Construction Practice and Management

This project examines the construction of a junior school by transforming a furniture factory. It explores the specialisms involved, stages of construction, the role of BIM in design, completion, and maintenance, and the importance of health and safety in the construction process. The project also examines the impact of collaboration strategies and the promotion of local employment.

CONSTRUCTION
PRACTICE AND
MANAGEMENT

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1 ...........................................................................................................................................1
Overview of construction industry..............................................................................................1
List the specialisms to build the school.......................................................................................2
Show how these different trades work together to build the school...........................................2
Critically evaluate how the industry has developed into larger general companies interspersed
by smaller specialist units ..........................................................................................................3
TASK 2 ...........................................................................................................................................3
Skills and specialisms outlined...................................................................................................3
Main stages of the construction from tendering through to hand over would be.......................4
State and analyse which specialisms would be employed during each of the main stages of the
construction from site clearance through to hand over...............................................................4
Compare the main factors within construction process..............................................................4
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................5
a) Concerns of local council in tender document........................................................................5
b) Building Information Modelling in selection of design, completion and maintenance..........5
c). Promotion of local employment.............................................................................................6
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................7
a). BIM in controlling the building process and selection of best design...................................7
b) BIM role in reducing running costs........................................................................................8
c) BIM role in safety and health in building...............................................................................8
d) Role of CDM in construction process and health and safety within construction industry....8
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Construction planning and management is the comprehensive overview of understanding
the principles, key features and project management techniques of construction technology. This
is considered as the basic activity in the management and execution of construction projects and
involves wide range of resources like equipments, machinery, materials, budgeting etc.
Moreover, this construction is not only beneficial for a country's economic growth but also leads
to infrastructure development. Here it consists of preparation of land with construction,
alteration, repairment of structure and buildings and such other related materials.
This assignment is based on understanding the aspects and principles of construction
management in relation to school construction by transforming a furniture factory. It will be
going to highlight about the relevancy and overseeing the entire framework while initiating a
construction project. Moreover, it will examine about the specialisms and stages of construction
while completion of constructing school site by replacing a furniture factory. This also analyses
about building information modelling (BIM) and the impact of collaboration strategies in
maintenance of safety and health.
TASK 1
Overview of construction industry
Construction industry is considered as an evergreen arena in the civil engineering branch
that focuses on the infrastructure development. This is related to the construction of buildings or
any physical infrastructure. Primarily the construction planning of a school is based on
completing the complex tasks of initiating, designing, checking, outlining the resources including
capital, labour etc. This is possible through implementing knowledge and expertise of several
technical aspects of civil engineering in proper manner for reaping benefits on the longer run.
Here this sector is evolving and is leading to new sustainable structures with the help of
technological advancements. It helped the companies to set up and construct physical structures.
Brief Evolution of construction industry
Traditional construction included using equipments like electric or diesel led vehicles,
labourers and materials like cement, bricks etc. (Illingworth, 2017) However, with passing time
there are new techniques, methods and modes that led to astonishing construction projects like
skyscrapers like buildings, bridges, dams etc. at the worldwide levels. Recently, construction

