Contemporary Travel and Tourism Industry

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of the contemporary travel and tourism industry, covering key milestones, elements, and factors that influence tourist behavior and destination popularity. It examines recent trends, analyzes the impact of various factors on the industry, and critically evaluates the link between tourist behavior and destination choice.

Contemporary Travel and
Tourism Industry

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
Milestones in the development of the travel and tourism industry and how they have shaped
the travel and tourism industry....................................................................................................1
P.2 Different elements of the travel and tourism industry and their interrelation to create the
tourist experience........................................................................................................................2
P.3 Determine the different factors that affect tourism behaviour..............................................3
P.4 Explain models of motivation and how they influence the consumer decision making
process.........................................................................................................................................4
M1,M2 & D1 Role & Critical analysis of key element of travel and tourism industry and how
the elements interact to provide a tourism experience................................................................5
P. 5 Identify recent and emerging patterns and trends in the international travel and tourism
industry........................................................................................................................................5
M3 Recent patterns in international travel and tourism and their significance to the
development of the global travel and tourism industry ..............................................................6
P.6 Examine the factors affecting the popularity of a range of global destination.....................6
M4 Factors affecting the popularity of destination and assess their importance to destination’s
popularity....................................................................................................................................8
D2 Critical evaluation of the link between the key drivers of tourist behavior and popularity of
different tourism destinations and experiences...........................................................................8
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Tourism is one of the fastest growing industries in present world economy, it has been
developing with time in terms of new trends and technology. Every tour operator company is
coming up with various attractive packages which is helpful in growth of the sector. In this
present assignment, consultant working of United nations world tourism organisation will be
presenting about travel and tourism industry. This report will focus on key milestones in the
development of the travel and tourism industry and how they have shaped the travel and tourism
industry. In addition to this, Determine the different factors that affect tourism behaviour will be
explained. Furthermore, models of motivation and how they influence the consumer decision
making process will be discussed in brief.
TASK 1
Milestones in the development of the travel and tourism industry and how they have shaped the
travel and tourism industry
Travel and tourism is a social and cultural phenomenon where people move from one
place to another in order to change their usual environment. The purpose behind travelling can be
personal or professional. People who travel are known as tourists which are defined under three
categories i.e. Domestic, Inbound and outbound (Prebensen, Chen and Uysal, 2018). But after
achieving many milestones which are defined below every person has started enjoying the
travelling.
Origin of Tourism
In ancient times, travelling was considered to be reserved for upper and rich class people.
Many people has started encouraging the practice of pilgrimage. Tourism started mainly in 17th
century where word tourist has appeared for the first time. Tour word has come from the Greek
ad Latin words which means is to circle and turn.
Tourism becomes business
In the year 1758, Cox and kings was the first travel agency which has started and
encouraged people for travelling. This travel agency came up with very cost effective tour
package through railways. Rail travel became very famous and emergence of auto mobile along
with it has helped the most in development of tourism. In addition to this, air flights has made the
development to another level. It has added the biggest milestone in the tourism sector.
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Water travel: It is marked as the major milestone of travel and tourism industry. It includes
travelling through boats from one place to another while on holidays. Boats can be luxurious
ships or small boats. It is known as boating holiday which is very famous kind of travelling
during summer season. It is the biggest milestone because it helped in moving to vary places
along with enjoying food and music. Water travelling can be carried out for long travelling as
well as all the facilities are being provided inside the ships and boats. It has resulted in higher
growth in the industry as different tour operators now provide special tour packages which
include water travelling.
Rail travel: It is also a milestone which is being major component in travelling. It is the
convenient and affordable medium of transport. It was first build in England which has carried
passengers from one place to another (Alderman, 2018). It is a travel which is mostly accepted
by people even with low income. It is affordable and comfortable element while planning a tour.
These all factors has helped in shaping the travel and tourism industry as without it travel
industry would not have grown much. So, above factors has helped in fast growth of economy.
