Contemporary Issues in Health & Social Care - Doc

CONTEMPORARY ISSUES
IN HEALTH AND SOCIAL
CARE

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
Set out the key theories and concepts..........................................................................................1
Case study....................................................................................................................................4
Disease/health condition and service users..................................................................................4
Analysis from user involvement perspective...............................................................................4
Data regarding the disease...........................................................................................................5
Challenges for involving users.....................................................................................................6
Sociological services based on health care service......................................................................7
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

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INTRODUCTION
Communication is effective term within health and social sector. Effective
communication aids to improve interpersonal relationship between patients and doctor.
Therefore, communication in health care service is one of the crucial aspect that provide great
patient care and enhance their satisfaction. Health and Social Care services is types of treatment
that provides helps to those people who are physically unfit, and this service usually provides by
the communities (Nummela, Juujärvi and Sinervo, 2019). This is a generic term used to refer to
the whole of the healthcare provision infrastructure, public and private sector.
The present assignment is based on health and social care services. Thus, report will
cover the analysis the different theory and concepts of service users. Furthermore, report will
involve the different challenges services user faced during their treatment. Moreover, report will
describe the particular diseases and analysis the different perspective of users through relevant
data. Lastly, report will examine the sociological perspective through different models.
Analysis
Set out the key theories and concepts
User involvement
Customer in health care services — The definition of a “customer” is an individual or group of
person that obtains a variety of service or product from another person or entity in exchange for
money (Mull, 2019). Thus, in health and care sector the Customers can buy either goods or
services. Health care is classified by the government as a service industry because it provides an
intangible thing rather than an actual thing. In this sector customer generally obtain the health
care services that helps them for improve their physical stability. Thus, this customer obtains the
services by giving the money.
Patients — A patient is the most important customer of health care sector. It is the recipient of
health care services. Thus, the patients is the person who are suffered from any diseases like thy
suffered from, mentally and physical. Therefore, The patient is most often ill or injured and in
need of treatment by professional such as a physician, nurse, psychologist, dentist, veterinarian,
or other health care provider (.Higham and Phelps, 2019).
The health and social care sector provide the right services to the patients. Thus, There
are five rights the health care service provider use this to reduce the medication errors and harm.
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The right patient, the right drug, the right dose, the right route, and the right time. The
department of hospital is considered this five stage and p;provide the beat services to the
customer. Therefore, When a medication error does occur during the operation and treatments of
a medication, customer are quick to blame the nurse and accuse her/him of not completing the
five rights (Gottlieb and Alderwick, 2019). Thus, this rights is provided the knowledge to
customer when the hospital service is not performed their work properly customer blame the
hospital staffs regarding the health care services. The five rights should be accepted as a goal of
the medication process not the “be all and end all” of medication safety.
Policy context -
There are several policies' the health care sector follow these policies to protect the
customer. This policy is provided the satisfaction to customer that the hospital sector is followed
all the rules and regulation. Thus, when health and social care use this policy for protect the
customer it helps to enhance the customer loyalty towards the services as customer are easily
attracted towards the services, Thus, by following all rules and regulation, health care services
enhance their customer because customer are trusted on the services. There are few policies'
health care service follow these policies in their business to protect the customers.
Local Government and Public Involvement in Health Act (2007)
This act is describe the planning process to improve the health care services. Thus, this act is
imply in Nhs organization by discuss and consult with local people and different stakeholders in
order to improve the services by establishing the new technology and make effective planning to
develop the new services (.Garg, Homer and Dworkin, 2019). Thus, the Local Involvement
Networks (LINks), were introduced as community-based forums designed to aid the
responsiveness of health and social care services to local needs.
The Health and Social Care Act (2012)
This act is emphasizes the importance of mental health alongside physical health as it amends
section 1 of the NHS act 2006, which contains the secretary of state's duty to promote a
comprehensive health service designed to secure improvement in the physical and mental health
of the people (Elinson and Siegmann, 2019). Thus, This act is provide the security to the peso
related to the services. Thus, different communities is followed this act in the business. This act
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is designed for the purpose of provide the best and relevant services to the customer and satisfy
the needs of customer by improving the health care services.