industry is growing due to use of modern techniques and automation and it maintains easy
accessibility to materials which directed many specialist companies like AECOM, Kier, Moran
Sindall etc. with different knowledge skills and facilities to construct.
List the specialisms to build the school
For building a school, there is requirement of specialisms such as design specifications,
selection of site, materials of construction, requirement of support spaces, furniture and
equipment etc. However, before getting into the details and discussions while planning, the
foremost step is to understand the selection of site on the civil engineering concepts. The
objective is to replace the furniture company into accessible and sustainable school building
where harnessing of technologies (Sears and et.al., 2015). This would lead to using the key
elements of modular construction and digital engineering.
In this regard, soil engineering is one of the important basis to know about the utility of
soil used. The engineers must check the characteristics of soil and its capacity to withstand the
work loads and tests the various engineering features to retain its work pressures. Additionally,
Structural engineering deals with the entire planning of structural forms and its maintenance of
integrity by drawing it in accordance to layout, size, electrical insulations and more. Moreover,
wood work is the activity where the manufacturing of doors, windows and hardware are
examined and built to match the requirements of the building.
Show how these different trades work together to build the school
It has been demonstrated that soil engineering is useful in understanding perspectives of
the selected site. The availability of rocks and water flow system is essential before knowing
about the solid construction on any site location. The aim is to check the soil which act as the
solid foundation for the construction work and gives an assurance about the shelf life and
resistance power. For e.g. Geotechnical consulting group, Geotechnical Engineering Limited etc.
made the services more comprehensive. Herein, the structural engineering aspects is concerned
with the physical integrity and designing components of the school building to be constructed. It
emphasis on outlining the planning of site with respect to the stability, support and withstanding
capacity. Moreover, it ensures viability of the materials of construction to be used and directly
connected to the costings and timeline. For e.g. Walsh-structural and civil engineers etc. help in
building collaborative approach. In regard to wood works, these assist in examining the quality

and delivery of services while performing the tasks. For e.g. Original Woodwork Co, Britannia
woodworking co limited etc. help in giving back up and fulfil the business needs.
All the mentioned specialisms has a focus on durability and safety when the construction
work is going to start. These elements help in limiting the external forces and aid in building the
structure in more feasible ways (Halpin, Lucko and Senior, 2017). Structural engineering
emphasis on outlining the planning of site with respect to the stability, support and withstanding
capacity. The properties such as magnitude, position and direction are analysed in order to
perform the structural analysis. These help the wood workers indirectly to manage the tasks in
viable manner. Therefore, these specialisms support in project management efficiently.
Critically evaluate how the industry has developed into larger general companies interspersed by
smaller specialist units
According to Zhang and et.al. (2015), the construction industry evolved with the help of
using principles of areas like civil engineering, structural engineering, architecture, geotechnical
aspects, materials of science and testing and rehabilitation methods. These specialised streams
have paved the path of progressive and flexible structures whether for any activity commercial
purposes or domestic use. This industry took advantages of structural engineers to gain
knowledge about the load bearing capacities and later this information is given to architects or
civil engineers. They later use this data for planning the layout ad optimising the available
resources.
On the other hand, Penn, Farnes and Rahmani (2017) critiqued that this amalgamation of
smaller units into larger firms have led to exploitation of knowledge, facilities and other related
components. It has led to hampering effects on the overall progression and sometimes the
customers or the concerned people get affected. Furthermore, it sometimes leads to damage or
obstruction of structures by mixing the features of other diversified streams and affects the safety
of people. It also has an impact on the risk assessments and uncertainties associated with the
decision making and implementing of any advanced technology or materials.
TASK 2
Skills and specialisms outlined
There is an outline on the skills and specialisms used while constructing the junior school
in place of the old factory. It is necessary to understand the roles and responsibilities required to

complete the construction project under the legislative framework. Moreover, the components
involved are investigation works in related to the site and building the structural designing by
adopting the training and related concepts (Lindahl, 2016). This aids in designing the structural
modifications that involves analysis of structures and materials selection.
Soil engineering- Soil erosion engineer, architect, surveyor, structural engineer, geospatial
modeller are involved. For proper assessment, the related skills and technical knowledge are
essential to finish it under the guidance of experts to optimise the utility of resources.
Structural engineering- Here, civil engineer, supervisors, construction manager etc. are involved
to complete the construction project. The entire planning by taking all the suggestions in mid to
make it a successful project. For instance, use of software like SAP, STAAD etc. help in aiming
technical expertise to avoid any challenges and achieve it on time.
Wood work- Contractor and electrician are included here. They help in laying the foundation for
implementing the layout.
Main stages of the construction from tendering through to hand over would be
Tendering is the process where the bidders are invited from the interested contractors to
perform the main tasks of the construction work. It mainly deals with supplying of materials,
goods etc. on the quoted pricing for the fulfilment of the project. Here the government led
institutions and other financial organisations are involved to maintain the transparency and
reliability factors (Wiley, 2016). This is important to select a suitable contractor to complete the
project in suitable time. The main stages of the construction are as follows:
Installation step- This is the initial phases where designing, planning and starting of building
school occurs. Here Soil erosion engineer, architect, surveyor and geospatial modeller are
required to use their technical knowledge and skills set to avoid any challenges in the next
phases.
Starting up of the project- This stage requires only technical expertise with managerial skills and
thus, it involves structural engineer, civil engineer, supervisors, contractor and construction
manager.