P.2 Different elements of the travel and tourism industry and their interrelation to create the
tourist experience
There are various elements in tourism industry that may affects tourist experience in
negative as well as positive manner. Tourists are mainly buying holiday packages or travel
services to gain a lifetime experience or create a good memory. The elements which are related
to tourist experience are discussed below -
 Pleasant climate or weather – People are highly attracted towards a good or favourable
climate, individuals living in cold places plans to visit sunny regions whereas people
living in warm or hot areas are attracted towards cooler destinations. Tourists waits for a
best climate or weather to visit a destination but sometimes they travel in without
planning. This provides a different experience related to a place or destination. It
develops motivation among the people and encourage them to travel in different climates
or weather to various places.
 Scenic attraction – Individuals learn and research on destinations or places before
making decisions to travel. This research helps them to collect information related to
various attractions of a place. It is a major element that attracts many tourists to visit a
specific destination to gain experience of popular scenic attractions.
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 Accessibility – Another important element within tourism industry is the accessibility to
a particular destination or place (Alderman, 2018). The effective services such as
railways, roadways and airways encourage tourist to visit or travel to a destination. If an
individual has a bad experience with respect to transportation or logistic services he or
she will avoid to travel that destination in the future.
 Hospitality – Hospitality is another essential and influencing element in travel and
tourism industry, it refers to the services offered to an individual for satisfying his or her
needs such as accommodation, food and beverages etc. It defines the relationship
between a guest and host. Effective hospitality services offered at a destination or place
helps in attracting more and more tourists as well as provide a better experience to the
tourists. If any experience of the tourists goes bad with the accommodation or food than
the tourist perhaps never return to that Hotel.
 Histological and Cultural factors – People are highly attracted to different cultures and
religions in various countries, it is a major factor that encourage tourists to travel to
distinct destinations or places. It helps them to experience different cultures and help
them to learn about various societies and its people.
P.3 Determine the different factors that affect tourism behaviour
There are various factors tourism behaviour are defined as follows.
Environmental factors: This is the major factor while deciding any place for travelling. People
consider this as the major factor as environment helps in attracting people to a high level. There
are two environmental factors which has led to the growth of tourism industry.
Good climate: A pleasant environment and comfortable climate attracts people while
selecting any tourist place. Those who come from colder regions, sunshine and warmth attracts
them more. Whereas, people who lives in warmer region like to go more to colder places. So
climatic conditions always affects the behaviour of tourism.
Beautiful scenery: Attractive sunset points, sea beaches or hill stations are the major
attractive things at a place. This has affected to a great extent to the behaviour of tourism.
Socio-economic factors: This are also one category of factors that influences the tourism
behaviour. It includes the following factors which are defined below (Weigert, 2018).
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Accommodation: When people plans to go out they like to stay at good hotel or resort. It
depends on the lifestyle and income of a person that what they like to prefer. It changes from
person to person. But an attractive and comfortable is really essential to make the trip successful
So facilities like good lodging along with hygienic food facilities influences the behaviour of
tourism.
Amenities: Different water sports and touring activities like fishing, surfing etc. also
responsible for growing tourism industry.
Historical and cultural factors: Many people like to travel to such place which are ancient and
highly rich in cultural heritage. People plans to go at the places where ancient kings and queens
used to live (Tung, Tang and King, 2018). This factor influences when traveller is attracted to
places with historical significance.
Religious factors: People in old age like more to travel at places which gives inner peace
or they like to get blessing of gurus. These factor will result in influencing people while
attracting tourism behaviour.
Above all factors are considered by travellers while travelling and also before that.
P.4 Explain models of motivation and how they influence the consumer decision making
process.
