Contemporary Management Issues: A Case Study of Argos Organisation
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This report focuses on the case study of Argos organisation and examines the key dynamic forces impacting on business and society, evaluation of such forces in effective strategic decision making, decision making tools to address contemporary drivers for change, and more.
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Contemporary Management Issues
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Table of Contents INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3 MAIN BODY..................................................................................................................................3 Key dynamic forces.....................................................................................................................3 Critical evaluation of relationship between forces in decision making.......................................5 Evaluation of organisation’s responses to dynamic forces..........................................................7 Decision making tools.................................................................................................................8 Contemporary management issues............................................................................................10 CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................12 REFRENCES.................................................................................................................................13
INTRODUCTION Contemporarymanagementissuesrefertoissuethataffectspeopleworkinginan organisation. These issues remain unresolved and it is not good for growth of company. There are some management issues which is faced by managers like, uncertainty about the future, regulations and compliance, shaping company culture, recruiting and selecting employees, wellbeing of workers etc. These are some management issues which is faced by organisation (Tomislav, 2018). This report will lay emphasis upon case study of Argos organisation. Argos is a retail industry which was founded in year 1972 by Richard Tompkins. It serves United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland. It provides consumer products and good quality products are delivered to consumers. Sainsbury is a public limited company founded in year 1869. It is also a retail industry which provides consumer products and serves area of United Kingdom. The report examines, key dynamic forces impacting on business and society, evaluation of such forces in effective strategic decision making. Further, decision making tools to address contemporary drivers for change. Evaluation of an organisation response to dynamic forces in contemporary business world. Application of effect of corporate response to contemporary management issues and analysis of relevant theory to support identification. MAIN BODY Key dynamic forces There are some key dynamic forces impacting on business and society like, technical, political, economic and social forces. In this fast moving world, competition is increasing and every organisation want to earn profit so they make better plans and face contemporary issues. Technology is changing rapidly and it is difficult for organisation to implement new machines. Nowadays, choice of customer is changing and they want new & innovative product so that their needs can be satisfied. For manages of a company, it is difficult to identify taste and preference of consumers and make products accordingly. Dynamic forces impact business and society because trends are changing and customers want good quality products at low prices (Perera, 2017). PESTLE Analysis
Every firm want to earn profit by creating good image in market and providing quality products at low prices. Key dynamic forces are, technology, social, political and economic force. These forces are faced by every organisation because it is common and managers have to make plans or strategies so that they can perform better than others and gain competitive advantage in market. It is essential to find solution of problems face by company and focus on accomplishing goals and objectives of company. Political force- Political force is another important dynamic force that means some rules and regulations which is made by government and organisations have to follow it. Political force impact business and society because if rules are applied in an organisation then it satisfies needs of employees and create positive image in minds of customers (Nandonde, 2019). In Sainsbury company, rules and regulations are applied which is followed by every employee and it helps in creating positive & healthy environment within the company. Economic force- Economic force means factors which help managers to determine competitor’s strategy or plans. It is essential to identify factors that can affect performance of company and make better plans to gain competitive advantage and build good image in market. In economic forces some factors are included like, unemployment level, inflation rate etc. This is one of the key dynamic force which can be an issue for managers (Namany, Al-Ansari and Govindan, 2019). Managers of Sainsbury company conduct market analysis before making any plan or strategy so that they can perform better than other companies and create positive image in minds of customers. For achieving targets, it is important to identify plans or strategies which is applied by competitor’s. Social force- Social force affect business as firms have to make products as per the needs of people living in society so that their needs can be satisfied and more revenue can be generated by company. For gaining competitive advantage in market, managers have to provide good quality products to customers and satisfy their needs. Products should be made after analysing market situation and choice of customers because it helps in earning more profit (Islam and Mamun, 2017). So, this is a challenge for managers of Argos company to make good products which satisfy needs of people living in society. Technology force– change in technology is one of the main dynamic force that affect firms day by day and for all firms it is not possible to buy new machines for making innovative and creative products. This force affects society also because people want good quality products at
