Research Methods and Gambling Studies

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This assignment delves into the diverse research methodologies employed within the field of gambling studies. It examines a selection of academic papers that utilize different research approaches to investigate various aspects of gambling, such as its psychological effects, societal impact, and effectiveness of interventions. Students are expected to analyze these research methods and their contributions to our understanding of gambling phenomena.
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BUSINESS RESEARCH
METHODS
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
Background and Rationale...........................................................................................................1
Research Aim...............................................................................................................................1
Research Objectives.....................................................................................................................1
Research Questions......................................................................................................................2
LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................................................................2
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY...........................................................................4
Paradigm of Enquiry....................................................................................................................4
Methodology................................................................................................................................5
Data Collection Methods.............................................................................................................6
Data Analysis Procedures............................................................................................................6
Ethical Issues...............................................................................................................................7
TIME SCALE..................................................................................................................................7
Rationale and Plan B...................................................................................................................7
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10
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INTRODUCTION
In today’s scenario, gambling has become one of the biggest issues because of which
people are coming in trouble. Because of this; most of the people are losing control over their
time and money. Meanwhile, they are avoiding their other responsibilities with respect to their
family, friends and relatives. Many people who do gambling generally have mixed feelings as
these people are well aware with the fact that they are creating problems for the life of people
whom they love (Risks of Gambling, 2016). This is the reason; they become anxious and
unhappy and even sometimes, hate them. Gambling put a very adverse impact on families of
individual who do it. Along with that, gambling results in anxiety and depression for the
individuals doing it as well as it may also lead to suicidal risk. In the present report, in order to
understand various concepts and aspects related with gambling, there will be study made on
gambling effects on the particular segment, that is, lifestyle of youth of today’s world.
Background and Rationale
Major reason behind selection of the present topic that is, gambling effects on the
lifestyle of youth is that presently, gambling has become the practice which every next youngster
is doing only to earn a big amount of money. In UK, youngsters are growing in the society where
gambling is legal, accessible and widely supported. It is portrayed in the media to a high extent
in an inaccurate and exaggerated manner which is the main cause of encouraging them to
participate in these ethical practices (Eisenegger and et.al., 2010). In order to identify the way by
which increasing rate of youngsters who are doing gambling can be reduced, present report is
prepared. It is the responsibility of stakeholders to show the ill effects and odds of winning and
risks associated with gambling to the adolescents so that they would become aware about the
gambling related problems (Bergmark, Bergmark and Findahl, 2011). Thus, with the help of
present research, the effects of gambling on the lifestyle of youth of UK will be discussed.
Research Aim
The major aim of doing this research is to assess the effects of gambling on the lifestyle
of youth in United Kingdom.
Research Objectives
To evaluate the effects of gambling on the lifestyle of youth of UK.
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To identify the importance of making youth of UK aware with the risks associated with
gambling.
To recommend the ways by which increasing rate of youngsters doing gambling can be
reduced in UK.
Research Questions
1. What are the effects of gambling on the lifestyle of youth of UK?
2. Why making youth of UK aware with the risks associated with gambling is important?
3. How the increasing rate of youngsters doing gambling can be reduced in UK?
LITERATURE REVIEW
Literature review (LR) serves as one of the most important parts of a research as in this,
thorough secondary information related to the topic on which study is being made is collected
from different types of sources. In this, study made by various authors on the same subject is
analyzed and then the gap is identified which exists in between what has been studied and what
can further be investigated (El-Gohary, 2010). Along with that, critical evaluation is made on the
collected information through which a strong theoretical base of the topic of study is made. Here,
literature review will include secondary information based on the effects of gambling on the
lifestyle of youngsters in UK. It will highlight the studies being conducted till now that will
prove to be very effective for the researcher in gaining a deep insight of the topic.
According to Eisenegger and et.al., (2010), today, youth are the first generation to grow-
up in a society and getting highly impacted by the practices of gambling as for having high
amount of money with them, they are getting attracted towards unethical practices like betting
(Literature review of children and young people’s gambling, 2008). Major reason behind
increasing rate of adolescents of UK in gambling is that government has made it legal as it is an
easy way for them to earn revenues with giving minimum attention on the individuals and
society. In the words of Bergmark, Bergmark and Findahl, (2011), gambling is presented in a
positive aspect with making a few references to negative consequences. It is assumed to be a
socially rewarding practice which generates money for the economy.
However, as per the views of Back, Lee and Stinchfield, (2011), gambling involves
various kinds of risks by which youngsters are getting affected like money problems, emotional
issues and isolation, physical and mental health, adverse impact on children as well as physical
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and emotional abuse. Because of these risks, many youngsters in United Kingdom who are
indulged in these practices are facing issues of anxiety and depression. Along with that,
gambling has destroyed their families as they lost all their savings, property and belongingness.