Challenges
There are different challenges patients face during their treatment such as — Physician and nurse
shortages, Poor communication between providers, Unhealthy community, Too many avoidable
patient days. This issue is face the
Too many avoidable patient days — Due to shortage of doctors and nurses in the provider unit
and lack of communication between staffs of the unit, Patients have to wait for their chance to
get meet with the doctors and nurses. Due to poor management and disorganized work, Their
appointments get delay or misplaced with another patient's appointments. Also, they have to
stand in lines for the longer time which impacts their health as well. Due to lack of
communication, there are conflicts happening between staffs which impact the patients' health
and treatment process as well. Overall due too much avoidable days of patients, their health are
getting worsen (DeLia and Chou, 2019). To reduce this problem health care sector makes the
better plan and strategies that helps to patients that they have not waited for their chance. For
example, community provide the websites to customer, that customer use these websites and
make appointments it helps to reduce the issue of appointments.
Physician and nurse shortages — This is the biggest issue health and social care services is
affected. The victims of poor medical care are those who have to rely on government hospitals,
which are overcrowded, short-staffed and have major issue to provide for medicines and health
supplies (Cheers, 2019). Moreover, This issue is affects the and surgical equipment are
repeatedly used on different patients without adequate sterilization allowing further spread of
deadly viral infections among unsuspecting patients. Thus, to reduce this problem community
hire the nurses and also provide the best training to nurses that they serve the best services to the
customer. Thus, by recruiting the nurses, heal and social care reduce the problem of shortages.
Poor communication between providers — This is the issue regrading the poor
communication as the nurses are not clearly describe the information about the facility. Thus, the
patients who come in the hospital they face many issues like, patients stands on lines for the
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longer period because of poor communication. Thus, it leads the confusion and misunderstanding
(Barratt and Thomas, 2019). Thus, to improve the Medical services the health and social care
services recently added a new role to its facility: clinical nurse leader. "A clinical nurse leader is
the first new role in nursing in 40 years, and this is a post-masters trained nurse who is on track
like an advanced practice nurse, except their training puts them in the hospital at the bedside.
Thus, improve the bed rooms provide the best bad which comfortable for the patients.
Unhealthy community — This situation is faced manly in government hospital the
environment of community is not healthy as patients are not conferable with this environment
and it leads the unsatisfactory among the customer. Thus, this is the huge issue the UK
community faced which is unhealthy environment in the community that affects the customer
loyalty. Therefore, the dirty environment is decrease the reputation of community. In now days
people are mostly require the healthy life styles and healthy environment. Therefore, to reduce
the problem The community has raised money to sponsor local residents to improve the
environment of community.
Case study
Journal Article chosen for this is based upon mental disorder among Adolescents and
children admitted to a French psychiatric Emergency service (Boyer and et.al., 2013).
Disease/health condition and service users
Disease/health condition chosen for this is mental disorder and service users for this are
all the Adolescents and children suffering from mental disorder.
Analysis from user involvement perspective
As per this journal article most of the children and adolescent admitted to French
psychiatric Emergency service, most of them suffered from anxiety disorder. Other than anxiety
disorder, other adolescents were also suffering from schizophrenia, disorder of adult personality
and behaviour. Most of the users involved in this thought that the service and treatment provided
to them was effective however, few of them had no improvement within their condition. Most of
the service users said that there were improvement within their mental health condition and not
only this they also received significant attention from medical practitioners from past several
years. Children and adolescents received regular consultation that was required by them,
hospitalization, treatment that was required by them, other than this all the resources required by
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them was also provided to them. As per the journal article the average age of adolescents was 16
and according to their perspective they felt that there condition was continuously improving, they
were able to control their emotion. Not only this slowly they were gaining control over their
anxiety, their anger issues were also getting reduced. They were able to live their normal lives
and attend schools and normally continue their studies (Benarous and et.al., 2019). Patients with
depressive symptoms initially has suicidal tendencies, after treatment said that the level of
depression they felt before was reduced, in fact they were able to control their emotions.
Data regarding the disease
Mental disorder is a condition in which patients suffer in change in range of mental
health conditions like change in mood, behaviour, thinking and many more. Examples of mental
disorders are schizophrenia, depression, eating disorder, anxiety, addiction behaviour and many
more. It has been observed that there is no age group of patient that particular suffer from mental
illness in fact it has been observed that children from 5 years of age group to adults of any age
can suffer from mental disorders but children are more prone to such disorders if they do not get
proper environment, resources etc.
