Conclusion and Contribution in Pharmaceutical Supply Chain

This research implies the importance of effective supply chain strategies in the pharmaceutical industry to enhance efficiency and effectiveness in healthcare systems. It discusses the implications and concluding remarks, theoretical implications, and practical implications of supply chain management in the pharmaceutical industry.

Conclusion
Chapter

Table of Contents
Chapter 8: Conclusion and Contribution ........................................................................................3
Introduction to Chapter...........................................................................................................3
Implications and concluding remarks.....................................................................................4
Theoretical implications.........................................................................................................7
Practical implications...........................................................................................................14
Recommendations and future research directions................................................................22
Limitations............................................................................................................................24
Summary of the chapter........................................................................................................26

Chapter 8: Conclusion and Contribution
Introduction to Chapter
This research implies that strategies to supply the pharmaceutical products are very
important to enhance efficient and effectiveness of healthcare system in different countries. It has
been identified that appropriate manufacturing and operations is significant in pharmaceutical
companies to supply products on time in desired quality for hospitals. However, it consist the
fact that availability of required medications, antibiotics and injections are very important in
healthcare organisations for delivering better care services for welfare of people. Meanwhile,
supply chain plays an important role which should be focussed by pharmaceutical industry which
is observed the become favourable to increase effectiveness of healthcare system of the nation.
In addition to this, effective supply chain strategies are required to established by companies
manufacturing various kinds of medicines to supply them in market according to the demands of
people. It is very important for them to make availability of medications because they efforts are
responsible for saving someone's life.
Conclusion which can be derived from the investigation that it is important to implement
effective supply chain strategies to make appropriate availability of medicines in market. It has
been determined that effective supply of medications are suitable to enhance clinical outcomes. It
includes the study which has been taken in to consideration on influence of supply network
strategies and knowledge sharing on innovation and supply chain competence in pharmaceutical

industries. The supply network is pattern of the spatial and temporary processes which carried
out facility nodes as well as distribution links which add some value for consumers by
production and products delivery. In addition to this, it consist the discussion about impact of
supply chain strategies and the knowledge sharing on supply chain and innovation in
pharmaceutical industries. The aim and objectives has been developed related to specific subject
area.
Considering the carried out research, it has been summarised that the supply chain should
be establish as an effective network of people, company, technology and resources in
pharmaceutical companies. This consists make improvement in activities of business to provide
final goods to market in an effective manner. It has been discussed that the supply chain helps in
develop customer loyalty. This mitigates costs through minimizing operational expenses and
resulting company in gaining financial advantages. The supply chain has been taken in to
consideration on the pharmaceutical industry. It searches, develops, produces and also markets
the drugs for use as the medications to be properly administered to patents to cure them, alleviate
symptoms.
This investigation implies that effective theoretical concept should be utilised by
pharmaceutical organisation to improve their manufacturing as well as supply of product in
healthcare institutions. It has been evaluated that theoretical implication should be considered by
every company in pharmaceutical industry which facilitate to improve effectiveness of their
services in market. Basically, one of the effective idea to use network theory which can be
described as a representation of either symmetric relations between discrete objects or tasks. It
has been identified that supply chain strategies, strategic alignment, Integration for New Product
Development, Innovation, Network theory and Knowledge-Based View Theory are important to
enhance supply chain management. On the basis of Network theory that relationship among
organisations located in similar supply chain. It develop overview of most necessary
contributions which can used through managers as well as purchasers which interested in area of
supply chain network. It has been analysed that network theory is unable to state that when
organisations can purchase from the other with them. On the other hand, Knowledge-Based
View Theory stated an extension of the resource- based view of company as this is adequate with
exiting economic context. It is plausible approach to understand the competitive dynamic hence
developing proper analysis of an entity weaknesses and strengths.

Implications and concluding remarks
This investigation implies that several theoretical and practical implications which are
summarised here. Initially, it is necessary to carry out more research in context of supply chain
network in pharmaceutical industry to understand the same effectively. It is favourable to
understand the causes behind ineffectiveness of supply chain due to which appropriate efforts
can be applied to enhance supply of product to healthcare organisations for improving their
efficiencies. It is a very precious contribution to pharmaceutical as well as health industry in
terms of increasing patient outcomes along with boosting up health status of entire population of
the country.
Conclusion which can be derived from this investigation includes the theoretical
implication of create an original conceptual model of an organisation. It will be specific and
according to the specified desires of particular pharmaceutical company. However, it is
beneficial for them to maintain their unique standards as well as enhance their supply in market
in terms of completing demands of people to become well-being.
The given study implies that it is main of healthcare system and comprise of institutions
which licensed to conduct the research and supply the drugs to end user. It can be concluded that
value of pharmaceutical market in UAE is projected to reach around the 3.7 billion USD by
2020. In context to this, healthcare industry is regulated strictly at Federal and the Emirate level.
Supply chain of pharmaceutical sector is same to that other industry in manufacturing sector. It
has two drug distribution channels like OTC and prescription. It has been discussed that in
pharmaceutical industry, supply chain helps in use of the resources, enhance shareholder value,
earn high profit level etc.
Conclusion can be derived from the research that different supply chain strategies such as
Strategic Alignment and Integration for New Product Development are suitable to improve
supply chain efficiency. The pharmaceutical companies can take benefits of knowledge that
available in supply chain network that helps in increase innovation and the Supply chain
competencies. It has been studied that the pharmaceutical industry act with an integrity, comply
with pharmaceutical drug production laws and respect human rights in order to prevent causing
the harm to customers of goods. However, it has been determined that the different challenges in
pharmaceutical industry such as temperature control, product damage, human resource
dependency, research and development, production time and others are required to be overcome.