It has made many people feel scared, angry and betrayed in United Kingdom. But, Ellison and
McFarland, (2011) says that within community of UK, gambling venues have become more
accessible and thus, the number of adolescents involved in it has also enhanced. These venues
are like arcades as well as the places where youngsters visit by taking it as a part of family
oriented entertainment area. As per the survey of last year, 4 to 8% of youngsters are having
serious gambling problem. On the other hand, 10 to 14% adolescents are at risk to develop a
serious gambling problem. They are having the opportunities to participate in lotteries, casino
gambling, bingo, raffles, internet gambling sites, sports betting, card games, etc which is spoiling
their life as well as the life of people associated with them.
According to Hodgins and et.al., (2010), lifestyle of youngsters get affected by gambling
in a way that they lose their interest in usual activities and feel depressed as well as down in the
dumps or irritated. Along with that, they get the issues like staying asleep or sleeping too much.
Apart from that, appetite of youngsters also changes along with losing or gaining too much
weight. For them, it becomes hard to think or to remember things as well as most of the time;
they feel guilty and cannot stop thinking about problems. This is the reason; they think about
suicide so as to get relaxed from all the issues. In today’s society of UK, for youngsters,
gambling has become a normalized occurrence. Youth of the present scenario is the first to be
exposed to get involved in the gambling opportunities.
However, as per the Lee and et.al., (2013) sports betting is the major practice of gambling
which is growing substantially and emerging as a significant factor which is attracting the youth,
especially the male adults. Sports’ betting is the only form of gambling in which number of
people indulged in it have been increased from the last decade and affecting the lifestyle of
youngsters of UK to a very high extent. Benson, Norman and Griffiths, (2012) suggests that in
between 76 to 91% of young people of United Kingdom have reported that they have gambled in
the lifetime in which 65 to 75% were of last year. Because of this, an emergence of public health
issue has been represented as there is prevalence rate of problem and pathological gambling
among the adolescents of UK. Along with that, if youngsters get involved in gambling in their
early stage then risk of developing gambling problems in life is increased.
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On the other hand, in the words of Bjerg, (2010) young people do not have a clear idea
about the consequences that may occur by indulging in gambling as they find trouble in
differentiating between the concepts of luck, fate, chance and probability. They generally use
these terms interchangeably as they do not have clear idea about that however, adults know about
the major differences in between these terms. In UK, youngsters are mainly involved in these
activities as they find them to be entertaining, to win money; it seems them to be thrill of the
game as well as to run from stress and problems of being poor.
According to Eisenegger and et.al., (2010), it is very important to make the youngsters of
UK aware with the ill effects and risks associated with gambling as they are the future of nation
and if they would spoil their life, economy would get adversely affected. For this purpose, the
regulatory authorities of UK have imposed The Gambling Act (2005) according to which
government has the responsibility for the regulation of betting and remote gambling. With the
help of this act, youngsters can be protected from being harmed and exploited by gambling.
Apart from that, a harm reduction strategy can be used by which the risks through which
youngsters can get affected can be reduced to a high extent. In addition to this, the potential
negative consequences of gambling can also be diminished.
Bergmark, Bergmark and Findahl, (2011) says that there is a need to evaluate the
effectiveness of preventative strategies that are developed in UK so as to assess the behavior of
youngsters who are indulged in gambling and thus, making initiatives to protect them against the
risks associated with it. Along with that, in order to protect youngsters against unethical practices
like gambling, parents are the one that can save their children from the consequences that they
can face if they would continue doing gambling. Thus, should give proper emphasis on the
activities of their children and if they get them indulged into it, parents should make appropriate
efforts to make them out of this world as it can completely destroy them.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
Paradigm of Enquiry
Paradigm of enquiry refers to the research philosophy which means a complete idea that
is inclusive of all the approaches which researcher implements in order to get the solution. It is
that pattern which helps the researcher in adopting the most appropriate methods by which
accurate results can be gained without getting deviated from the subject. Mainly two three kinds
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of philosophies are there, that is, positivism, realism and interpretevism. In order to understand
the effects of gambling on the lifestyle of youngsters of UK, interpretevism philosophy will used
by the researcher so that in depth knowledge about the topic can be gained. As the present study
is of qualitative nature, so there can be more number of explanations in relation with the effects
that gambling has on the life of adolescents of UK.