Functional performance testing- This is done by using a set of professionals and have received
training. Primarily, it depends on the duration and uncertain challenges that might takes place
and mostly includes contractor, civil engineer and the employers of that school.
To sum up, these stages are in the widespread extension that help in reaching the last
stage which is the handing over the entire school building to the employers.
State and analyse which specialisms would be employed during each of the main stages of the
construction from site clearance through to hand over
Installation stage: Here the civil engineers, soil engineer, contractor, soil erosion engineer,
architect, surveyor, structural engineer and geospatial modeller are involved to know about the
inspection regarding site clearance.
Starting up of project: Here wood workers and labourers are crucial and help in completing the
building construction.
Functional performance testing: The professionals including contractor and civil engineer check
the feasibility and viability of the completion of project.
Compare the main factors within construction process
Construction
Companies
Contracts Tendering
Roles within the
construction process
They take the entire
project and include all
the specialised unites
to perform each tasks
in coherent manner
(Zhao and et.al., 2015)
This means agreement
between two parties
for construction any
new project or
restructuring any
existing structure
This is a process for
invitation to trade for
the project.
Nature of
responsibilities
 They initiate
and plan the
design and
 They perform
the legalities to
maintain the
 The focus is on
acquiring the
sole rights to

layout planning
 They also
focus on
completion and
make deadlines
 They also list
the allocated
resources
code of
practices
 They also bind
the
professionals
and the
employers in
authorised
modes to avoid
any fraudery or
scam
give the
supplies and
required
inventory
Examples ALCAN, AF group
Construction etc.
AECOM, Beceehtel
Corp etc.
Mox Consultancy and
Management Services
etc.
TASK 3
a) Concerns of local council in tender document.
The local councils analyse various types of points in tender document to select the main
contractor which are as follows:
11 Tender Drawing
It can be main concern for local council as it helps to describe the project in detail so that
the contractor's realistic prices are expected.11 The Specifications
It includes general requirements and specifications of workmanship and materials
 General Requirements - It contains relevant site details as per scenario the owner is
building Junior School which was previously a furniture factory and information about
items that are not part of a permanent job which includes security, accommodation etc.
 Specification of workmanship and materials - This relates to the detailed requirements
of each trade like earthworks and excavations, brickwork, masonry, structural steel works
etc. in construction of Junior School.

11 Bill of Quantities – It is the list of all work activities required for the execution of
permanent work like costing of all materials and the cost required to complete the
activities.11 Conditions of Contract, form of tender, form of agreement – It is another concern
which define the responsibilities and liabilities of the parties to the contract. The
contractor must ensure the presence of hazardous or flammable or intoxicating
substances. The main contractor or its employees is responsible for any damage or loss
suffered by the Junior School property is obliged to repair the damage. The contractor
will employ enough personnel to maintain its performance11 Form of bond – It provides guarantee to promote satisfactory completion of the work.
b) Building Information Modelling in selection of design, completion and maintenance.
Schedule integrated BIM known as 4D BIM can be used for animations, safety analysis,
and to prepare site logistic plans. It helps the council in selection of design of school in following
ways:
 Reducing the cost of re-documenting congenital conditions and field studies to build a
renovation project.
 Savings can be done by saving time in reviewing field conditions and with unexpected
order changes conditions, reduction of destructive tests and repair costs to confirm
existing conditions.
 Accuracy greater than the assumption of energy models and better energy efficiency
assessments.
 The design and construction team can provide high-quality building systems due to better
equipment choices and specifications based on feedback from the operation of the
building.
Planning and monitoring are very important parts of the design. Site supervisors can use
various tools that support BIM 4D to improve the quality control process. Overall, BIM's 4D
planning design and monitoring is a good process for building a school according to the planned
model (Gálvez-Martos and et.al., 2018). It also helps in analysing the expected progress to
completion. The completion of work is carried by proper scheduling of activities and the method
to carry out this scheduling is critical path method (CPM) lists every activity related to other
activities in fixed duration.

