Analyzing Tourism and Travel Studies

This literature review assignment requires students to analyze and discuss various studies and research papers related to tourism development. The review should cover topics such as medical tourism, responsible tourism, and the impact of technology on tourism. Students are expected to critically evaluate the existing literature and identify key trends and gaps in the field.

CONTEMPORARY
ISSUES IN TRAVEL
&
TOURISM

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Problems driving changes in travel and tourist sector..........................................................1
1.2 Analysing totally different problems poignant travel and touristy sector.............................2
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................3
2.1 Current trends influencing amendment in travel and tourist.................................................3
2.2 Current trends in several sector of tourist. ...........................................................................4
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................5
3.1 Response of tourist sector towards amendment....................................................................5
3.2 Strategies to respond in selected travel and tourism businesses...........................................6
3.3 Justification of strategies.......................................................................................................6
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................7
4.1 Impact of trends and issue that drive change in travel and tourism sector...........................7
4.2 Consequences of businesses failing to respond to market changes .....................................8
CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................8
REFERENCE...................................................................................................................................1

INTRODUCTION
There are various types of problem which are arises during exploration of business
related to travel and tourism (Connell, 2013). This business is exploring with high speed due to
implementation of new and innovative technology in business of travel and tourism. These
technology aids to perform different activities in effective manner. Travel and tourism industry
has different types of problem due to implementation of new technology proper manner because
employee working in the organisation are not able to accept these changes while performing
various types of activities in in organisation. Management needs to invest extra capital to provide
effective training in order to enhance their skills and knowledge. It helps to create interest among
the employee to perform their work in effective manner. This report is based on the impact of
new and innovative methods that help in developing business organisation. This is also including
different trends which are used for expansion of business to attain high level of profit of the
organisation.
TASK 1
1.1 Problems driving changes in travel and tourist sector.
Travel and tourism industry is expanding with high speed across the globe. Advancement
in technology play an important role to develop business organisation in stipulated time period.
Due to these development this sector faces various types of problems which affect business
internally and externally (Moutinho and Vargas-Sanchez, 2018). So organisation needs to
consider the cause of different problems to implement effective strategies so various issues can
be resolved in appropriate time. The management needs to provide effective training to newly
recruited employee. This helps to create effective environment in the organisation to perform
different operation in proper manner. The problems which is faced by organisation is given
below:
Technological advancement: Due to advancement in technology lots of modification is
being done by the management of travel and tourism organisation. Due to these advancement
organisation changes various types of dimensions of tourism. Taking example of airlines which
provide airline service at affordable price so that large number of customer can be attracted by
travel and tourism organisation. Travel and tourism industries communicate with the different
customer to communicate with them in order to provide various offers about the travelling
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package. Due to advancement in technology industries provide facilities of pre booking of hotels
and airlines so that these industries can provide various types of facilities to their customers. The
travelling and tourism industries collaborate with the low cost airline in order to fix the pre
booking of flights for the tourist who are coming from abroad. Taking example of low cost
airline and other airline which provide aviation facilities to different visitor which come from
abroad. Low cost airline provide good facilities at affordable price in respect to other airlines
industries (Wachowiak, 2016).
Augmented environmental awareness: The business square industries measure the effect
of changes in various types of activities due to technological advancement. It also measures the
awareness of natural conditions. Due to expansion of travel and tourism sector the rate of
population is increased. So organisation needs to get awareness to the customer to put their effort
to safeguard the natural surroundings.
Augmented security: Providing security is the most important factor for the individuals
and its relations. Before starting different types of travelling industries the visitor first determines
the level of safety which is given by country and the organisation which provide travel and
tourism facilities. For this organisation and government invest lot of capital at national and
international level in order to provide different types of security to the tourists. UK limits the
number of Muslims entry in various boundaries of territory of country dues to safety region.
1.2 Analysing totally different problems poignant travel and touristy sector.
There are different factors which are faced by travel and tourism industries. These factors
hinder the performance of travel and tourism industries. These factors reduce the profit levels of
different industries which are related to the travel and tourism industries. In order to remove
these factor, it is necessary to implement various strategies in order to resolve these factor:
Political factor: Organisation needs to follow the rules and regulation which is made by
the government. Travel and tourism industries faces lots of political issues in order to establish
the business (Spenceley, 2012).
Economical factor: This is most important factor for starting of new venture which are
related to the distribution of funds for starting the venture. Due to cause of inflation the travel
and tourism industries not able to generate large amount of revenue in proper manner.
Social factor: This factor is concerned with the people living in the area of tourism place
and they supposed to interact with them. Sometimes it happens people living in the area get
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quarrel from the visitors. These act give impact on the tourist they did not want to visit that place
again.