These all factors develop negative impact on pharmaceutical industry. The difference between
supply chain and supply network has been discussed on the basis of definition, purpose, benefits,
size, resource utilization etc. in a detailed manner.
Thirdly, the theoretical implication of moderating effects of knowledge sharing have
rarely been evaluated. It has been summarised that sharing of ideas in relation of effective
strategies for improving efficiency of supply chain of organisation can be considered as
beneficial regarding improvements. However, it is observed that employees can share their ideas
and thought for establishing more effective as well as efficient strategies for improving the
outcomes of supply chain which facilitate to increase strength of healthcare system.
In addition to this, it has been summarised that improvement of exciting model should be
done by focus on the role of innovation in the supply chain to improve relevant efficiency. It is
necessary to consider modifications in exciting model that concentrate in innovative aspects
which favourable to boost up effectiveness of supply chain. However, it is suitable to boost up
the supply chain in pharmaceutical industry in order to provide medicinal product in marketing
to fulfil medical desires of people for their well-being.
Conclusion which can be derived from the study that consist practical implications are
required to be consider for preparing effective supply chain strategies in pharmaceutical
companies. Firstly, it includes to highlight if supply network strategies have any role to play in
promoting innovation in pharmaceutical producer's. It has been summarized that effective
practices are helpful to manage flow of good and services in terms of manufacturing and
supplying at different locations to deliver it for end consumer.
This research implies about second practical implication to determine the current status of
the innovation deployment in the pharmaceutical manufacturer's. It is required for employees and
other management authorities to focus on status innovation deployment to make brand different
from others along with providing better medicinal facilities and product for desire care homes.
However, they can contribute more effectively towards health of people in different nations and
enhance their goodwill in market by adopting new technique of applying innovative ideas as
compared to current status of it.
Considering this investigation, the third practical implication is generating evidence as to
whether the current supply network strategies are reliable indicators for successful supply chain
competence in pharmaceutical producer's. It is observed that efficient and innovative strategies

are helpful to perform specific task in an organisation with proper efforts in correct way.
However, it will facilitate to make brand technique and procedures different them product
become unique as well as more effective for wellness of patients medical condition. They can
deliver medicines and injections on time with required quantity in healthcare organisation for
making people healthy.
This study implies final practice implication which is to offer suggestions for effective
strategies that can be adopted to make sure innovation deployment and competency in the supply
chain of pharmaceutical industry. It has been concluded that management of pharmacy company
should ask for suggestions to employees in terms of gaining number of alternative choices for
making appropriate supply chain strategies. Meanwhile, it is favourable to gain may choices in
which best one or two should be selected and staff is much capable to provide accurate
recommendations because they work on them. They are able to improve the supply chain by
reducing current threats and using present strengths of current strategies or procedures as they
are very much aware of the same.
Theoretical implications
Increased research on the supply chain network in pharmaceutical industry.
This investigation implies that it is essential to conduct more researches on the supply
Chain network in terms of analysing more accurate information about relevant threats. It is
helpful to remove weakness of current supply chain fort eliminating them which facilitate to
increase relevant outcomes in Pharmaceutical industry.
This research primarily focuses on supply chain management in pharmaceutical
industries, which manages the process of flow of services from getting raw material to making
products out of it efficiently while handling the manufacturing and marketing at different level.
Supply chain is the interconnected multi network of a group of individuals, industries, resources,
manufacturing, functions, activities, process and technology involved in developing and selling
the desired product. Supply chain covers all the related process required from bringing the
material from the source to supplying the raw material to to manufacturers so as to eventually
delivering the goods like medicines to the customer. Such segment of supply chain develops a
distribution channel which involve delivering the finished goods from supplier to the valued
customers. The main motto is to enhance the satisfaction level of customer's value and achieve a
reputable position in market. Supply chain management focusses on well planning,

implementation, observation and control of all the occurring activities in supply chain with the
aim of building synchronised supply and balancing the performance widely and globally.
Contemporary research in supply chain management in any domain is about risk management
and sustainability.
Considering the study which has been carried out, it is pretty much clear that pharmacy in
supply chain management is a very stimulating and challenging industry. The industries should
be capable enough to provide right quality and quantity to the correct customers at the given time
frame work and with balanced cost to meet the aim and objective of health system. The research
should benefit the stakeholders, industry and health care system at various level, together with
creating a impact on the productivity and efficiency of pharmaceutical industries. The challenges
and issues which are raised during the manufacturing and delivering of pharmaceuticals should
be resolved and extensive research should be carried out to overcome the problems faced during
whole process. Increased research will help in keeping up the demand of the customer without
sacrificing the quality and speed.
Conclusions regarding the issues faced in pharmaceutical industries which can be derived
from the research can be resolved by advance technology and research to improve the health care
system and the working of pharmaceutical industries. Temperature control is one of the
challenge faced during storing and transportation of drugs. Research should be conducted on the
chemicals and compounds which make the drug temperature sensitive and some modifications
should be done in their nature to make them temperature resistant. Prior research should be done
on the maintenance and shelf life of medicine to make it more ubiquitous and effective. The aim
and objectives has been developed related to specific subject area.
The chief research according to the challenges faced by pharmaceutical industries should
be conducted in the research and development sector because this is the main key which hold the
pharmaceutical industry base. Research and development involves the high scientific knowledge
and skilled workers to achieve advances in the development of the medicines. More research
should be conducted on the composition of medicines to make it more and more effective for
combating the human system. The compounds used in the medicines should be highly tested and
the diseases for which the medicine is being prepared should be analysed thoroughly. All the
factors, sources and causes of disease should be researched extensively so that a powerful