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low prices and they think that with help of technology new products can be made (Phan, 2021). Technology reduces cost of production and selling price of product is also low. Managers of Argos company want to produce products at low prices so that they can generate more revenue and build good image in market. Legal force- It means to apply some rules and laws which is made by government so that employees can work efficiently. Legal force helps in maintaining equality in organisation and all workers focus on achieving targets. In Argos and Sainsbury company, laws are applied to maintain equality. Legal force has impact on business and society because when laws are applied in an organisation then employees are satisfied and work efficiently. So, it is essential to apply laws so that work can be done in systematic way and employees are satisfied. For accomplishing targets, managersshould satisfy needs of employeesand apply laws(Christodoulou and Cullinane, 2019). Environmental force: in past few years awareness about environment has increased. Due to this various environmental acts and polices have been developed that has become important for Argos to be adhered. It is one of the main driving force that can affect both busiess and society. This because non adherence of these environmental acts and policies that results in facing legal issues by organization and can affect society such as increasing CO2 emission can increase pollution ad affect society. In the given case study, Sainsbury have been boosted by its takeover of catalogue retailer Argos. Cost saving improved profits, while adding outlets of Argos in Sainsbury store increase trading intensity. According to chief executive of Sainsbury company, grocery market remained “extremely competitive” because generally most of the companies are involved in grocery business. In early summer availability of stock has been bumpy but now it is normal. In case study it is mentioned that reducing cost increases profit. It is essential to focus on reducing cost of production and increase profit of company. When products are provided to customers at reasonable price then it creates positive image in minds of customers. For accomplishing goals and objectives of company, it is important to determine dynamic forces and make plans accordingly. This helps company in satisfying needs of customers and perform better than others. Porters five force analysis In order to identify main driving force that can affect business of Argos porters five force model can be used:
Bargaining powers of buyers: threat of this force for Argos is high because there are various competitors in this industry. If Argos do not maintain their quality, quantity and pricing of products and services as per the competition then it can directly result in losing buyers. This is because buyers can get better option for desired products and services from competitors. This can affect business drastically(Goyal, 2020). Threat of substitute product: threat of this force is also high for Argos because there are various substitute products available in market for buyers that can affect overall business of Argos. Bargaining power of supplier: threat of this force is low for Argos because there are various suppliers available in the market who can readily provide required markets to Argos in lower price with high quality. So impact of this force upon business of Argos is lower. Threat of new entrant: threat of this force for Argos is lower because economies of scale for new entrant is high because of which its impact upon business can get reduced. Industry rivalry: Threat of this force for business of Argos is high because existing competition because of competitors in the market in which Argos operate is high that can affect business of Argos directly. Globalization:Globalization refers to the process of the interaction and integration between business entities on an international level(Burlacu, Gutu and Matei, 2018). Argos company needs to focus more on its globalization strategy as it can help the company to grow and develop its business on a global platform. Globalization can provide numerous benefits to the company. It can help the comp-any to wider its customer base, enhance its product reach and increase its brand awareness among global customers. However, there are many barriers which Argos can face in the implementation of globalization. It includes loss of cultural identity, foreign work exploitation, international legislation and incurring tariffs and export fees etc. Innovation barriers:Innovation propose many challenges to the company(Ávila and et.al., 2017). Theses barriers can include security issues, budgeting, additional costs and limited time. These barriers can become a hurdle in the way of innovations in Argos. Another barrier in innovation which the company might face is the lack of investments and funding. Innovation
Innovation is the important element for earning profit for an organisation. Managers should analysemarketsituationandmakechangesaspertherequirement.Innovationhelpsin improving productivity, reduced cost, increased competitiveness. It improves brand recognition and value in an organisation. Innovation helps in increasing new partnership and relationship, increased turnover and improved profitability. Sainsbury company is making new and innovative product so, Argos company can earn more profit. Innovation helps in increasing sales of company and creates positive image. Nowadays, people want new and innovative product so managers of Argos company should identify need of people and according to that plans should be made so that needs of customers can be satisfied. Innovation propose many challenges to the company(Ávila and et.al., 2017). Theses barriers can include security issues, budgeting, additional costs and limited time. These barriers can become a hurdle in the way of innovations in Argos. Another barrier in innovation which the company might face is the lack of investments and funding. Critical evaluation of relationship between forces in decision making Dynamic forces have positive as well as negative impact on an organisation’s functions and decision