Technological factor: Implementation of new and advance technology impact different
travel and tourism industries. Due to implementation of these technology employee working in
the organisation do not able to accept the changes. It leads to reduce the performance of the
company.
Environmental Factor: This factor related to provide effective environment to the tourist
who are coming from abroad. If any terrorist activity occurs, then various tourist does not want
to visit that place (Carlisle and et. al., 2013).
Taking example of India and Romania
India Romania
Indian government provide various types of
facilities to travel and tourism companies in
order to generate large number of revenues.
Government also impose high interest rate to
the foreign visitor on changing currency. This
change is being done by the travel and tourism
industries itself so it helps to maximise the
level of profit.
The Romanian government is not able to
control over the travel and tourism industries.
As the interest rate of currency change is low
and there is lack of security. Foreign visitors do
not want to visit the place. There is less
number of travel and tourism industries in
Romania so it is also cause of less attraction
toward the nation.
TASK 2
2.1 Current trends influencing amendment in travel and tourist.
There are different types of tourist activities which plays a significant role in introducing
different types of trends in proper manner. Foreign visitor travel from one place to another place
to interact with different place. These trends aids to attract large number of customer in order to
generate large number of customer. These trends are given below: Adventurous tourist: In present era this is new trends of travel and tourism. The visitor
takes interest to visit new place and gather effective information about the different place.
In India there are different types of approaches which are used to build such place which
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are implemented by the organisation. Where as in Romania the travelling agency took
various measures in order to attract large number of customer and take various initiatives
steps to visit those place who have attain lot of spirit. Sports tourism- This types of tourism is implemented by the travel and tourism industries
basically for youth. In UK most of the visitor pay an appropriate amount to play different
types of games and different sports activities in different locations. There are various
factors which influence the above mentioned tourism. In India this trends used to attract
large number of customer in stipulated time period. Travelling agency start different
types of outdoor games and indoor games which helps to attract large number of tourists.
Whereas in Romania starts different types of sports facilities to different travellers. This
helps to generate large number of customer in effective manner. Spiritual Tourism: In present time due lot of work burden and stress people are mentally
disturb so they attracted to this type of tourism. As India is first choice made by the
different visitor in order to get relax and feels free from their stress (Hall, 2013). In India
as foreign people believes that there is lot of spirit in India so they visit the place this
trends is ascertain by the organisation in order to generate large number of employee.
Whereas in Romania the travelling agency implement this trends to attract large number
of people of organisation.
 Health Tourism: As India have a decent art called Yoga. As this art is solution of
different health issues and in present time people are suffering from different types of
health issues. So people wants to join such types of tourism by which various issues can
resolve by these tourisms. In Romania there are different types of classical trends which
are used by the organisation in order to provoke the travellers to visit the company.
There is some other factor like currency change, sustainability, which influence the travel
and tourism sector in UK. Government took various types of initiative steps in order to resolve
these issues in order to explore the business of travel and tourism.
In Romania government implement different types of strategies which are give impact
on the tourist. Romania implement different types of strategies which are used to attract large
number of customer in effective manner. Where as in India the government implement trends of
Yoga which is likely by the people. Lots tourist come hear to learn yoga which aids to solve
various types of health issues related problems.
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2.2 Current trends in several sector of tourist.
It is very essential for organisation to determine the existing trends of market which are
takes place in the marketplace. Organisation put their effort in order to find effective solution for
these problems. By this process the organisation can identify various types of problems in
effective manner. British Airways implement approach of Niche market to inculcate with current
trend of market. This theory helps to fulfil the desire and want of different visitor. To determine
current market trends organisation, implement different techniques which helps to collect
information in effective manner.
 Primary
 Secondary
 Quantitative
 Qualitative
These process help to gather effective information about the market and customer desire.
These methods aids manager of organisation in decision making process in systematic process.
To improve the performance of the travel and tourism industries there are some factor which is
determine by the British Airways so that organisation can provide effective service: Adventure tourism Eco tourism Sport tourism Medical
 All these niche tourist market, provide more fun and visit different types of places
with their friends and their family member (Stone, 2011). It helps to capture larger
number of share in marketplace. In order to achieve goals and objectives of the
organisation the manager needs to conduct different types of adventitious tourism in
order to fulfil needs and want of customer. British airways implement these strategies to
control different functions of organisation and attain effective outcome. The current trend
in India to build new tourist spot which aid to attract large number of customer. They use
different types of trends which are used by the Indian government to attract large number
of customer. Where as in Romania, government and travel agency take various types of
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new trends which attract large number of customer. These trends are like implementation
of new techniques to promote the business in effective manner.