medicine can be made to attack the causal micro organism in such a way that its infection period
becomes less effected to human body. High, fast and efficient innovation in the research and
development area make the medicine more compatible and effective. Deep research should be
done on the drug delivery system because many medicines trial gets fail as they are not
compatible with the human system ans adversely react with the functioning of body. Increased
research on the drug delivery system, their compatibility with human body and the effects of
medicines has to be observed on model animals to overcome and defeat the new harmful
microbes and the new diseases caused by them, so that an effective medicine and treatment can
be made to cure the disease by successful research.
From the above study it can also be concluded that more research should be conducted on
the manufacturing level so that the medicines are being produced at the end of process is made
quickly and efficiently. Better technologies and advance software should be used to lower the
operation of cost and high ended medicine can be obtained by highly sensitive machines. Thus,
innovative research should be passaged in such levels to increase the productivity of industry and
improving the heath care sector.
Create an original conceptual model.
This research implies that supply chain plays an important part for the success of an
industry. Supply chain is necessary for industries in order to increase competitiveness and
satisfaction of customers. The supply chain of pharma industries is similar to any other industries
in a manufacturing sector. However, unlike other manufacturing industries, supply chain of a
pharmaceutical industry is a critical process as it effects millions of individuals health. Hence,
manufacturers are very strict in order to ensure the quality and safety of drug at each level of
chain. Pharmaceutical companies use certified suppliers for their raw materials. There are
separate warehouses for these industries for keeping their raw materials. Pharma industries
mostly emphasise on supply chain management in order to deliver their medicines and drugs.
Conclusion which can be derived from this investigation that goal of a pharma industry is
to develop drugs which prevent infections, diseases, and maintain heath of individuals as it is
impacting overall population health. Pharmaceutical supply chain is a process where medicines
are manufactures,shipped and pass to the end user. However, the competition in the market is
effecting these industries to participate in market race. Pharmaceutical supply chain is including
a number of health regulatory authorities, research organisation, clinics, governmental units,

hospitals, pharmacy etc. Pharmaceutical industries should build a conceptual model for them in
order to deliver best and unique services. Stakeholders of the industry should develop basic
strategies and should come up with innovative concepts for enhancing their supply chain. This
will help them to develop positive outcomes and increase their productivity. As pharma
industries are impacting life of individuals, it should come up with creative ideas and plans to
improve their supply chains. Pharmaceutical supply chains should use technology interventions
in their manufacturing operations and should build patient-centric delivery models. The
conceptual models of the industry should overcome their traditional methods of supply chain and
should develop strategies to deal with coming requirements like higher drug product
specialisation, better delivery of products by including digital information and communication
technologies. There must be advancement of innovative technologies interference like
continuous manufacturing which helps in to achieve better responses. Such approaches in the
pharmaceutical supply chain will improve their current operations.
Moreover, the pharmaceutical supply chains are focusing on managing knowledge which
can be use for product development stages. Th supply chain process of pharma industries should
emphasise on handling procedures and working operations of the industry. There should be
proper procedures for management of pharma industries as it includes life-death situations of
individuals and it requires the involvement of various partners like hospitals, clinic, non-
governmental agencies and so on. Supply chain management of a pharma industry should be in
a way to generate the value for its stakeholders and end-users. Pharmaceutical supply chain is a
social technical system which is importantly design for alignment of firms to promote improved
health status by the means of medications and drugs.
Considering the carried out study it can be concluded that supply chain management and
creating innovations and creativity in the chain is must as it directly impacts the health related
concerns of individuals. Therefore, appropriate measures and policies should be made by
stakeholders of the industry. They should develop alternative solution in case of any supply
chain disruptions. They should develop measures in advance to tackle with future risks and
errors. Pharmaceutical supply chain should should include drug research and development,
manufacturing and distributing pharma products in different healthcare services to improve the
effective functioning of chain. They should build strategies to control their product distribution
to analyse different supply channels. It will help them to protect patients from receiving defect

products which can be manufactured during repackaging and relabelling of products. Pharma
industries distribute their products to wholesalers and thus, these wholesalers deliver their
products to doctors, hospitals and other pharmacy after their proper screening and quality check.
There should be considerable amount of resource supply for running a pharma company. The
relationships between suppliers and organisations should be maintained in order to ensure the
product stability and its safety.
Thus, conclusion can be drawn that pharmaceutical industries should utilize supply chain
management to improve overall performance of the industry. They can include methods for
knowledge sharing, build methods for innovative product formation, and should focus on sharing
knowledge across various nodes of actions. Building conceptual model for their supply chain
will help the industry to deliver products in a better way and build a strong brand image which
helps to keep the organisation in the mind of potential customers.
The moderating effects of knowledge sharing have rarely been evaluated.
Conclusion which can be derived from this study is that to run a business in
pharmaceutical sector, it is important for the organisation to share effective knowledge within
different levels of supply chain. Knowledge is one of the significant resource of organisation to
improve their overall supply chain performance. It will enhance organisational operational
management and help them to grow. It helps in building a healthy relation between buyer and
supplier. In a pharma industry, knowledge sharing is must as it brings different concepts and
innovative methods for delivering safe and quality products to health related issues. In supply
chain of pharmaceutical industry, there are two types of knowledge which is technical exchange
and technology transfer.
This research implies that knowledge sharing with vendors or suppliers will help the
pharmaceutical industry to improve the product quality and process of risk management as it will
be shared through supply chain. Knowledge sharing will help in to build strategies which will
enhance the output of the process and will increase the productivity of pharmaceutical industry.
Sharing opinions and effective knowledge between different levels of supply network will help
the industry to achieve success in market and enhance their profitability. It will assist the
decision making process for improving different manufacturing and distributing operations of the
industry. Implementation of collective knowledge to the industry will be beneficial for them as
well as its different stakeholders. Manufacturing process are forced to develop a closer

