Consumption of Alcohol During Pregnancy - PDF
Added on 2021-04-24
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Disease and DisordersPublic and Global HealthHealthcare and Research
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Consumption of Alcohol During PregnancyCONSUMPTION OF ALCOHOL DURING PREGNANCYPharmacology AssignmentThe Name of the Class Professor UniversityLocationDate
Consumption of Alcohol During Pregnancy 1AbstractResearchers and scholars have been in a long debate regarding what is the safe amount of alcoholduring pregnancies. Many people including some health practitioners also find themselves in the same debate with each group supporting its views with experiments. Following this, most women find information from either side contradicting and lacking substantial evidence or details. However, despite that most women end up believing that there could be a risk in alcohol consumption while in pregnancy, recent studies show that only a few of them who abstain. The governments and health institutions also advocate for complete abstinence if a woman is planning to conceive or is pregnant. In regard to alcohol and pregnancies, there is sufficient evidence that alcohol can pass through the placenta and start interfering with the developing fetus. Despite that, different studies inform that there is an amount that could be 'safe' or has no effects on the development, and there is an amount that can have detrimental effects. Whereas both studies accept that higher amount has detrimental effects, these studies have never agreed on the 'safe' amount. This paper aims to provide more evidence that no amount is safe for a developing pregnancy.Keywords: Prenatal Exposures; Binge Drinking; Alcohol Consumption; Behavior; Neurodevelopmental, Effects;
Consumption of Alcohol During Pregnancy 2IntroductionNumerous studies have established the dangers of alcohol consumption during pregnancies. Whereas all the past studies agree that high alcohol consumption in pregnancy acts teratogenically, many controversies remain unresolved concerning the notion of ‘safe levels’ and‘moderate’ levels of use in expectant women. As all scholars have agreed that high alcohol consumption is dangerous, this study will concentrate on the remaining doubts of moderate alcohol consumption and perhaps clear the misconception and controversies held by the previousstudies. These effects of moderate drinking are expected to fall on the same nature of the observed risks of higher consumption. Some of these are the fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) in moderate drinking [CITATION Moreno2017 \l 1033]. Among these are the intrauterine growth restriction/restriction (IUGR), central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction and craniofacial features. Even though these effects are conditions are less severe than FAS, they can still affect the child. Firstly, this paper will consider the global research on the level of alcohol use among expectant women. Global Prevalence of Alcohol Use in PregnancyThe study of [CITATION Pop17 \l 1033] is the leading study in terms of the estimation of reflecting the global status regarding the use of alcohol by expectant women. This meta-analysis depicted Russia, UK, Denmark, Belarus, and Ireland as the leading countries with the uppermost estimates of prevalence alcohol use among expectant women. Also, this study showedthat the countries with the lowest prevalence were Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Kuwait, and Oman. The research also estimated the global prevalence of the consumption of any amount alcohol in the general population as 9·8%.
Consumption of Alcohol During Pregnancy 3In Africa, another study by [CITATION Pop16 \l 1033] had earlier presented a look at the prevalence of alcohol use in pregnancy in Africa. This research showed that the three countries that were leading with the highest estimate Uganda, Rwanda, and Burundi. On the other hand, the countries that had the lowest estimates in the prevalence of estimates of prevalence of alcohol use among expectant women were Guinea, Seychelles, and Algeria.In the United States, the study of [CITATION Fla14 \l 1033] presents that many a great number of women in the childbearing age highly consume alcohol during pregnancy. Accordingto[CITATION Fla14 \l 1033], the great number makes even the smallest outcomes of the prenatal alcohol use to have detrimental repercussions. The report by [CITATION Placeholder1 \l 1033]demonstrating the status at US regarding the use of alcohol among pregnant women also reflects the estimates of the rest of the world. According to this report, 51.5 percent of non-expectant were taking alcohol, and about 7.6 of the expectant women do take alcohol. The reportfurther states that binge drinking counts to an estimate of 15 percent in non-pregnant women and 1.4 percent for expectant. Among expectant women, this report estimates a prevalence of 14.3 percent for women age 35–44 years, 10 percent for college graduates, and 9.6% among employed women.In Canada, the study of [CITATION Lan \l 1033] states that one in every ten expectant women take alcohol while expectant. In addition to this, the report by [CITATION Alc \l 1033]stated that 10 percent of women who gave birth between 2006-2007 confirmed that they consumed alcohol while pregnant. In Australia, the report by [CITATION Nat09 \l 1033]provides that there are higher rates of alcohol use among pregnant women with the 2007 reporting survey found that 47 percent for national pregnant women, and 59 percent for Western Australian pregnant women.
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