TASK 3
3.1 Response to change
In order to cope up with the increase in demand the tourism sector has reacted positively to
the required changes. So organisation implement different types strategies in order to attract
large number of customer to maximize level of profit for the organisation. To establish
sustainable position in the marketplace the manager of British airways modifies different
strategies which impact various function of organisation. There are different traditional methods
which are used by the industries of travel and tourism but these methods not capable to attain
large amount of profit for the organisation. So manager of organisation implements modern
approach in order to attain effective information which is related to various types of business
activity besides the visitor as per their demand made by them. So management implement
various approach like taking help of internet social media and many other tools. It is more
important for international airline determine different factors in order to provide effective service
to different visitors in order to generate large number of revenue.
Technological changes: Organisation implement different types of technology like online
booking facilities in order to make tourism very attractive and also able to generate large number
of revenues. It helps to perform different types of functions in effective manner.
Socio economic change: this sector needs to implement different change as per the nature and
wants of different views of customer in effective manner.
Changes consumer preferences: organisation should implement different types of
modifications as per the views given by the customer. This leads to generate large number of
revenues of organisation (Standing, Tang-Taye and Boyer, 2014).
3.2 Strategies to respond in selected travel and tourism businesses
Any change in the environment of organisation give impact in direct and indirect manner.
Manager of organisation prepare different type of strategies in order to gain positive outcome of
the implemented outcome. Manager needs determine long and short term goals of organisation at
regular basis. So these strategies can execute in proper manner. It helps to attain goals and
objectives of organisation. ING and British Airways comprises of 500 aircraft and holds
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effective position in UK. It generate more revenue than any other aviation company. So British
Airways needs to implement some changes in policies to stand before different rivals.
The British airways implement different types of strategies which attract large number of
customer in effective manner. It implement targetting strategies which aid to target the customer
on the basis of destination where the tourist go for the destination for travelling purposes.
Company also implement positioning strategies which leads to attract large number of customer
in the marketplace. It collaborate with the different travelling agency which maximise the
level of profit of company. It also implement marketing mix strategies which helps to promote
various travelling offers to different customer. This aids to increase the productivity of company
As this company expand its service in various nation in order to attain top level of
company. British operate in the business segments such as passenger and cargo segment. This
company give different types of strategies which are implemented during performing different
types of functions of organisation in proper manner.
3.3 Justification of strategies
There are different types of strategies which can be implemented by British Airways to
handle different implication of the marketplace. Effective utilisation of different types of tools
and techniques aids to fulfil the needs of customer. Implementation of effective strategies and
policies can help manager to guide different types of activities it helps to achieve goals and
objectives of organisation. There is various factor such as change in demand of customer, tax,
and many other which are determine by different manager in order to perform various types of
function of organisation. These changes impact at low extent as well as large extent on different
function of business (Pearce, and et. al., 2013).
International Airways: the main objectives of the company to generate large number of revenue
and also satisfy the want of different customer. The management of International Airways do not
able to control the changes. The management decided to adopt two techniques which helps to
identify the condition of market. Module of PESTEL is determine to identify the factors which
impact the various operation of business. Organisation should focus on to give god variety of
products as per the choice made by the customer.
Lberia: This organisation implements various element of marketing mix in proper
manner in order to attain goals and objectives of organisation. Lberia implement different types
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of technology in order to fulfil demand of the different customer. So it is necessary for the
organisation to put its efforts to attain goals and objectives of organisation and stand before the
various rivals present in the marketplace ( Rogerson, 2012). So organisation determine various
factors which helps to attain profit and able to sustain strong position in marketplace.
Implementation of various types of changes leads to attain large amount of market share in
effective manner. It also helps to enhance the skills and knowledge of employees working in the
organisation. It also helps to satisfy the needs and demand made by the customer. These changes
help to determine various issues which are arises during performing various types of functions in
effective manner. The manager of organisation needs to implement effective strategies in order
to solve the various issues. It helps to generate large number of revenues in effective manner.
TASK 4
4.1 Impact of trends and issue that drive change in travel and tourism sector
There are different types of problems which affect the environment of organisation
indirect and direct manner. Myla is organisation which provide travelling facilities to various
offices present in UK (Molz, 2012). It provides qualitative service to their consumer in order to
attain the level of satisfaction of customer. Implementation of various changes is one of the most
for the organisation to explore different types of function in proper manner. There is different
area where the modification can be explaining is describe below:
 Change in structure: if any modification occurs in company so that it impacts whole
different business function. For example, if any organisation merge with other
organisation in order to increase its capability to perform different types of activities in
effective manner. This helps to capture large number of market shares in the
marketplace. And also it helps to attain goals and objectives of organisation (Frohlick,
2012). Employment Level: Every working processes of organisation is directly impacted by
the labours working in the organisation. When organisation implement some changes in
process of organisation then management needs to conduct different training session to
enhance skills and knowledge of employee and also increase the productivity of
organisation. It is very essential for the manager to communicate with their employees
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in order to know their various problems while performing different types of operation in
organisation (Chuang, and et. al., 2014).