Motivation is the factor which influences a person to travel different places. Everyone
wants to have a break from their regular routine but due to many personal reasons they fail to
plan a holiday. Whereas, travelling helps in knowing one own self and allowing them to reach
the fulfilment in which they are required to be recognised. A study has been carried out on need
for motivation for travelling and development of tourism in the nation. Tourism sector also needs
a level of motivation where personal needs are required to be determined. Following models are
used for the same which also affects the behaviour of consumers.
Push and pull motives:
These are highly accepted in order to explain the nature and behaviour of tourists and
travel motivation. There are two factors under this model, in which pull and push are the two
components. Push factor is that motivation which drives the people away from their homes and
workplaces. Whereas, Pull factors are those that allows and drives a person to move towards a
particular destination. However, push factor is allowing a person to travel for their socio
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psychological needs but pull elements are the motivation for moving and visiting a specific
destination.
Push factor highly motivates a person for travelling so that stressful situations can be
reduced. On the other hand, pull is to motivate for going to a particular destination (Seyfi and
Hall, 2018). This is mainly needed because a person gets bored with visiting to a place again and
again.
M1,M2 & D1 Role & Critical analysis of key element of the travel and tourism industry and
how the different elements interact to provide a tourism experience
1. Pleasant climate or weather – Pleasant weather attracts people to visit a destination
whereas bad climatic conditions can negatively affect visitors.
2. Scenic attraction - It is a significant element that attracts many tourists to visit a specific
destination to gain experience of popular scenic attractions. Any dissatisfaction can leads
to bad experience for the tourists and affect their decisions in the future.
3. Accessibility – Easy transportations and logistics services attracts tourists whereas long
or improper connectivity can lead to loss of tourism in a tourist destination.
4. Hospitality – The hospitality services are very essential as accommodation and food are
basic needs of every tourist. Unavailability of these elements can dissatisfy people and
influence the tourism industry negatively.
5. Histological and Cultural factors – There are difference in every culture, a good
experience with people from different culture can attract more tourists whereas any bad
event or experience at new cultural place or people may have negative impact on the
travel and tourism industry.
P. 5 Identify recent and emerging patterns and trends in the international travel and tourism
industry
In the travel and tourism industry there are many patterns which are followed by
international travel. Travel industry has come up with many new and attractive ideas to make
destinations more attractive. This has allowed the industry to grow and earn more from the home
country as well as from foreigners. Following are the recent trends and patterns that has been
adopted globally.
Active and adventure trips: Travel industry has started including the adventure trips in their
packages. This has attracted and allowed many people in availing such adventure trips to enjoy
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more. This trips includes like an African safari, swimming with whale sharks in Mexico. This
trend is the most fast growing and active which is being adopted by both travellers and tour
operators.
Female Solo travelling : In the recent trend it is also highly adopted by women whether they are
single, married or divorced (Sheehan, Grant and Garavan, 2018). Women are travelling alone in
different parts of the world. This has made women more active and happy. In the year 2017, 72%
women of America has taken solo trip for their fun. Globally, spa and high class parties are less
in trend now rather they are out of trend in the culture of women. They are adopting more to solo
travelling which has increased solo adventures as well. Tour operators are coming up with solo
travelling tour packages which are facilitated more by females.
Mobile photography: It is very much in trend to click pictures and upload them on social sites.
People these days are highly active on social media sites which has increased the need of
photography. Mobile phones are being launched with high quality camera that has started more
demand of mobile photography. Every person has a good camera in their phone which emerges
the need of self photography. Earlier not every person has the ability of photography because
they have not used the camera much. But now due to availability of cameras on phone it has
become the major trend while travelling.
Traditional religion: It is one of the factor which always has affected the choice of people
regarding the place. As various people likes to go to traditional places and this is high in trend in
all over the world.
Examples: Bali and Dubai are the places which are very highly in trend and many tourist visit
there for enjoying their holiday. The places are in trend because of its beautiful view and is got
developed recently to a great extent.
M. 3 Recent structure in international travel and tourism and their significance to the
development of the global travel and tourism industry
1. Active and adventure trips : Travel industry has started including the adventure trips in
their packages. This trend is the most fast growing and active which is being adopted by
both travellers and tour operators.