Methodology
Methodology refers to the systematic way in which various research methods are used by
the researcher in order to effectually perform the study so as to gain final outcomes. It is a
detailed framework that is implemented by the scholar in addition with the techniques of data
collection and analysis (Hassan, 2010). As per the aim and objectives of present study,
researcher will use the following methods:
Research approach
Research approach states about the way in which new information and knowledge with
regard to the topic of study, that is, assessing the effects of gambling on the lifestyle of
youngsters of UK, is produced. It helps in increasing the level of understanding of topic so that
appropriate results can be made. Mainly two types of research approaches are there, that is,
inductive and deductive (Easterby-Smith, Thorpe and Jackson, 2008). In the present research,
deductive approach will be used in which general information will be collected on the subject
and then specific information will be gained so as to make the final outcome.
Research design
It is another important concept in the research methodology which serves as a blueprint
of all the activities that are required to be undertaken by the researcher. It is a framework within
which the entire study is conducted with adopting the most suitable methods of collection of data
and making analysis of that information. Generally, three research designs are there that are
mainly used by the researchers (Jackson, 2010). These are causal, descriptive and exploratory.
Descriptive research design will be used for the present study in order to assess the effects of
gambling on the lifestyle of youngsters in UK. It would prove toe b highly helpful for the
researcher in order to have detailed understanding about a particular population that will be
selected in order to assess the specific problem and finding appropriate solution for that. Thus,
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with the help of this, researcher will be able to about the ill effects and risks associated with the
gambling that can spoil the life of adolescents in UK.
Research type
Every investigation is required to be performed either by qualitative or quantitative
research. As the topic of present research is assessing the effects of gambling on the lifestyle of
youngsters living in UK, qualitative research will be used. It is because; here, there is no need of
using any kind of numerical data to gain the results and solution of the issue. The study is
thoroughly based on theoretical aspects (Johnson and Christensen, 2010). Apart from that,
present study will consider the sharpening and increasing the understanding of notional factors of
the research, that is, effects of gambling owing to lifestyle of youngsters.
Data Collection Methods
It is one of the most critical sections of study as entire research is dependent on the data
accumulated based on methods that are adopted by the researcher in order to gather information.
There are two kinds of methods by which information can be collected, that is, primary and
secondary. As the topic is to assess the effects of gambling on the youngsters of UK, information
will be collected from secondary sources as the topic is not new and many past researches have
already been made on the same topic (Khalid, 2009). Thus, with the help of secondary sources
like books of various authors, journals of different scholars and various online published articles,
researcher will collect the information to make appropriate results after analyzing it. These
sources will help in making researcher able to have in plenty of information regarding the subject
of study so as to reach at final results.
Data Analysis Procedures
Data analysis refers to the process by which collected information is analyzed in a way
that accurate and reliable results can be made. Mainly, there are two ways by which data can be
analyzed. These methods are qualitative and quantitative procedures. As the present topic of
study is completely theoretical, qualitative method will be used for analyzing the collected data.
In this, tool of thematic analysis will be used under which various themes will be made prepared
by the scholar in order to generalize the information being gathered (Flick, 2011). With the help
of this tool, proper emphasis can be given on all the patterns in research that will be examined
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and recorded by the researcher. Themes are those patterns across the data that will be essential
for describing the effects of gambling on the lifestyle of youngsters living in UK.
Ethical Issues
There are always some ethical considerations that researcher needs to keep in mind while
performing research. These are like when scholar is accessing the data, he is required to take
information only from the authentic websites. Only then, the reliability of data collected for the
topic can be ensured. However, it may be possible that some of sites would not allow to access,
in that situation, special permission is required to be taken so that required data can be gathered
in order to make final conclusion (Miller and et. al., 2012). Apart from that, it is the
responsibility of researcher to properly cite the authors and scholars on the studies of whom,
present investigation will be made to show the authenticity of collected data. In addition to this,
researcher is needed to properly rephrase the collected information in order to show outcomes in
his own words and no copy and paste of data is allowed (Dyer and Nobeoka, 2000). Also,
principles of beneficence should be followed by the investigator according to which he is
required to follow the morale obligations while carrying out research.
TIME SCALE
Rationale and Plan B
Reason behind preparing the time scale, that is, Gantt chart is that it shows the time limit
within which each activity will be completed with showing their start and finish time. It serves as
a kind of summary elements of the whole project the illustrating the beginning and the end dates
of the terminal elements (Fiegen, 2010). Rationale behind preparation of Gantt chart is to
accomplish the set targets of research within stipulated time period in a manner it is desired.
Also, through this, researcher will have some time to make further modification if any required.
Table 1: Gantt chart for the implementation of research plan
ACTIVITY/WEEK 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Making research proposal
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Setting research aim and
objectives
Doing literature review
Deciding methodology of
research
Gathering data
Analyzing the collected
information
Evaluating and making
interpretation of results and
findings
Formulating conclusion and
giving recommendations
Submitting the draft
Doing modifications as per
required
Final submission
Apart from this time scale, a “Plan B” is also prepared for the situation if the above
presented plan would not work. It is because; it may be possible that while collecting data as per
the above stated plan, accurate and reliable results would not be found as in this, information
based on past research made by other scholars on the same subject is included which might not
provide results as per the present scenario (Ellison and McFarland, 2011). Thus, in this situation,
Plan B will be implemented in which tool of survey will be used to gather the reliable data by
asking questions from college going students in UK in between the age of 18 to 28 years along
with their professors.