making. These forces help in effective strategic decision making process and better plans can be made for achieving targets of company. It is the responsibility of managers to identify all the factors and make strategy which is beneficial for growth and development of organisation (Merendino and et.al., 2018). Managers should take decision after analysing market situation and determining choice of customers. Technologicalforcehelpsindeterminingaboutnewtechnologybywhichcostof production can be reduced and helps in building good image in market. Change in technology or introduction of new technology can affect decision making of organisation. It has positive impact on organisation as with the help of latest technology more revenue can be generated (Devi and Devaki, 2019). Technology can affect decision making of an organisation because it helps in completing work more efficiently and better products can be provided to customers. Technology affects decision making of managers as culture, environment and efficiency of Argos company. When work is done by machines then employees become lazy and they are not focusing on achieving goals and objectives of company. Competition is increasing day by day and if company want to earn more profit then they have to apply new technology. This may affect
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decision of managers because may be they made plans according to old machine. So, it is difficult for manager to make new plans or strategies and they have to face problem. Political force affect decision making of managers because government can change policies anytime. For example, if Argos company want to expand their business in other country and make plans accordingly but government make some changes in trade barriers, tax policy, trade restriction etc. then managers has to make plans and strategies according to new policies and rules. So, this may affect decision making and managers have to face issues which may affect overall performance of company (Gökalp and et.al., 2021). Economicforceaffectdecisionmakingofcompanyasitincludes,inflationrate, unemployment level and many other factors. For instance, Argos company want to open new branch but due to increasing competition they are not able to open branch. Demand of product also affect decision making because if demand of product is decreasing then managers have to make new plans and identify choice of customers so that product can be made accordingly. When demand of product increases then company hires more employees and when demand decreases then they terminate employees. This affect unemployment rate and overall growth rate of country is affected. So, managers should identify all the factors before taking any decision and take correct decision which is beneficial for all (Nibbelink and Brewer, 2018). Legal force affect decision making as when laws are applied then employees can work efficiently and goals can be accomplished. Laws and rules helps in satisfying need of employees and they work efficiently to achieve targets. Laws help in maintaining equality at the workplace and there is no discrimination among employees on the basis of gender, race, caste etc. With the helps of law and rules, managers can take decision quickly and fair decision is being taken. Laws have negative impact also as sometimes when managers apply laws and changes are made by government then managers have to make new policies and plans. Social force affect decision making of company because products are made according to choice of customers. Nowadays, choice of people is changing rapidly so, it is difficult to identify which type of product people want. This is an issue which is faced by managers because people want new and innovative product. For instance, if Argos company want to open new branch then managers have to identify choice of customers. Due to increasing competition, trends and choice of consumer is changing.
So, dynamic forces like, political, economic, social, technological and legal affect decision making. So, managers of Argos company should take decision after analysing all these forces and take decision which is beneficial for growth and development of organisation. It is important to make good plans or strategies so that goals and objectives of company can be accomplished. Evaluation of organisation’s responses to dynamic forces There are dynamic forces which affect decision making and working of company. It is the responsibility of managers to handle all issues and identify market situation before making any plan or strategy so that goals can be accomplished. Managers of Argos company should determine all the factors and make plans accordingly. In this contemporary business world, it is difficult to run business and gain competitive advantage. All the organisation want to generate profit and for that they have to manufacture new and innovative product to satisfy needs of customers. It is essential to provide good quality products to customers at low price as compare to competitors (Bieber and et.al., 2018). For achieving goals and objectives , managers should focus on trends in market and at the time of making plans keep all the points in mind. Managers should find solution of problem and be ready to face challenges. In this competitive world, it is not easy for an organisation to survive so, proper planning must be done so that there will be less chance of mistake and goals can be accomplished. Nowadays, every firm want to gain competitive advantage in market and for that they are performing better than others. Managers identify all the factors that can affect performance of firm and try to find solution. Now, companies are applying different tools and techniques for determining market situation and strategy applied by competitors. Managers of Argos company face political force as they have identified all the factors that can affect their performance and make plans or strategies accordingly like, restriction of trade, how much tax is to be paid, amount of tariff barrier to be paid by Argos company. Managers want to expand their business in other country so before expanding business they identify all the factors that can affect their business. After analysing all points like, trade restriction, tax policy, tariff barrier and others they implement their plan and expand business. Companies are responding positively to political force by identifying tax policies of government, trade restrictions, tariff barriers (Gošnik and Kavčič, 2021). For overcoming economic force, Argos would make financial plans in advance and make second plan also so that business cannot be affected. Every firm want to generate revenue by