All maintenance information and parts are included as part of the recording model.
Overall, valuable information contained in the recording model can help the owner maintain and
update.
 The Facility Manager provides the owner with a building record information model at the
end of the project. All pipe marks are entered and channels are labelled.
 A building maintenance worker handles works like electrician, carpenter, plumber,
HVAC technician. They are also responsible for the well being of council property stock
such as schools, offices etc.
c). Promotion of local employment
The factors that must be consider by the main contractor when identifying small local
companies or sub-contractors are labour, materials and equipments through which they can
promote local employment.
 Employment of labour in masonry, plastering which is the important part of building as it
helps to make layer between the exterior walls and internal sections.
 Materials used for constructing building can also be factor to promote local employment
as there are various local companies who sell building materials related to construction
supplies, building hardware material like steel, wood, pipe etc.
 Equipments plays a vital role in the every phase of the building construction and can
provide jobs to various subcontractors like special trade contractors which work in glass
and glazing, excavation, steel erection and this considered as risky job as they use large
gears like drills and wrecking balls. For excavation, earth-moving machines, brick
hammer, chisel, circular saw, concrete mixer which can be provided by various local
agencies.
TASK 4
a). BIM in controlling the building process and selection of best design.
BIM uses two methods to keep the progress of building construction on schedule and in
sequence i.e. critical path method and line of balance. In general, CPM is a commonly used
technique that makes projects on schedule. Line of balance is a good method of planning and
monitor repetitive tasks during the construction process. It can be used as a proactive approach to

improve site security planning and monitoring, for example, rails and fences can be modelled in
BIM.
There are several data acquisition systems that can be used with BIM 4D to track design
progress. The integration of RFID and BIM can be used to plan and monitor labour and they can
be given trade protection helmets to identify the workforce and the location of the worker. Site
managers can use BIM and all robot station technology for accurate construction practices.
Points to explore objects generated in the building information model can be uploaded to the
robot's public station.
To select the best design Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Life Cycle Cost Analysis
(LCCA) helped counsellor which have three things in common:
(i) The effect can be maximized if it occurs in the initial phase of the project.
(ii) They can be carried out for production systems consisting of all building elements and
construction methods.
(iii) They provide an analytical process that facilitates the selection of optimal alternatives by
assessing the economic and environmental characteristics of alternatives.
The BIM-LCA method for determining which materials and building structures can
effectively reduce CO2 emissions in accordance with BIM regulations for material replacement
in various types of construction (Howarth and Greenwood, 2017). Therefore, it is possible to
provide a way for engineers to choose the right material and increase in the initial stages of the
project. BIM is mainly used to produce various design alternatives for Life Cycle Assessment or
Life Cycle Cost Analysis. However, there are some ideas or theories about how to integrate BIM
not only for LCA and LCCA, but also how to guide it at the same time.
b) BIM role in reducing running costs.
BIM can help school owners to save money by carefully monitoring their energy and
water used to reduce their operating costs. By allowing owners to monitor and analyse the
performance of various systems - climate levels, automatic dimming lights, water consumption
(Blaisi, 2019). BIM can generate more energy, lower costs and higher asset values. Reducing
operating and maintenance costs through incomplete equipment inventory. Accurate equipment
inventory can reduce operating costs and maintenance negotiations from 3% to 6% by
identifying and tracking equipment. It contains a link to device history, which facilitates the