relationship with their customers and suppliers, thus it will also need effective knowledge to be
share among individuals. Thus, knowledge sharing is effective for the pharma industry to
achieve success and to facilitate decision making capabilities to bring cultural change in the
industry. Once, an individual has develop a effective solution to a problem or an issue and if it
turns to be best solution so far, it will help other employees to use it in the coming situations in
future. Thus, managing knowledge within in the supply network of industry will save a lot of
time and helps in to reduce budget. It will improve communication between different level of
networks.
Considering the carried out study, it can be stated that pharmaceutical supply chain is a
concept of medical industry in which drugs and medicines are manufactured, shipped and then
pass to the end users. The overall supply chain will effect the heath of postulation as it deals with
pharma sector. The primary concern of Pharmaceutical supply chain is its knowledge
management which can be used to improve the product development phases. The effective
information from research and development area of supply chain is passed to the other
stakeholders also. It will help the workforce of supply chain to keep essential knowledge about
their operations and workings. It will stimulate the growth and development of the organisation
and increase revenue. The knowledge sharing in supply chain process will add value to the end
product and help them to attract large number of customer. This process will help the industry to
build a strong brand image as several innovative techniques and concepts are being shared and
implementing within levels of supply network. The employees of the industry should develop
critical thinking in order to be applied on organisational operations. It will deal with the life-
death situations of an individual. Companies who determine their widespread expertise are
appreciated by customers. Thus, these expertise will build different strategies and plans in order
to differentiate their company from their competitors. Sharing knowledge will reduce the amount
of time which is use to deliver a product which leads to increase proficiency and customer
satisfaction. Employees will gain access to valuable information through sharing knowledge and
will deliver better results regarding growth and development.
Conclusion can be drawn that through knowledge sharing in supply chain of
pharmaceutical industries can catch exact and accurate knowledge between different levels of
the industry and reduce the chances of their loss. It helps in to improve performance of both
industry and its stakeholders. It is a way to make expertise available to entire industry.

Innovative tools and techniques are being using in the industry to enhance the productivity and
create positive environment. Using knowledge sharing again and again allows decisions of the
industry to be based on actual experiences of the suppliers and buyers. Therefore, managing
knowledge will bring different benefits to the industry and make them to work in effective and
efficient manner. Pharmaceutical supply chain should build strategies and plans for innovative
and appropriate knowledge sharing methods in order to deliver best results.
Improve exciting model that only focused on the role of innovation in the supply chain.
Innovation is a dynamic term which mean creating new ideas and imaginations which can
be implemented in the practical world in the form of method or procedure. Innovation in any
domain requires applying the better thoughts and solutions to meet the demand and requirement
of market and to enhance the working of industry for future benefits and needs of industries and
organisation. Considering the carried out research, innovation drags the organisations towards
greater competence and antagonistic advantage to increase the productivity of pharmaceutical
industry. Here, the innovation is not refers to as a last goal rather it comes above all and is a key
element to lead improvement in the supply chain management of pharmaceutical industry.
The conclusion can be drawn that two type of innovation, namely incremental innovation
where individuals sort incremental changes and improvements to the current issue and products.
Another innovation type mentioned in this research is radical innovation, this helps in bringing
fresh and new products that nobody has even heard of and it also advice in altering the products
and practices accordingly. The supply chain in pharmaceutical industry deals with the sales and
manufacturing process of medicines. Though, such practices make profitable outcomes by
providing high safety standards and quality. But recent demand on high proficiency performance
of industry and emerging new deadly diseases require innovative thinking. This not only
heightens the revenue but also increase the efficiency of process of manufacturing and marketing
strategies to expand the company and to improve health care system.
This research implies that the whole process of innovation is based on the demands and
needs of customers. The systems and procedures are shaped according to the wants of customer,
where the innovation is applied in one or the other way to enhance the business organisation.
Thorough research should be conducted on the micro organism causing the disease and then
innovative methods should be adopted to create such medicine which can destroy the causative
organism and can fulfil the demand of society by improving the condition of social and health

care sector. Pharma companies require typical customer experiences as well as categorized drugs
to not only overcome the demand of customer but also to improve the network of supply chain.
Conclusions which can be summoned from the study is that innovation process mainly
contributes to the management of supply chain. Such practice enhance the competency and
improve the management and operation of supply chain through innovative ideas and creativity.
Innovation should be brought up in the making of medicines. The technology which have been
used in making medicines can get advanced by properly alternating the machines and working
conditions of pharmaceutical industries. By influencing the supplier with innovative deals and by
attracting the buyers to buy a good number of medicines from a particular pharmaceutical
industry the competency can be developed in the supply chain. Competence according to this
study is a vital factor to give an edge to the other pharma companies. Popular and new
innovation in between the operational and management relation between buyer and supplier aims
in developing new medicines and improves the capacity of supply chain to achieve their aim
through efficient and dependable creative solutions.
According to the so far research, it has been drawn that strategic and innovative decisions
has to be made when the supply chain partners are being selected. Old and short term goals are
usually taken by supply chain partners, so innovative ideas have to be implemented to focus
completely on the new and long term goals. The aim of considering the long term goals is to
think broad and wide, and it has been observed that once the long term aims have been achieved
the short term aims are already under action and through innovative solution objectives can be
attained and the network of supply chain is upgraded. The strategies which are focussed in
supply network according to the study also has a substantial consequence and impact on the
innovativeness and competency of pharmaceutical industries. The strategies involve merging the
existing industries or successful collaborating the pharma industry with another industry to
receive more innovative and experienced outputs. This collaboration improves the management
relationship between manufacturer and buyer, thus giving high competence and upgraded
innovative process to enhance supply network chain. Various innovative methods should be
undertaken to make network and management of supply chain flexible and dynamic, where any
ideas and solution can be implemented for receiving high quality response.