satisfying needs of customers and provide them good quality products. To overcome economic factors managers determine financial priorities, use tools and techniques so that they can perform better and accomplish goals and objectives of company. In this contemporary business world, technology is changing rapidly and it is not easy for managers to purchase new machines. Now, to face this situation managers of firm are firstly determining choice of customers and market situation. After conducting market analysis, they decide which product is to be made and on the basis of that machine is purchased. With the change in environment, managers learn how to deal with technology. Training is provided to employees so that they can work efficiently on new machines. Technological factor is one of the important factor because this is used for making good quality products. Managers implement technology which is beneficial for company and has less cost of production. Employees should make efficient use of resources and run machines properly so that work can be completed on time and goals of company can be accomplished ((Capobianco and et.al., 2021). Response of organisation towards legal force is like all firms are applying laws which is necessary such as, equality law, fair wages, data protection etc. These are some important laws which an organisation should apply to avoid issues or problems. Legal force help in handling legal issues in an organisation and good decision can be taken. Social force affects performance of a company as choice of customers is changing day by day. So, to overcome this issue manager nowadays, identify trends and culture in market and make plans accordingly. In the given case study of Argos, technology is applied which is cost saving so that more profit can be generated (Moghtadernejad, Chouinard and Mirza, 2020). For achieving goals, it is important to focus on satisfying need of customers and provide them good quality products at low prices. Political issue which is faced by Argos company is Brexit posed a challenge, since 30% of goods that Sainsbury sold came from the EU. In early summer, availability of stock was bumpy and normal in other seasons. So, these are some issues which is faced by organisation but they face challenges and run business. Decision making tools There are some decision making tools which can be applied by an organisation to address contemporary drivers for change are, SWOT analysis, decision making diagram, force field analysis and decision matrix. It is important for an organisation to apply decision making tools so that better decisions can be taken which is beneficial for growth for company. It is essential to
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use some tools and techniques because it helps in making better plans and present things in differentway.Thishelpsmanagersintakinggooddecisionandgoalsoffirmcanbe accomplished (Ishizaka and Siraj, 2018). Decision making tools which can be applied by managers of Argos company are, Swot analysis, decision making diagram and force field analysis. Swot analysis- It means to identify strength, weakness, opportunity and threats of organisation and of competitor. This helps managers in taking good decision and perform better than others. It is important for an organisation to determine strengths, weakness, opportunity and threat so that plans can be made accordingly and goals can be accomplished. Strength means positive points of an organisation which is better than others and help in gaining competitive advantage in market. Strength of a company is beneficial in growth and development of firm. Weakness means negative points or area in which improvement is required. opportunities refer to find areas for growth of company and more revenue can be generated (Leiber, Stensaker and Harvey, 2018). Managers of Argos company are responsible for identifying growth opportunities in market and make plans accordingly. Threats means to determine competitors which can affect performance of business. In this competitive world, there are many firms providing similar type of products, so managers of Argos company should identify threats and make better plans to achieve targets. Decision making diagram-Another tool of decision making which can be applied by an organisation so that good decision can be taken. Decision making diagram includes six steps i.e., follow through, clarity, gather facts, brainstorms, pros and cons and last step is to decide. With the help of this tool better decision can be taken. Firstly, managers should follow then define problem or clear all the things. After clarity next step is to gather relevant facts related to issue. After collecting relevant information, next step is brainstorming. It means to share ideas and knowledge so that problem can be solved. After completing this step, next is to find pros and cons of different options so that best one can be selected out of it. Last stage is to take final decision which is beneficial for growth of Argos company (Yao, Wang and Wang, 2020). Force field analysis- Force field analysis refers to basic tool for doing analysis. This technique is based on assumption and from this decision can be taken. Force field analysis helps to think about pressure in favour or against decision. Managers of Argos company can apply force field analysis to take decision and there is a process for conducting force field analysis. In this process there are six steps which can be used by managers of Argos company for growth and