According to a statics Leon and et.al., (2017), it was observed that one in eight children
below 19 years of age suffered from mental health disorder. As per this survey it was observed
that boys were more prone to suffer from mental disorder till the age of 11 years. Between 11 to
16 years of age both the gender children were equally prone to suffer from this disease and age
group between 17 to 19 years adolescents girls are twice likely to suffer from mental health
illness. It was also observed that children suffering from mental disorder, half of them tried to
commit suicide or self harmed. Leon and et.al., (2017) also explained that the main reason for
these mental disorder among children was increasing use of social media. Most of the children
using social media suffering from mental disorder were cyber bullied or were teased. It has been
observed that children are more likely to suffer from a mental disease if their nearby
environment is not good. Another reason for this is the pressure that is given to the children in
schools or at home.
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Challenges for involving users
Metal disorder among children and adolescents is nowadays is continuously increasing
and many times it becomes hard to find main root cause of their problem. Due to this most of the
children or adolescents do not take the benefits of treatment and face many challenges. It is quite
difficult to identify the mental disorder or conditions that children are suffering from. There are
different kinds of challenges that are faced by children. Children who are obsessed with their
daily activities and its results suffer from inferiority with other people or face depression. Due to
this they lack courage in sharing their situation with others and face challenges in sharing their
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Ill
ustration 1: Children suffering from mental disorder
(Source: Increasing mental health disorder, 2019)
Illus
tration 2: Girls and boys suffering from mental disorder
(Source: Increasing mental health disorder, 2019)

condition with their medical practitioners due to uneasiness or discomfort that they feel with
others. Another challenge that children or adolescents face is due to inequalities in knowledge,
status and power. Most of the children, their families, relatives do not have much knowledge of
mental disorder and the way it can be treated (Kessler and et.al., 2015). They have least idea
related to the policies of mental health service and the treatment they should get. Due to this
many times their medical practitioners take advantage of their situation. Another challenge that
service users face is related to decision making. Most of the patients and their families have least
knowledge about their rights that they have complete authority in decision making. They are
unaware of the fact that if they do not like any kind of treatment or the process of treatment that
is being carried by the medical practitioners they have rights and can take decisions regarding it.
Sociological services based on health care service.
Doctor patients relationship- The strong relationship between the doctor and patient will lead
to have the effective and better services. It can lead to frequent quality information about the
patient disease and also provide better and improved health care. Trust promotes the efficient use
for both patients and physician time. Thus, doctor work as to maintain the confidentiality of
information of the patients. Thus, action plan must be build to have positive relationship and that
can also improve overall work environment for employees.
Medical model- It is model of health that aids to suggest the disease that is detected and
identified through systematic process of observation, differentiation and description. This is
model that refers to define about the medicines ideas and assumption about the nature of illness.
Hence, to analyse the mental illness of the person the following model can be in use as
biological, behavioural, cognitive and psychodynamic model. It is defined as approach to illness
that provide better care to patients. Thus, psychological model of mental disorder lead to mental
disorder through conjoin effects on those psychological processes. However, the social model of
disability process defines the attitude and stricture of society. Thus, with the use of model better
and improved services to the patient can be given. Therefore, medical model aids to put their
consideration on managing illness or disability. Additionally, medical model based on
assumption that drives research and theorising difficulties on basis of causation and remediation.
Medical power- This is defined as power of attorney that trust to act as agent. Henceforth,
medical power of attorney termed out as to pick the person you trust and make the decision that
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aids to take better and improved medical decision. Therefore, it defined the power that based on
medical treatment, medication, nourishment, hydration etc.
Lay perspective- The medical perspective defined as to put their major focus on biological and
psychological components that can cause abnormal behaviour. It can be treated as disease,
mental illness and diagnosed through symptoms and can be get cured with help pf treatment.
Therefore, better and improved framework must be structured to clarify the dimension of lay of
improvement in health. Henceforth, lay health beliefs are entirely sensible and reasonable and
this must be framed effectively to carry out better services for the patients. In addition to it, lay
concepts of illness and health are cover under the conceptual model that used by communities,
individual and cultures.