 Technology: Implementation of new and innovative technology aids to enhance the
level of profitability of organisation in proper manner.
4.2 Consequences of businesses failing to respond to market changes
Travel and tourism is the leading company in order to generate large number of profit in
effective manner. It also provides qualitative service to their different customer. In order to get
profit in the hospitality sector it is very essential for organisation to provide better service to the
customer (Lamsfus, and et. al., 2013). It is very important to consider the changes these
modifications in effective manner. There are different consequences which are explains by the
organisation is mentioned below:
If the organisation does not give qualitative service, then number of customer reduced
and they start adopting another firm this reduce the level of profit of organisation. It does not
able to stand before the different rivals present in the marketplace. It also reduces the number of
shares in the marketplace.
Due to modification it detains the strong relationship between different employee
working in the organisation. It also gives negative impact of the various supplier of the
organisation. So that they can stop the supply of the materials which leads to decrease the quality
of different products and services at marketplace (Williams, and Lew, 2014).
CONCLUSION
From the mentioned report it has been assumed that various factors give impact on the
different types of function which are operated by the industries related to travel and tourism. It is
very essential for organisation to recognise different factor which hinders the performance of
different activities which is determine by the organisation as well as customer towards the
different products and services. When visitor visits the various place then they face different
types of problems by the visitor. So the management needs to determine those issues and
implement different strategies in order to resolve those various issues in proper manner. These
strategies help to attain goals and objectives of organisation. In other hand there are different
type strategies and plan which are implemented by the organisation to determine the various
modification takes place in order to attract large number of customers and also attain large
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number of profits in proper manner. So that all function can be accomplish in stipulated time
period. These strategies help to modernise the structure of organisation in order to perform
various activities in effective manner.
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REFERENCE
Books and journals
Carlisle, S., and et. al., 2013. Supporting innovation for tourism development through multi-
stakeholder approaches: Experiences from Africa. Tourism Management. 35. pp.59-69.
Chuang, T. C., and et. al., 2014. The main paths of medical tourism: From transplantation to
beautification. Tourism Management. 45. pp.49-58.
Connell, J., 2013. Contemporary medical tourism: Conceptualisation, culture and
commodification. Tourism Management. 34. pp.1-13.
Frohlick, S., 2012. Sexuality, women, and tourism: Cross-border desires through contemporary
travel. Routledge.
Hall, C. M., 2013. Wine, food, and tourism marketing. Routledge.
Lamsfus, C., and et. al., 2013. Conceptualizing context in an intelligent mobile environment in
travel and tourism. In Information and communication technologies in tourism 2013
(pp. 1-11). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Molz, J. G., 2012. Travel connections: Tourism, technology, and togetherness in a mobile world.
Routledge.
Moutinho, L. and Vargas-Sanchez, A. eds., 2018. Strategic Management in Tourism, CABI
Tourism Texts. Cabi.
Pearce, P. L., and et. al., 2013. Contemporary experiences of Chinese tourists in Italy: An on-site
analysis in Milan. Tourism Management Perspectives. 7. pp.34-37.
Rogerson, C. M., 2012. The tourism-development nexus in sub-Saharan Africa-progress and
prospects. Africa Insight. 42(2). pp.28-45.
Spenceley, A., 2012. Responsible tourism: Critical issues for conservation and development.
Routledge.
Standing, C., Tang-Taye, J. P. and Boyer, M., 2014. The impact of the Internet in travel and
tourism: A research review 2001–2010. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing. 31(1).
pp.82-113.
Stone, P. R., 2011. Dark tourism: Towards a new post-disciplinary research agenda.International
Journal of Tourism Anthropology. 1(3-4), pp.318-332.
Wachowiak, H. ed., 2016. Tourism and borders: contemporary issues, policies and international
research. Routledge.
Williams, S. and Lew, A. A., 2014. Tourism geography: Critical understandings of place, space
and experience. Routledge.
Online
Ralph, G., 2016. Visit Britain reports increase in volume and value of inbound tourism in 2015.
[Online]. Available through:
<https://www.hospitality-interiors.net/news/articles/2016/01/457364505-visitbritain-
reports-increase-volume-and-value-inbound-tourism-2015>. [Accessed on 16th October
2017].