assessment of device status. Accurate equipment inventory reduces the likelihood of disaster
costs for unexpected repairs by determining the right location of equipment and subcomponents.
c) BIM role in safety and health in building.
The construction industry is known for its health and safety compared to other industries.
The construction industry has been the most dangerous industry for decades, despite the drastic
improvements that have been made for years. BIM can ensure site security during the completion
of a construction project and offers the possibility to predict and prevent dangerous situations
that are already in the design stage. With BIM, they can find out the dangers and risks at the
beginning of the project by sharing and coordinating information between the project team. This
will ensure that you have the appropriate clearing zone (Lindahl, 2016). Register health and
safety solutions independently of the software and easily access information through digital
health and safety files.
d) Role of CDM in construction process and health and safety within construction industry.
CDM plays an important role to improve industrial health and safety which are as
follows:
 Planning work properly so that the risks involved are managed from beginning to end
 To have the right people to work well at the right time
 Work together and coordinate with other people
 Having correct information about risks and how to handle them
 To effectively share this information with those who need to know it
 Advise and work with employees about risks and how they are managed
The companies with good safety records where management of health and safety is
crucial for all organization like Information Technology, National Health Services. Health and
safety are very important for all sectors of the construction industry. It is always considered very
important because it is considered a very open sector in accidents at work (Duties of Designers.
2019). Indeed, in some aspects of the construction industry it has achieved improvements in
safety and health, very little in the industry to pay for the impact of the procurement process,
with important issues of financial and legal obligations and liability for accidents. This is
observed in most countries - the reality is that the construction industry constantly has statistics
on injury and death, making it one of the most dangerous sectors where you need to work most,
and how these statistics are in organizational culture. Reduction of corners, timely projects and

withdrawals from relevant laws on health and safety to actually win contracts become illegal in
competency issues.
CONCLUSION
From the above case study it summarized that a local authority planning to built a Joint
school on a site which was previously a Furniture Factory and it explains how construction
industry had evolved into a lot of specialist companies with numerous knowledge of skills
facilities provided for cooperation in construction like soil engineering, structural engineering,
wood workers, etc. that will work together to build the school. It also showed the concerns of
councils for the selection of main contractor and how BIM helps the council to select the design
of the school and maintenance required afterwards by the owner.

REFERENCES
Books and journals
Zhang, S. and et.al., 2015. BIM-based fall hazard identification and prevention in construction
safety planning. Safety science.72. pp.31-45.
Illingworth, J.R., 2017. Construction methods and planning. CRC Press.
Sears, S.K. and et.al., 2015. Construction project management. John Wiley & Sons.
Halpin, D.W., Lucko, G. and Senior, B.A., 2017. Construction management. John Wiley & Sons.
Zhao, D. and et.al., 2015. Building collaborative construction skills through BIM-integrated
learning environment. International Journal of Construction Education and
Research.11(2). pp.97-120.
Wiley, A., 2016. Shaw Junior High School as a monument to planning reform. Designing
Schools: Space, Place and Pedagogy.
Lindahl, R. A., 2016. Goal-free planning: A largely unrecognized, but frequently used, approach
to school improvement. Educational Planning.23(3). pp.7-15.
Penn, C., Farnes, K. and Rahmani, F., 2017. Early Contractor Involvement (ECI) in Event
Planning and Management. EPiC Series in Education Science. 1. pp.54-61.
Howarth, T. and Greenwood, D., 2017. Construction quality management: Principles and
practice. Routledge.
Baldwin, M., 2017. Care Management and Community Care: Social Work Discretion and the
Construction of Policy: Social Work Discretion and the Construction of Policy.
Routledge.
Gálvez-Martos, J.L., and et.al., 2018. Construction and demolition waste best management
practice in Europe. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 136, pp.166-178.
Zhou, Z., Goh, Y. M. and Li, Q., 2015. Overview and analysis of safety management studies in
the construction industry.Safety science, 72, pp.337-350.
Blaisi, N.I., 2019. Construction and demolition waste management in Saudi Arabia: Current
practice and roadmap for sustainable management. Journal of Cleaner Production,221,
pp.167-175.
Online
Duties of Designers. 2019. [Online]. Available
through<https://www.aisolutions.co.uk/Community/Knowledge/Topic/9/4/Duties-of-Designers>