Inequalities- Health care inequality defined in terms to unequal distribution of economic, social,
environmental conditions in combination with number of individual factor. Thus, health
inequality majorly correlated with income inequality (10 facts on health inequities and their
causes, 2018.). Therefore, enhancement in the level of income inequality has wide and major
impact on negative long run effect on the level of GDP per capita. In addition to it, income
inequality is one of the global problem that requires global solutions. Health inequalities defined
as to find out systematically difference within the health status of different population groups
within the UK.
CONCLUSION
From the above assignment it has been summarized that there are various kinds of
challenges that are faced by service users in health service such as knowledge and status
imbalance between medical practitioners and patients. These challenges are faced by most of the
service users suffering from any kind of disease. It has been observed that there is breech in
policies. It has also been analysed that perspective of service users and medical practitioners is
completely different especially when the patient is suffering from mental disorder and when
service users are children and adolescents. Social perspective of service users and practitioners is
completely different as many times the challenges faced by servers users are not challenges for
medical practitioners, similarly it goes with the challenges faced by medial practitioners. Due to
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this doctor patient relationship is impacted, perspectives of both practitioners and service users is
changed, there is a difference in inequities and power distribution.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Benarous, X. and et.al., 2019. Changes in the use of emergency care for the youth with mental
health problems over decades: A repeated cross sectional study. Frontiers in
psychiatry. 10. p.26.
Boyer, L. and et.al., 2013. Mental disorders among children and adolescents admitted to a
French psychiatric emergency service. Emergency medicine international, 2013.
Kessler, R.C. And et.al., 2015. Anxious and non-anxious major depressive disorder in the World
Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys. Epidemiology and psychiatric
sciences. 24(3). pp.210-226.
Leon, S.L. And et.al., 2017. Child and adolescent mental health repeat visits to the emergency
department: a systematic review. Hospital pediatrics. 7(3). pp.177-186.
Barratt, J. and Thomas, N. 2019. Nurse practitioner consultations in primary health care: an
observational interaction analysis of social interactions and consultation
outcomes. Primary health care research & development, 20.
Cheers, B. 2019. Welfare bushed: Social care in rural Australia. Routledge.
DeLia, D. and Chou, J. 2019. Alternative Staffing Models to Improve Care for Complex Patients
in their Homes and other Settings: Early Findings from the Transforming Complex Care
Initiative.
Elinson, J. and Siegmann, A.E. 2019. Sociomedical health indicators. Routledge.
Garg, A., Homer, C.J. and Dworkin, P.H. 2019. Addressing social determinants of health:
challenges and opportunities in a value-based model. Pediatrics. 143(4). p.e20182355.
Gottlieb, L.M. and Alderwick, H. 2019. Integrating Social and Medical Care: Could it Worsen
Health and Increase Inequity?.The Annals of Family Medicine. 17(1). pp.77-81.
Higham, P.E. and Phelps, K. 2019. Careers of care: Survivors of traumatic brain injury and the
response of health and social care. Routledge.
Mull, J.D. 2019. Anthropology and primary health care. Routledge.
Nummela, O., Juujärvi, S. and Sinervo, T. 2019. Competence needs of integrated care in the
transition of health care and social services in Finland. International Journal of Care
Coordination. 22(1). pp.36-45.
Purnell, L.D. and Fenkl, E.A. 2019. Transcultural diversity and health care. In Handbook for
Culturally Competent Care(pp. 1-6). Springer, Cham.
Roth, G. and Reichert, M. 2019. Providing integrated health and social care for older persons in
Germany. Providing Integrated Health and Social Care for Older Persons: A European
Overview of Issues at Stake.
Sickel, A.E., Seacat, J.D. and Nabors, N.A. 2019. Mental health stigma: Impact on mental health
treatment attitudes and physical health. Journal of health psychology. 24(5). pp.586-599.
Sipilä, J. ed., 2019.Social care services: the key to the Scandinavian welfare model. Routledge.
Online
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Increasing mental health disorder. 2019. [Online]. Available through :
<https://www.theguardian.com/society/2018/nov/22/mental-health-disorders-on-rise-
among-children-nhs-figures>.
10 facts on health inequities and their causes. 2018. [Online]. Available through: <
https://www.who.int/features/factfiles/health_inequities/en/>.
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