Practical implications
Highlight if supply network strategies have any role to play in promoting innovation in
pharmaceutical manufacturer’s .
Conclusion which can be drawn from the above study is that the deep supply chain
networks when integrated in the corporate and pharmaceutical industry increases the level of
competence in such fields. Thus, by developing dynamic and integrated networks of supply
chain in the most innovative way aids in providing medicines to the buyers. An effective and
efficient framework of supply chain includes improving the operational and functional activities
of industry to systematically deliver medicines to the market. Supply chain as stated in this report
is the network of collective out sourced and in sourced products within the system of supply
chain. The thought of moving from supply chain to the network supply has been assumed to alter
and widened with more enhanced utilisation of resources and better partnerships.
According to the research, the use of supply network is new. It has been outlined that
knowledge sharing across the broad network of links facilitates not only the competence of
supply chain but it also ease in applying innovative ideas and creativity. The supply network
strategies according to this research helps in promoting high end innovation in pharmaceutical
industry. Strategic alignment, a process of sharing organisation resources and structure with its
appropriate funding, environment and strategies has been used as a supply chain strategy to link
the available resources according to the required objectives, thus promoting the innovation,
competence and creativity. This also ensures the better performance by balancing the people
contribution and appropriate realisation of aims and objectives, thereby lowering the waste and
misleading resources to unnoticed and unspecified aims. Strategic alignment mainly comprises
of four wide elements, namely, alignment of the prior goal, merge of all process involved in
business, integration of suitable information system and information and knowledge sharing
among the teams and networks. Such alignment helps in aligning business of pharmaceutical
company and the strategies of new product according to the users and valued customers in
market.
Considering the so far research, another strategy mentioned in the research is about the
Integration for New Product Development, which involves development of a new product that
covers entire process of inventing a fresh and brand new product to the market place. Two main
pillars of new product development is extent of modularity of product and the process and

requirements of outsourcing. These have high capacity of exchange in potential information and
develops brand new medicine in integrated systems. The main element of integration of new
product require a unique product design which covers all the objectives regarding the demand of
the customer and business requirements. This integration alters the opportunity of market into
products, here new medicines which are accessible for sale. Such strategies not only aids in
enhancing the management of industry but also promote various innovation solutions and
competence to increase the productivity and operation of pharmaceutical industries. Such
strategies add value to the stakeholders, buyers, patients and health related practitioners and
providers.
The research mainly focused on ways by which the the strategies of supply network,
strategic alignment and involvement of new product along with knowledge sharing have
influenced the rate of innovation and competence. The applied strategies may allow the
industries of pharmaceuticals to refine the resources and all the assets which have been used.
Sometimes they have to optimize and balance the performance according to the nature of
industry and demand of health care system. The basic success of pharmaceutical industry is
through the merge of information, sharing of knowledge, transfer of technology, material and
flow of order information. Therefore, the key is the successful integration for promoting
innovation in such industries. The complexity of supply network according to the research is
managed by reverse loops, resource development, high end links to transform and manage the
manufacturing of products.
Another strategies of supply chain which improve the performance of production and
innovation are lean supply chain which involves worth and significant disposal of waste which
require innovative ideas thus, promoting innovation. On the other hand, flexible and responsive
supply chain is also helpful in lowering the waste production and saves a significant amount of
time which ca be utilised in other process of industries. Agile supply chains aids in organising
own modified technology and techniques for pharma companies on three main components,
namely, individuals, association and innovation. This strategy is followed when there is high
need of reacting to the demand of customer especially in high innovation fragments.
Determine the current status of the innovation deployment in the pharmaceutical
manufacturer’s .

This research implies that importance of innovation deployment in supply chain cannot
be overlooked. The innovation in supply chain management in pharmaceutical industries plays
an important role in facilitating operations by collaborating process. Supply chain serves as a
means for innovation process and product development. The current strategies for innovation
deployment in the industry influence its overall performance and their productivity. They are
using advanced technologies and methods for driving process outcomes. Stakeholders of the
supply chain of pharma industry is developing different strategies in order bring overall
development and growth of the industry. Sharing knowledge across different levels of supply
chain facilitates innovations and and develop a strong supply chain. Thus, a strong supply chain
for the pharma industry will help them to deliver better services. However, it is essential for a
pharmaceutical industry to develop critical operations for their manufacturing of drugs as it
impacts the overall population of the country. Pharma companies are using supply network
strategies such as Strategic alignment and integration for New Product Development.
Conclusion which can be derived from the study is that pharmaceutical firms are using
innovation deployment by using variety of knowledge available in the supply network and use
this knowledge to enhance the supply chain competence. It adds value to the product as well as
patients and healthcare providers. Thus, knowledge sharing and organization’s absorptive
capacity have rate of innovation and SC competence. Pharma industries develop drugs for the
prevention and cure of diseases. It helps in development of healthcare sector worldwide. Due to
high costs of drugs and medicines pharma industries is considered to be most controversial sector
in market. Thus these industries are making plans and introducing machines and new equipments
in the supply chain to improve their product quality. In current time, they are using knowledge
share strategies to reduce time for the manufacturing process and product development.
Pharmaceutical industries have developed new policies and laws which provide the
guidelines for testing,patenting, pricing and ensuring safety of drugs. It is a firm which develop,
distribute and produce pharmaceutical drugs and medicines. The industry is consider to be one of
the most controversial industry around the world due to higher costs of drugs. Thus, currently
pharmaceutical industries are developing methods for reducing the cost of drug by intervention
of new technologies and innovations which will lower the manufacturing cost and ultimately
reduce the cost of their products. There are some pharmaceutical industries which hardly need

any innovation deployment because they produce generic drugs which doesn't require research
and development and also their processing is also easy.
The pharmaceutical supply chain is research based system whose main motive is to create
value for the products like medicines and vaccines through research and discovery. As it impacts
overall population of the country, the industries are developing methods for developing safety
and quality of products. They are moulding their operations in a way to deliver high quality of
drugs. To address the number of changes in healthcare, pharma industries have adopted new
biotechnologies which will help them to meet the population demands. These changes have
resulted in rapid innovation, discovery and improved drug development process. Industries are
using research oriented approaches for the development of pharmaceutical
technologies,development of infrastructures and improved bioscience research. Such
advancement in the technology have enabled these pharmaceutical industries to develop
innovative drugs to cure several diseases and infections. There is a need for innovation
deployment in pharmaceutical because of rising of ageing population, change in lifestyle and
increase income and illness such as cancer. Industries have also contain some subfields like
involvement of biotechnology companies which help in drug manufacturing.
Conclusion can be drawn that pharmaceutical industry supply chains are involving
innovations and technologies in order to develop their products. They are introducing advance
machines and equipments to facilitate the manufacturing of drugs. They are considering several
approaches for the proper drug delivery across the world. Knowledge sharing and technology
advancement in different levels of supply chain are improving drugs and other products of
pharma industries. Innovations and creativity in the procedures of the supply chain will allow the
industry to produce higher quantity of drugs and help in to improve quality of drugs. It will
develop the organisations and company as a whole. They are developing strategies for storing
and transporting drugs globally. They are building strategies and plans to deal with errors and
risk and develop some strategies for managing them. Thus these innovations and techniques are
help in overall production development and reduce time for producing these drugs.
Generates evidence as to whether the current supply network strategies are reliable
indicators for successful supply chain competence in pharmaceutical manufacturer’s.
Conclusion which can be derived from the above study is that the strategies which were
followed in current supply network are reliable indicators not only for the successful and