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CONCLUSION
From the above research proposal, it can be concluded that the entire collected
information from various secondary sources is accurate and reliable as it is taken from authentic
websites. All the research methods that investigator will use in order to assess the effects of
gambling on the lifestyle of youngsters are in accordance with the nature of study and thus, offer
accurate results. Along with that, tool that is selected for analyzing the gathered information so
that final outcomes can be gained is thematic analysis (Bjerg, 2010). It would play a significant
role in providing appropriate results to researcher on the basis of which recommendations will be
given. Overall, the study will help in making people aware with the ill effects and risks
associated with gambling so as to reduce the increasing rate of youngsters indulged in these
practices.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Back, K. J., Lee, C. K. and Stinchfield, R., 2011. Gambling motivation and passion: A
comparison study of recreational and pathological gamblers.Journal of Gambling
Studies. 27(3). pp.355-370.
Benson, L.A., Norman, C. and Griffiths, M. D., 2012. The role of impulsivity, sensation seeking,
coping, and year of study in student gambling: A pilot study. International Journal of
Mental Health and Addiction. 10(4). pp.461-473.
Bergmark, K. H., Bergmark, A. and Findahl, O., 2011. Extensive Internet Involvement—
Addiction or Emerging Lifestyle?. International journal of environmental research and
public health. 8(12). pp.4488-4501.
Bjerg, O., 2010. Problem gambling in poker: Money, rationality and control in a skill-based
social game. International Gambling Studies. 10(3). pp.239-254.
Dyer, J. and Nobeoka, K., 2000. Creating and Managing a High Performance Knowledge
Sharing Network: The Toyota Case. Strategic Management Journal. 21(3).pp. 345-367.
Easterby-Smith, M., Thorpe, R. and Jackson, P. R., 2008. Management research. London: SAGE
Eisenegger, C., Knoch, D., Ebstein, R. P., Gianotti, L. R., Sándor, P. S. and Fehr, E., 2010.
Dopamine receptor D4 polymorphism predicts the effect of L-DOPA on gambling
behavior. Biological psychiatry. 67(8). pp.702-706.
El-Gohary, H., 2010. E-Marketing - A Literature Review from A Small Businesses Perspective.
International Journal of Business and Social Science. 1(1). pp. 214.
Ellison, C. G. and McFarland, M. J., 2011. Religion and Gambling Among US Adults: Exploring
the Role of Traditions, Beliefs, Practices, and Networks*. Journal for the Scientific Study
of Religion. 50(1). pp.82-102.
Fiegen, M. A., 2010. Systematic review of research methods: the case of business instruction.
Reference Services Review. 38(3). pp.385–397.
Flick, U., 2011. Introducing Research Methodology: A Beginner's Guide to Doing a Research
Project. SAGE.
Hassan, A., 2010. Linking quality assurance to human resource management: a study of SMEs in
Malaysia. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management. 27(6). pp. 641–
657.
Hodgins, D. C., Schopflocher, D. P., el-Guebaly, N., Casey, D. M., Smith, G. J., Williams, R. J.
and Wood, R. T., 2010. The association between childhood maltreatment and gambling
problems in a community sample of adult men and women. Psychology of Addictive
Behaviors. 24(3). p.548.
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Jackson, S., 2010. Research Methods: A Modular Approach. USA: Cengage Learning.
Khalid, A. N. S., 2009. Reflexivity in Qualitative Accounting Research. Journal of Financial
Reporting and Accounting. 7(2). pp.81–95.
Lee, C. K., Back, K. J., Hodgins, D. C. and Lee, T. K., 2013. Examining antecedents and
consequences of gambling passion: the case of gambling on horse races. Psychiatry
investigation. 10(4). pp.365-372.
Lemeshow, S. and Levy, P.S., 2011. Sampling of Populations: Methods and Applications. 4th ed.
John Wiley & Sons.
Miller, T. and et. al., 2012. Ethics in Qualitative Research. SAGE.
Online
Literature review of children and young people’s gambling. 2008. [Online]. Available through:
<http://www.gamblingcommission.gov.uk/pdf/Literature%20review%20of%20children
%20and%20young%20peoples%20gambling%20-%20Sept%202008.pdf>. [Accessed on
1st May 2016].
Risks of Gambling. 2016. [Online]. Available through: <http://aquarius.org.uk/gambling/risk-
and-harms/risks-of-gambling/>. [Accessed on 1st May 2016].
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