development of firm. First step is to assess the current situation, it means to identify present situation of organisation. This helps in thinking about solutions which can be used to solve problem. Second step is to define the objective, it means determine objective that company want to achieve. It helps in making plans or strategies according to set objectives (Hasangholi Pour and et.al., 2019). Third stage of force field analysis id to identify driving forces so that better plans can be made and good decision can be taken. Fourth step is to identify restraining forces, after that evaluate forces so that good decision can be taken. Last step of force field analysis is to create an action plan. Corporate social responsibilityrefers to management in which companies integrate social and environmental concerns. Almost all the companies are contributing some amount of their profit for social development. This helps in creating good image in market. Sainsbury company is giving some amount from profit for development of society. Corporate social responsibility helps in enhancing positive relationship with customers, increases profit of company. It helps in encouraging professional and personal growth. It is essential for an organisation to give some amount of profit to society because company is taking resources from society and it is their responsibility to give society back. Managers of Argos company should give some amount to corporate social responsibility so that they can attract more customers and good image can be created in market. Corporate social responsibility helps in controlling cost and improving company’s brand. This helps in attracting people and goals of organisation can be accomplished. Corporate social responsibility helps in facilitating long term financial success and beneficial in growth of organisation.There are many barriers in corporate social responsibility such as lack of awareness of stakeholders, lack of information and financial resources and lack of training. Stakeholder playa crucial role in an organisation because all the decision is taken after discussing it with stakeholder. It is essential to take necessary decisions so that company can earn more profit and it is beneficial in achieving goals and objectives. Stakeholders are having more experience and knowledge and they can suggest better ideas for achieving targets of company. Stakeholders can suggest changes which is required to be done so that there will be no issue in accomplishing targets. Stakeholder interest:Stakeholder interest refers to the interests of individual who have interest in the success of business entity. There are many stakeholders in Argos including
management,customersandemployees.Everystakeholderhavedifferentinterestinthe company(McGrath and Whitty, 2017). However, there are many barriers to the stakeholders of companies such as Argos. They include non-cooperative attitude of the stakeholders, failure to identify potential conflict areas, poor knowledge of stakeholder management and its i9nability to identify stakeholders needs and demands. Cross cullture:In an organisation people are recruited from different countries and there is difference in their language and way of doing people. All the employees are having different way of thinking and this creates misunderstanding among employees. cross cultural barriers such as, anxiety, uncertainity or any other problem. There are differences in values and beliefs in cultures due to which organisation has to face problem. It is the responsibility of manager to provide safe and healthy environment to employees and there should be proper communication so that goals can be accomplished. It is important to have proper communication among workers attheworkplacesothattargetscanbeachievedandtherewillbelesschancesof misunderstanding or confusion. The companies faces many cross cultural barriers which might include uncertainty, communicational barriers, stereotyping and prejudice. These barriers can propose various challenges to the Argos company. These barriers can impact international strategies and pose a challenge in its international growth. Effective communication:Effective communication refers to the ability to transfer or convey idea or information from one person to another(Stacho and et.al., 2019). Effective communication is vital for Argos as it can help the company to foster healthy relationships with its staff and stakeholders.However there are many barriers in effective communication. These barriers can become a hurdles in the growth and survival of the company. It may include hierarchy of the company, organizational structure, poor relationships between employees and management and attitudes of management. Contemporary management issues There are some contemporary management issues which organisation is facing while running business. It is essential to solve issues faced by company and make better plans so that targets can be achieved. Every firm want to earn profit and for that they have to perform better than others and create good image in minds of customers. There are some contemporary issues like, uncertainty about the future, tracking team productivity, managing communication between teams, supporting diversity at the workplace, recruiting and selecting right employees. For
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solving these issues managers of Argos company should apply some theories so that these issues can be solved (Hussain, HAQU and Baloch, 2019). Tracking team productivity It is the responsibility of managers of Argos company to track productivity of team members so that improvements can be made if required. This is an issue which is faced by organisation. For tracking team productivity, performance management cycle theory can be applied by managers of Argos company. According to this theory, there are four steps i.e., planning, monitoring, reviewing and rewarding. First step is to make plans so that work can be done in systematic way, second step is to monitor performance of every worker. Managers of Argos company set goals for individual employee and after work is finished evaluation of performance is done. Third step is to review and make final results. Last stage is to give rewards according to work done. This theory can be apply in Argos company. Managing communication between teams Another contemporary issue is managing communication between teams. In Argos company to solve this issue, organisational structure is applied in which roles and responsibilities of every employee is mentioned. In the structure leader of every team is mentioned and who will guide which employee is also given. All workers have to work accordingly and focus on accomplishing