development programmes with training and
development program. With the help of effective communication, staff feedback, rewards
and benefits facilitate to motivate workers.
Following are different activities of CSR undertaken by the enterprise:
Category of CSR
activities
Tesco performances
Supporting with local
communities
Tesco donated 55 million which contain 3.96% of pre tax
profitability in charities and good. Furthermore, in total 37.9
million increases from staff members via customer fund.
Education and
empowerment workers
70% of employees stated that Tesco operating at a place where
77% managers and directors develop successful results for career
progress (Dudovskiy, 2018).
Human and labour rights Tesco is multinational chain retailer which consider commitment
of universal declaration with international labour organisation core
conventions.
Health and safety of
employees
In corporate actions, Tesco consider health and safety of
employees in retail and distribution at work which resulted for
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benefits of employees.
Gender equality and
minorities
Furthermore, corporate action determines percentage gap payment
among male and female staff members in UK. 23% members of
BOD and other 24% are senior managers, those are females.
In the current business environment is CSR still relevant
Yes, in current business environment CSR is still relevant because it has become one of
the standard business practices of our time. For the companies, overall aim can be successfully
achieved in positive manner within the society to maximise shared value for owners of the
enterprise, shareholders, stakeholders, etc. Furthermore, it is also important for the businesses
over the last several years (Hafenbrädl and Waeger, 2017). Whether it is empowering women,
helping environment or trying to reduce poverty. There are several businesses incorporate with
social responsibility into overall strategy. Social issue may be local, national and global. In
concern for health and wellness, there are many reasons due to which company engage with
social responsibility. Following are certain elements shows that CSR still relevant in current
business environment: Improving company's brand: Being a socially responsible, company must ensure that
brand of the organisation building effectiveness to cope up with shareholder confidence
in the company. With this regard, protecting positive image make financially profitable
but socially conscious. In current business environment it assists to being active in
community so that employees are engaged with potential customers in successful process. Engage customers: In order to building relationship with customers, it can be stated that
Tesco have social responsibility which impact on buying decisions of customers. There
are several customers willingly pay more attention to know portion of the profitability.
When company is active in local community, sales of the enterprise boost easily.
Therefore, building positive relationship with customers and communities lead to
increase sales and rising profits (Cohen, 2017).
 Retaining top talent: In current business environment, there are several employees want
to feel very energetic. As a result, social responsibility empowers with corporate
resources at their disposal to perform very good. In public corporations, employees
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number tend to take initiatives that resulting to be more active in systematic manner.
Being a successful part of strategy, greater and boost employee morale lead with greater
productivity in workforce. Knowing products and services helps to show relationship
with customers.
CONCLUSION
From the above report, it can be stated that motivation and CSR activities play important
role in every business success. In this regard, present report include theories of motivation and its
importance in motivated workforce with Maslow's and McGregor's theory of motivation.
Furthermore, it summarised about ways to motivate employees as managers. Moreover, it
included CSR in Tesco with its approaches that business implemented to attain overall goals and
objectives. In addition to this, it articulated about importance of CSR activities in current
business environment to regulate effective functions at workplace.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Aagaard, A., 2016. Sustainable business: Integrating CSR in business and functions. Stylus
Publishing, LLC.
Akhmetshin, E.M., Morozov, I.V. and Gubarkov, S.V., 2018. Motivation of personnel in an
innovative business climate. European Research Studies Journal. 21(1). pp.352-361.
Bastons, M., Mas, M. and Rey, C., 2017. Pro-stakeholders motivation: Uncovering a new source
of motivation for business companies. Journal of Management & Organization. 23(5).
pp.621-632.
Buckley, P.J. and Carter, M.J., 2016. Business Process Design: Motivation, Information.
International Business: Economics and Anthropology, Theory and Method. p.186.
Cohen, E., 2017. CSR for HR: A necessary partnership for advancing responsible business
practices. Routledge.
Grayson, D. and Hodges, A., 2017. Corporate social opportunity!: Seven steps to make
corporate social responsibility work for your business. Routledge.
Hafenbrädl, S. and Waeger, D., 2017. Ideology and the Micro-foundations of CSR: Why
Executives Believe in the Business Case for CSR and how this Affects their CSR
Engagements. Academy of Management Journal. 60(4). pp.1582-1606.
Lim, J.S. and Greenwood, C.A., 2017. Communicating corporate social responsibility (CSR):
Stakeholder responsiveness and engagement strategy to achieve CSR goals. Public
Relations Review. 43(4). pp.768-776.
Lohmeyer, N. and Jackson, G., 2018, July. The Business Case as New Vocabulary of Motive:
Discourse Coalitions around CSR in Germany, 1970-2014. In Academy of Management
Proceedings (Vol. 2018, No. 1, p. 14169). Briarcliff Manor, NY 10510: Academy of
Management.
Machmud, S. and Sidharta, I., 2016. Entrepreneurial Motivation and Business Performance of
SMEs in the SUCI Clothing Center, Bandung, Indonesia. DLSU Business & Economics
Review. 25(2).
Rey-Martí, A., Porcar, A.T. and Mas-Tur, A., 2015. Linking female entrepreneurs' motivation to
business survival. Journal of business research. 68(4). pp.810-814.
Schaltegger, S. and Burritt, R., 2018. Business cases and corporate engagement with
sustainability: Differentiating ethical motivations. Journal of Business Ethics. 147(2).
pp.241-259.
Spence, L.J., 2016. Small business social responsibility: Expanding core CSR theory. Business &
Society. 55(1). pp.23-55.
Williamson, D., Lynch-Wood, G. and Dragneva-Lewers, R., 2017. Exploring the regulatory
preconditions for business advantage in CSR. In Innovative CSR (pp. 37-61). Routledge.
Online
Dudovskiy, J., 2018. Tesco CSR Overview. [Online] Available through: <https://research-
methodology.net/tesco-csr-overview/>.
McLeod, S., 2018. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. [Online] Available through:
<https://www.simplypsychology.org/maslow.html>.
Tesco's Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives. 2018. [Online] Available through:
<http://www.icmrindia.org/casestudies/catalogue/Business%20Ethics/Business
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%20Ethics%20-%20Tesco%20Corporate%20Social%20Responsibility
%20Initiatives.htm>.
UK Supermarket CSR Reports: A Comparison Using Environmental and Social Reporting
Guidelines. 2018. [Online] Available through:
<https://www.fcrn.org.uk/sites/default/files/supermarket%20CSR%2007%20Holly
%20Waterman.pdf>.
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