Development Of Construction Industry Analysis

Task 1
a) Development of construction industry and incorporation of professionalism it.
Construction industry has witnessed a considerable change over the time in terms of
height, quality of work, the pace of construction, management tools etc. Construction
industry is a labour-intensive industry a wide variety of workers are engaged in it such
as civil engineer, architect, project manager, electrical engineers, unskilled labours,
masons, etc. To manage such industry, professionalism is required to complete the
project in time, at expected cost and in accordance with specified quality.
Professionalism is incorporated in construction industry in many ways which are
mentioned below:
Professionalism in the Civil engineers: Nowadays with the help of software such as
Etabs, Safe etc. engineers can design a building with more precision. Engineers don't
have to undergo complex calculation while designing the structure and construction
pace is accelerated because lesser time is required in designing the building.
Professionalism in the Project manager: Old techniques of scheduling such as Bar
chart and milestone chart are replaced by the new ones such as Construction planning
and management tool and Project evaluation review techniques.
Software such as BIM, Revit can schedule and prepare bill of quantity too. The
project manager uses these software to schedule the work with more accuracy.
Professionalism in the Architect: Architect’s work not just technical but they have to
manage organisational politics, issue certificate, prepare design drawings, look after
health and safety issues etc. Now a day's technique of doing these tasks is more
advanced and more professional than before.
b) Link between all parties within a construction organisation
There are several types of professionals who are involved in a construction project
such as client, architect, civil engineers, electrical engineer, project manager,
mansions, skilled and unskilled labour. Directly or indirectly, they are related to each
other whatever may the type of project (public project or a private project).
When the Client decides to build an infrastructure project, client hires an architect and
specify his requirement to the architect. Architect gives civil engineer responsibility
of designing the project when the design is prepared expected cost is estimated. Price
for building the constructed project is demanded from the client. When client
accumulates, the fixed the cost construction project starts.

All kinds of professionals are hired by architect who is required in the construction
project.
c) Different types of contractual work tendered
a) Open tendering: In this type of tender, open advertisement of tender is allowed in
which necessary details, forms of tender, kind of building is mentioned in the
tender.
b) Selective tendering: in this type of tender only potential tenderer are invited for
bidding. It is of two type
i) Single-stage tendering- In this stage tenderer are shortlisted on the basis of
project preliminaries, overheads and profits and outline program.
ii) Two-stage tendering- following shortlisting of preferred tenderer of stage
One, the second stage involves negotiation with preferred tender the best
bidder becomes the winning tenderer.
c) Negotiated tendering: in this type of tendering client negotiate with the contractor
known to him earlier to arrive at an agreed tender.
For this complex project, selective tendering is preferred because only potential
tenderer can handle this complex project, and there is scope for negotiation on pricing
also.
d) Evolution of the construction industry
The construction industry is one of the oldest industries to humankind. With the
advancement of technology, it is becoming more and more complex a large number of
organisation collaborate with each other to complete a construction project such as
Engineer, Architect, Contractor, Subcontractor, Skilled and unskilled worker, contract
manager, Client etc. To manage these personals a contractual onogram must be
followed to make collaboration and communication process smooth. These days
various software also came into existence like BIM to make a complex process of
architecture, designing and contract management easier.
e) The process of designing, scheduling and cost estimation is changed a lot in recent
years. Earlier less efficient methods were used let us take an example of
Scheduling: earlier tools that were used in construction industry for scheduling of
work was limited to Milestone chart and Bar chart. But these charts have a limitation
that we cannot see the relationship between different activity this lead to the evolution

of construction planning management tool for repetitive types of project and Project
evaluation review technique for the non-repetitive type of project. Over time, new
software tools were innovated, such as BIM and many more. This software can
estimate the time required for completion of work and make schedule sequence which
finishes the project in the least possible time.
Designing: In past years engineers should have undergo hefty calculation for
designing and architect draw the manually on sheets, but the scenario is completely
changed now with the advancement of the computer. Now various softwares are
available which can design a building is a much less time, for example, Etabs, Stadd
Pro, Safe, Abascas, etc. Now design drawing can simply be made on software such as
Revit and Autocad.
Cost estimation: Accurate estimation of cost is very important because if we
underestimate the cost, then it will lead to loss and if we overestimate the cost it will
lead to decrease in credibility of contractor. Nowadays, Bill of quantity(BOQ) can
also be prepared on software such as BIM and Revit.
Impact of changed scenario:
i) Increase in quality of production
ii) Reduction in cost of production
iii) Reduction in project completion time because project scheduling is done in the
best possible way
iv) Lesser dispute because a more accurate cost estimate can be prepared now.
Task 2
a) Different types of construction industry
There are three types of construction industry namely building, infrastructure
and industrial construction industry:
i) Building construction industry: Industry having expertise in the area of
building analysis and construction are building construction industry. It is
further divided into two major types residential and non-residential building
construction industry. The non-residential building construction industry
builds structures such as schools, hospital, community centre, library etc.
ii) Infrastructure construction industry: Structure such as Highways, roads,
bridges etc. are built by this industry.