booming supply chain competence but also in the enhancement of the innovation in
pharmaceutical industries. Supply chain according to the research implies that a cascade of
making decision, execution and processing the money and material flow which intent to meet the
demands and requirements of the valued customer which has to be taken place in between
various stages of supply chain. The supply chain includes manufacturer as well as suppliers,
retailers and customers are also included in supply chain.
Conclusion which can be highlighted from this study is that the main purpose as stated in
the research of supply network involves the activities which are inter related with prime aim to
provide classic service and goods to the valued users. Such wider concept approach is more
advance and strategic where the all the available resources are effectively and efficiently
implemented. The supply chain network complexity is assorted and managed by including two
way exchanges, side way links, acquisition of resources, reverse loops so as to transform as well
as to manage the product. The supply chain network aids in assessing the way or manner to add
the most competitive merits for an pharmaceutical industries. In here, all the prior tasks are
combined to form more bigger and large network which is interconnected with various tasks and
objectives.
Considering the carried out research, whenever the sale drops or the cycle of product
matures then at this time management has to be make strategies to develop new upgraded
versions of products into the existing market by developing or obtaining new broad range of
services and products. The strategic decisions according to the study may include acquiring some
other industries. At the level of making strategies the industries has to determine the demands
and requirements of the customers about the services and products of pharmaceutical industries.
Once the pharmaceutical industry decide to form strategic decisions then the management and
operational as well as marketing team identify the core customer demands and segments where
the further focus will be targeted.
This research implies that the decisions of manufacturing decides the technology and the
infrastructure of the manufacturing which is required. The pharmaceutical industries builds the
strategic decisions, usually based on the sale estimates and the urgency of the medicine which
are to be discovered and analysed for the use. Thus, the management team of such industries
decide on how the medicine will be factory made. Such strategies has been observed as a trust

worthy indicators for high supply chain competence in the pharmaceutical industries. The
management of industry or company also make the supply chain policies with respect to the
suppliers. By lowering the purchasing for the industry can be related directly to the enhancement
in the profit of company and alleviates the supply chain competence. The fulfilment of order
plays an essential part in the industries and supply chain management so as to make strategies on
the networks of logistics.
According to the research, the concept of supply network is fresh and it has been
observed delivering the deep knowledge world wide through the network of complex facilities of
connection supports not only a strong and rigid supply chain competence but it also aids in
innovation. However, the conclusions which can be drawn from the so far study is that the
Strategic Alignment and Integration of New Product Development. Such strategies are used in
the pharmaceutical industries can be benefited by the variation in knowledge which is present in
the network of the supply chain and be widely used to uplift the supply chain competence. Such
strategies not only add value to the pharmaceutical industry's stakeholders and buyers but it also
add value to the health care service providers as well as to the social and health care service
seekers.
Conclusions which can be selected from the above research is that the firm of
pharmaceutical also involve additional strategies for increasing the supply chain competence.
Such strategies includes lean supply chain, responsive supply chain, flexible supply chain and
agile supply chain. Such strategies have been observed to make the system more shorter reactive
time and presenting the solutions of customer demands in the given time framework which
enhance the supply chain competence.
Offers suggestions for effective strategies that can be adopted to ensure innovation
deployment and competency in the supply chain of pharmaceutical industry.
This research implies that Supply chain management of pharmaceutical industry is a
complex process. Increasing global competition and drastic economical changes has made
difficult for the supply chain of pharmaceutical to sustain its position in the global market.
Creating a complex supply chain is a important step in order to ensure that risks that are
associated with supply chain are need to be managed effectively. Innovation deployment in the
pharmaceutical supply chain made them effective to utilize their resources to the highest extent
and increase information sharing within the network.

Conclusion which can be derived from this study is effective strategies that can be
adopted for innovation deployment can be divided into four main categories: goal alignment,
integration of business processes, information systems integration and information sharing as
well as inter-organisational teams. Different methods has been implemented by well-connected
supply chain network of pharmaceutical industry such as information sharing which helps in to
reduce the cost and minimise the risks which led to creativity and innovation.
Considering the carried out study, it can be stated that application of new product
development plays a major role in bringing innovation and supply chain competence in supply
chain network. Product modularity and new product development can also be use for effective
strategies for bringing innovation and competence in supply chain network. Such factors led to
high-value information exchange and helps in the development of new products in an integrated
system.
For developing effective strategies in order to bring innovation and competence in supply
chain network, knowledge sharing is the best approach as it helps in continuous learning and
promote new product development in justifiable way. Knowledge sharing will help in to
understand learning capabilities of the industry and helps in to facilitate operations and improve
products. However, there are two primary aspects of knowledge sharing such as absorptive
capacity and descriptive capacity. Both these strategies complement each other for knowledge
sharing. Both these capacities of supply network help to outline changing capabilities of supply
chain network which can promote innovations for new products and processes. Innovative
deployment of supply chain network of pharmaceutical industries tends to develop new products
and made improvements in current products along with purpose of enhancing marketability and
efficiency. There are number of aspects which determine supply chain competence in supply
network such as management of upstream and downstream process in order to develop high
quality of drugs. It also helps in to generate clear understanding of life cycle of products.
Innovation deployment generate methods for managing cost of manufacturing and help in
analysing new value creation opportunities.
Effective strategies are need to be made in terms of innovation of new product
development in terms of positive impact on firm innovativeness along with supply chain
competency. Global sourcing and outsourcing activities have enabled large opportunities to
develop dynamic supply chain networks. The prior objective of supply chain network is to

