Construction of tunnels - Doc
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Added on 2021-06-14
Construction of tunnels - Doc
Added on 2021-06-14
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Running Head: CONSTRUCTION OF TUNNELS1Construction of tunnelsAuthor’s name Institutional affiliation
CONSTRUCTION OF TUNNELS2Table of ContentsConstruction Methods for tunneling projects...............................................................................................4Cut and Cover method.............................................................................................................................4Drill and Blast Method............................................................................................................................4Bored Tunneling......................................................................................................................................5Sub-sea tunnel construction.....................................................................................................................5Methods of constructing hydraulic structures..............................................................................................6Observing of the general construction considerations..............................................................................6Aggregate Production..............................................................................................................................7Carrying out of the batching and mixing.................................................................................................7Establishing an active transport and delivery system...............................................................................7The placing and spreading.......................................................................................................................7Carrying out the compaction of the hydraulic structure...........................................................................8Preparing the lift surface..........................................................................................................................8Establishing the contraction joints and the crack control.........................................................................8Carrying out the curing and protection....................................................................................................8Implementing methods that will control placement temperatures............................................................9Carrying out the testing and quality control.............................................................................................9Construction methods for marine structures................................................................................................9Construction Algorithm.........................................................................................................................10Staking of the construction....................................................................................................................10Clearance and the grubbing of the Road Construction Area..................................................................11Methods used in the construction of railways........................................................................................11
CONSTRUCTION OF TUNNELS3Laying bottom ballast........................................................................................................................12Anchorage.........................................................................................................................................12The laying of the steel rail.................................................................................................................12Top ballast.........................................................................................................................................12Anchorage of the rail and the bracing................................................................................................13Resource and the Management Plan..........................................................................................................13References.................................................................................................................................................15
CONSTRUCTION OF TUNNELS4Construction Methods for tunneling projectsThere are different methods used for the construction of tunnels in the engineering field, the methods are used in different situations and too experience various advantages and disadvantages. However, some methods have proved to be advantageous in particular situations hence; will be highly preferred for carrying out the construction (Kuesel, King & Bickel, 2012). Cut and Cover methodIt is one of the simple techniques and straightforward in carrying out the construction of the tunnels. It will mainly involve the excavation above the ground. After that, the trench will be used in the construction of the tunnel. After that, the trench will be filled with soil as a way of completing the construction. Some of the tunnels are constructed in not only shallow but also soft grounds. Such cases call for embracing the cut and cover method of building tunnels. Most stations are built under such conditions, and therefore they adopt such a manner of working (Chapman, Metje & Stark, 2017). Drill and Blast MethodThere are different types of ground each of them offering differing resistance to working through it by constructing a tunnel. Some of the areas are covered with rocks and call for makinguse of a more sustainable method as a way of making the construction a success. Drill and blast method has proved to be the most viable method used for working in rocky grounds. The methodmakes use of explosives that facilitate the breaking away of rocks and soils. The process mainly starts by drilling holes into the rocks. After that, the explosives are installed in such holes that will be responsible for causing the explosion. There will be the setting of a timed detonation of
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