goals and objectives of company. It is important for an organisation to have effective communication so that work can be completed on time and there will be no issue among employees. communication is one of the important factor which helps in achieving targets (Sedera and Lokuge, 2017). In Argos company there is proper communication which helps them in achieving goals and objectives of company. So, by applying organisational structure, Argos company is responding to contemporary management issue which is faced by managers and they find solution. Effective communication is beneficial for an organisation as it helps in achieving targets and avoid confusion. Shaping company culture Shaping company culture means to provide good working environment to employees. This is another contemporary issue which is faced by company. For solving this issue, managers of Argos company apply leadership theory so that work can be done properly and creates good environment at the workplace. In Argos company work is divided in teams and leader is made for each team so that there will be no confusion or misunderstanding. It is the responsibility of
managers to apply leadership theory and give instructions to employees so that they can work efficiently. Recruiting right employees Managers of company are responsible for hiring right employees for company who can work efficiently. In Argos company, managers are following proper procedure for recruiting employees and all candidates are given equal opportunities. Managers should select best candidate for company who have all the abilities and skills to complete work on time and accomplish goals and objectives of organisation. This is contemporary management issue which is faced by most of the companies and they have to find solution so that performance of company cannot be affected. It is important to choose right candidate and proper procedure should be followed. Supporting diversity at the workplace Another contemporary issue which is faced by most of the organisations is diversity at the workplace. It is essential to give equal rights and opportunities to all employees and there should be no discrimination among workers on the basis of gender, caste, race or religion. In Argos company, all employees are getting equal treatment and no discrimination is done. In the company, principles of administrative management theory is applied and some laws are applied (Sommerfeldt and Yang, 2017). This is an issue which is faced by managers because people are recruited from different background and it is important to teach them that all employees are equal. Managers of Argos company give work in teams so that proper interaction can be done and equal treatment is given to all employees. Ethics Ethics is one of the most important management issue that can be faced by Argos that can affect business(Purvis, Mao and Robinson, 2019). There are various kinds of ethical issues associated with management issues that can be faced by Argos. Some of them are discrimination, harassment, privacy, health and safety etc. Some of the main challenges in management of ethics within Argos organization are: due to high power and favouritism many times employees face discrimination, harassment or are demotivated. In order to deal with this management issue, training provision can be focused upon by organization to staff members where they will be provided training about ethical policies etc. so that ethics within organization can be maintained.
Sustainability Sustainability is another issue which is being faced by organizations and can affect business drastically(Hagendorff, 2020.). Sustainability issue can not only affect business but society as well. Suitability issues that can be faced by Argos are wastage of water and other resources, excessive usage of electricity, high emission of CO2. There are various kinds of sustainability challenges that can be faced by Argos such as reducing CO2 emission, reducing wastage. For overcoming these issues Argos can focus upon providing training to employees and making them aware of ways in which wastage can be reduced and its importance, they can also focus upon adopting renewable energy for electricity generation as it will help in overcoming wastage of energy and resoruce challenge. Social change:Social change are the changes undertaken by the companies in order to bring a change in the behaviours to benefit the society and environment(Schatzki, 2019). Argos needs to create sopcila change so that it can foster goodwill among its customers, employees and customers. It wioll help the company in creation of new industries and also open up new markets to generate profits. The companies have the power to influence people's behaviour and this influence can generate new revenue streams for the company.Social change can open up new revenue streams for the company, but it too have some barriers. The major barrier that Argos can face are the economic barriers. These include poverty, destitute and unemployment etc. some people might resist the change which can negatively influence the company. CONCLUSION Fromtheabovediscussionitcanbeconcludedthat,therearesomecontemporary management issues which is faced by organisation like, uncertainty about future, regulation and compliance, supporting diversity, managing communication between teams. Key dynamic forces impacting on business and society like, political, economic, technological, social and legal forces has been discussed. These forces affect performance of employees and overall productivity of company. Critical evaluation of relationship between forces in terms of effective strategic decision making has been described. Further, evaluation of an organisation’s responses to dynamic forces in contemporary business world has been discussed. Managers of Argos company implement new technology for reducing cost of production and increasing profit. Further, decision making tools to address contemporary drivers for change such as, swot analysis, decision making diagram and force field analysishas been described.
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Theoretical foundation to support identification and application of effect corporate responses to contemporary management issues has been discussed.
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