supply high quality of drugs and medicines and to facilitate manufacturing operation within the
firm in order to provide competitive advantage to stakeholders of the firm. Global and
technological advancement are consider to be best strategies for easy access of service. The
major role of supply network of the pharma industry has been shifted to knowledge sharing
between different levels of supply network and lead to provide procurement, goods and services.
Effective strategies are need to develop for managing economical dynamics and improve
productivity.
Conclusion can be made that strategies are need to build for product development and
innovation in supply chain network of pharmaceutical industries. However, it is necessary to
analyse the strategies involved in setting up a supply chain. Effective strategies for supply
network will help the industry to maintain competitiveness and to develop a robust network for
lowering cost of manufacturing of products and facilitate the operations of the industry.
Technologies and innovations will develop strategies for upgrading the supply chain to undergo
consistent restructuring. It also made companies to engage in outsourcing of different activities.
These strategies will also led to develop healthy relationship between firm and suppliers. Supply
network relationship can be stated as development, establishment and maintained of successful
interpersonal exchanges as a result of negotiations and designing of the strategic businesses.
However, innovation deployment and competency in supply chain will help the overall
organisation to develop quality products and to increase productivity by facilitating their
operational procedures. Information flow and knowledge sharing also plays a vital role in
innovation deployment and competence of supply chain network.
Recommendations and future research directions
This investigation implies that more authenticate sources should be used in future to
conduct research in future for gaining accurate findings. It includes that more duration of time
should be applied for conducting proper study by collecting relevant data to the topic which
facilitate to gain better analysis of gathered information. However, it is suggested that an
investigator must consider various ethical principles and legislation while conducting study for
improving reliability of achieved outcomes. Moreover, it has been recommended that survey can
be used for analysing real facts and figures about select topic which helps to attain more
appropriate research findings respectively. It is very important for a researcher to take proper
permission to collect personal organisational data and follow guidance of senior researcher who

has already carried out study on the same topic. Additionally, it is suggested to put desired funds
to conduct various tasks of investigation to complete study in appropriate manner.
It is suggested that companies of pharmacy should understand effective of current supply
chain because it can assumed about success of whole process by understanding an efficiency of
applied strategic technique. It has been recommended to pharmacy institutions to adopt this way
for preparing appropriate supply chain strategies for enhancing supply chain and contribution
towards health status of entire population. Meanwhile, it is suggested to companies of
pharmaceutical industry for to enhance their contribution towards healthcare system and saving
life of various individuals from deadly diseases. It has been recommended to companies of
pharmaceutical industry to identify current innovation trends and make themselves different in
terns of supply chain to improve goodwill along with delivery of products. It is suggested to such
organisation for focussing on innovations which beneficial to enhance their supply chain as well
as gain competitive advantage in market by maintain uniqueness of their brand. Moreover, it is
suggested that knowledge sharing should be evaluated for utilising them and increase supply
chain management for completing demands of medicines in market and saving life of many of
people. Meanwhile, it has been suggested that specified strategies in regards to supply chain is
beneficial for pharmaceutical companies and healthcare institutions to deliver desired care
services for people on time.
It has been recommended that by adopting correct prediction planning tools the industry
can ensure an complete and enhanced view and efficient response to some risks like political
turmoil or any natural disaster affecting the manufacturing to an extent. Due to such situations,
pharmaceutical industries make some adjustments and compromise prices. They also build
strategies so as to configure the increasing demand, move required medicines quickly, up level
the growth of revenue and further exceed the boundaries of industry by fulfilling the huge
demand of any medicine with few supply and limited resources. With the development of cloud
supply chain software and technology, the industries have capacity to look the existing resources
inventory in the real time, thus improving the management of supply chain.
It has been suggested that by successful collaboration using digital network of business,
the other partners of supply chain within pharmaceutical companies can be connected
electronically. Such complex multi tier network helps the collaborated members in syncing. Such
platform provide an upgraded performance of coordination and real time visibility among all the

partners of supply chain that are needed for achieving the target. The actual demand of customers
can be understood by forecasting the predicted future needs. Such forecasting is not always right
and appropriate to use, thus pharmaceutical industries follow consumer products companies so as
to gather large amount of information which are related to the demand of valued customers and
the market place. Such gathered information than fed into demand sensing solutions which can
be further used to predict the actual demand. This solutions helps in accessing all the signals like
diseases outbreak or forecast relating to the weather or flu via newspapers or social media. This
better picture is then allotted among the partners of supply chain guaranteeing that the
pharmaceutical industry workers, research and development staff, suppliers, manufacturers are
all aligned on the same page.
It has been advised that the pharmaceutical industries should maintain and ensure
traceability so as to trace the working at every level of organisation. The high involvement of
collaborated parties and industries must have a complete check on their manufacturing and
operations at every level so as to trace the medicine quality across the complex multi tier supply
chain. This procedure is done to accumulate the appropriate data at all production stages, this
allow to keep a track on the flow of material, every detail of processing step and various factors
like test results or the amount of yield.
Various recommendation have been provided to discover and respond rapidly depending
upon the change in the request and supply demands. With the advance network of supply chain,
pharma industries can determine end to end working of supply chain. Moreover, the primitive
planning systems lacks quick decision making capabilities and enhanced problem solving power
which are required to arrange trades and recommend alternative scenario for planning. Such tools
aids in quick assessment of new information like sudden demand alteration or unexpected supply
and also assist in examining the alternative plans to choose the best option among them for
efficient and effective flow of supply chain management.
It has been recommended that by managing the distribution of finished products helps in
managing the efficient flow of supply chain. The pharmaceutical companies has been observed
to rely on the outside partners for transportation and other added services. Assuring the
availability of medicines and proper functioning of research and development sector means
compact and better carrying the distribution partners. However, such practice may be enhanced
by including transparent visibility of inventory and refined strategies. For making the correct

