The Conception of the Natural Crime of Rafael Garazo
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Added on 2020-03-16
The Conception of the Natural Crime of Rafael Garazo
Added on 2020-03-16
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Running head: CRIMINAL JUSTICE1CriminologyName:Institution:Date:
CRIMINAL JUSTICE2IntroductionDeviation as social behavior and delinquency as a constant phenomenon in society has been debated historically and its consequent social control. The conception of the natural crime of Rafael Garazo who in his book that gives the name to that nascent discipline "The Criminology" published in 1885, in which he commented referring to the dangerousness of the human being: Fear is the psychic, subjective activity, which progresses from a weakness to a lack of feelings of piety and probity, which makes it increase in degrees of danger and social maladjustment (Gerstenfeld, 2006). Theories of Social Control Surge towards the 1960s several theories of control, which attemptto explain crime on the basis of pressures (situations of conflict, poverty and social repression, inequality combined with inciters as attractive objects for crime, subcultures that reinforce the delinquent attitude, influence of the media that favor criminal behavior and individual impulses or frustrations. "Reckless called this incomplete discourse the theory of containment, for that the individual had elements or forces that contain people so that they donot commit crime: self-control ability, education, attachment to moral standards and the construction of a good self-concept. Other theorists such as Sykes and Matza elaborated the theory of neutralization and drift, given that most young people do not rejects frontally the conventional social norms, when transgressed they can resort to a series of mechanisms of neutralization or exculpation: they deny the responsibility, for not being able to do it better; deny the victim disqualifying it, appeal to undue loyalties, defense of the need for their conduct, defense of a value, denial of justice; the "world does it," etc (Healey, 2006).
CRIMINAL JUSTICE3The most widely spread and studied Theory of Social Control or Social Links of Travis Hirschi, formulated in 1969 in his book "Causes of Delinquency". After a field study on juvenile delinquency, based on information collected from the youth themselves, their parents, school and other people close to them, concludes that the genesis of criminal behavior would not be found in the acquisition of disvalor and criminal rules, but in non-existence - or rupture - with social ties that are contrary to delinquency: "Criminal actions occur when the attachment of individuals to society is weak or broken." Thus, Durkehim's postulates when he defined anomie as referring to "detachment from norms, loss of social solidarity, weakening of collective consciousness, moral convictions, then generates social disintegration"(Inciardi, 2010). Theory of Consensus If we collect the above, we will have a series of positions, tendencies or theories that start from the thesis that moral and legal normative integration would guarantee social harmony; that individual and collective attachment to moral foundations, values, principles and legal norms, is essential to maintain a coherence in the social fabric. The positive differential association according to Sutherlan; containment forces such as education and the internalization of values as Reckless's contention theory states, in order to form an adequate self-concept that would dissociate us from or depart from criminogenic factors as Hirschi put it well in his theory of social bonds. In such a way that society as projected by Durkehim must be amalgamated with moral values as the only dykes of contention that would alienate the social individual from criminal behavior (Merino, 2013).This is called Theory of Social Consensus, a discourse that is postulated as the union ofcriteria to establish the behaviors or behaviors conventionally accepted in the society, as well as the actions that must be criminalized. The social order is therefore based on consensus and the law represents the protection of the basic values of the whole national structure or system (status quo). Thus the State guarantees
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