delivery to the right customers and at the given amount of time frame, proactive management is
allocated. This is the major key in competing and out growing among the different pharma
industries for acquiring more shelf space at the pharmacies and at various chains of drug stores.
Limitations
This study implies that the conclusion can be drawn from some of specific limitations
that are determined. Initially, it includes the limitation that data collection is quite difficult to
gather because specific sources are not available due to which different articles were used to
collect relevant information. However, the respondents are not capable to provide proper views
and opinions which is also considered as a restriction regarding accurate data in this study.
Secondly the time provide for carrying out this investigation is not sufficient due to which a limit
occur and it impact on entire performance as well as findings. It includes that selected study
needs some more duration of time which is suitable to understand the real facts about the supply
chain and it is important to enhance the effectiveness of healthcare system.
Conclusion can be drawn that, it includes the limitations of cost which plays an important
role to carry out desired tasks of investigation in more effective as well as efficient manner. The
funding for this study was not sufficient due to which effectiveness of entire is not that much
accurate as desired. It is necessary to apply desired amount of money to conduct appropriate
study about supply chain of pharmaceutical industry to improve its effectiveness. Meanwhile, the
ethical consideration can be included into limitation because few of them are difficult to follow
while gathering relevant information.
The limitations which can be drawn from the research is the broadness of objectives and
aims. If the aims or objectives are too broad focus can't be devoted on a particular aim, thus by
narrowing and limiting the aims and objectives in different categories and sub parts, the level of
focus can be enhanced and the data can be centred accordingly. The method of collecting the
data can also be added in the limitation list because a large amount of time and a great deal of
expertise may be required for gathering the data primarily. There is a huge chance that the
technique of collecting the data and the nature of implying it may be blemished and need to be
modified for proper and efficient sampling of data.
This research implies that the size of sample can create a problem in conducting the
research. If the size of sample is too tiny, then the statistical and logical test would not be able to
determine the important relationship and connection within the calculations of data set. When the

research is based on the large sample size, it not only influences the uniformity of the result but it
greatly enhance the accuracy and validity of the result, thereby clarifying the aims and objectives
of the research as well as ensuring the acceptability of the research. The sample size factor has
been seen and evaluated to affect more quantitatively than qualitatively.
Conclusion which can be derived from the so far research is that the deficiency of
previous study in the specific research area may cause a limitation to the flow of research. The
main component of any research is the literature review because the whole idea of experiments
and evidences are based on the findings of the literature reviews of different authors. It also
assist in determining the scope of the so far work in the domain of our research, thus literature
review is considered as a very essential portion of any research. Being the crucial part of the
research, the prior literature review has to be done which could help in defining the existing topic
of research. If no or very little research had done on the topic of an individual research topic then
its quite difficult to evolve the problems and evidences relating to the research. So the
availability of scholar and published paper greatly influences the way the research will be
conducted and what kind of evidences and findings will be stated in the researcher.
Considering the carried out study, choice of research area can be considered as a
limitation in research. The level, depths and the scope of the discussion may be outlook in
various level depending upon the experience and the scope of academic papers. The experience
can be considered as a crucial factor in discussing the scope of discussion, because individual
who do not have years of experience in the defining research domain may come across with
various difficulties in making strong arguments in the relevant topics and also lack behind
compiling the research by providing applicable conclusion and scope of research. The lack of
techniques or instrument used in the research for providing the relevant results and the proper
outcome of the research subject can be considered as a limitation in accomplishing the study.
The analysis of previous data by applying few methods and techniques is done to modify an
individual subject of the research so as to create the variability. Lack of instruments and
techniques, thus create a problem in analysing the research papers.
Summary of the chapter
This report is based on the supply of pharmaceuticals products which is very essential to
enhance the potency of healthcare system. This chapter mentions and elaborates the challenges
which are faced by the pharmaceutical industries during the operation. The challenges which are

outlined in the chapter is the shortage of the resources, lack of communication and coordination
among the staff member of industry, temperature control during the storage of finished goods
and so on. The chapter explains the concept of pharmaceutical supply chain and provides various
recommendations and strategies to enhance the supply chain managements so as to gain
innovation and supply competence so as to make the pharma industry more flawless and
efficient. To supply pharmaceutical products in hospitals and companies on time it is very
important and proper thing to identify. It exist that required products which is antibiotics, drugs,
medicines deliver finer care services to people in healthcare organisation the country supply of
pharmaceuticals products it plays very important role in industry which is observed the
effectiveness of healthcare system. Different kinds of pharmaceuticals products to supply in the
companies and market accordant to their demand. In pharmaceutical companies the supply of
medications to companies resources, it is very ineffectual for consumers. It justify price by half
expenses and resulting for incriminate financial advantages by consumers. It find, produce,
improvement, markets, companies the products use as the medications to be properly manage to
cure patients and relives from diseases. The health insurance majorly choose generic medicines
as they are more cheaper when compared to the brand of the high pricing medicines. The
changes which have emerged due to improved drug development process has been outlined in
the chapter. So as to address the alteration in new adopted technologies in pharmaceutical
companies helps in meeting the high demand of the valued customers and the market. But some
limitations occur because the data collection is little bit difficult to collect products and the
financial support was not comfortable due to potency of whole is not that much true as in
demand. The function of supply chain as a source for the process of creation process and product
development, they are using some advanced methods and technologies for the outcomes
processes. More emphasis has been given in the research questions and problems in the supply
chain management of pharmaceutical industry in this chapter and all the possible theoretical and
practical contribution has been stated out for proper functioning and smooth running of
pharmaceutical industries.