2. Female Solo travelling : Women are travelling alone in different parts of the world.
This has made women more active and happy. They are adopting more to solo travelling
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which has increased solo adventures as well. Tour operators are coming up with solo
travelling tour packages which are facilitated more by females.
3. Mobile photography: Mobile phones are being launched with high quality camera that
has started more demand of mobile photography. Now due to availability of cameras on
phone it has become the major trend while travelling.
P.6 Examine the factors affecting the popularity of a range of global destination.
There are various elements or factors that affect popularity of global tourist destinations,
tourists in the present world are highly attracted towards various places al over the world. They
identify each and every characteristic or feature of tourist destinations. The various factors
influencing popularity of various global destinations are as described below -
1. Natural disasters – Natural disasters can affect tourism heavily, this due to the reason that
disasters such as floods, earthquake, landslides etc, negatively affect tourists decisions to
travel to a particular destination which is exposed to the risk of these natural disasters.
People are not willing to travel any destination that is fond of any kind of natural disaster.
For example – 1000 mile wide Hurricane sandy destroyed the coast of US taking lives of
16 people. This disaster forced airlines to cancel more than 12,000 flights affecting plans
of travellers all over the world and it affected the tourism and popularity of US
negatively.
2. Health warnings – The various kinds of health warnings can also have a great impact on
tourism industry or a global destination. There are places or countries which are known
for specific diseases, any kind of warning related to health issues can affect tourists
decisions to travel that destination (Hughes and Scheyvens, 2018). For example – Swine
flu was originated from Mexico, it can spread to people easily. Due to this reason many
travellers cancelled their plan when heard about the deceases and the tourism industry in
Mexico got affected negatively.
3. Terrorism – Another factor that influence popularity of a global destination is terrorism,
when individuals hear about terrorist attacks anywhere in the world, they concern about
their own lives. Therefore, it is obvious that it affects their travelling plans and decisions
to visit a place where they are exposed to risk of harm. For example, after the attack on
US on 2009 the tourist's arrival in country decreased by 4 million as well as there was
decline in domestic travel spending as well.
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4. Changing trends – Another influencing factor that can affect popularity of global
destination are the changing trends of the people. Nowadays, tourists are more attracted
towards places which are less costly, easily accessed and less time consuming. Therefore,
popular designations like Paris in Europe is lacking the number of visitors along with the
time.
5. Good climate: A pleasant environment and comfortable climate attracts people while
selecting any tourist place. Those who come from colder regions, sunshine and warmth
attracts them more. Whereas, people who lives in warmer region like to go more to colder
places. So climatic conditions always affects the popularity of the destination.
Like Dubai and Bali are in trend due to many reasons:
 Different beautiful beaches in Bali makes it most attractive and it is very less crowded so
people can have relaxed time in the city.
 Other than this, Dubai is Popular and in trend for shopping and Aquaventure Water Park
at the Palms Atlantis Hotel. Thrill of skydiving and its beach font is something that
makes the place worth going to.
M 4 Factors affecting the popularity of different destinations and assess their level of
importance to a destination’s popularity
1. Natural disasters - Natural disasters can affect tourism heavily, this due to the reason that
disasters such as floods, earthquake, landslides etc, negatively affect tourists decisions to
travel to Dubai and Bali which is exposed to the risk of these natural disasters.
2. Health warnings - There are places or countries which are known for specific diseases,
any kind of warning related to health problems can impact on tourists decisions to travel
that destination.
3. Terrorism – It also affects the popularity of a Dubai and Bali is terrorism, when
individuals hear about terrorist attacks anywhere in the world, they concern about their
own lives.
D2 Critical evaluation of the linkage between the key drivers of tourist behaviour and the
popularity of different tourism destinations and experiences
There are various key drivers of tourist behaviour Pleasant climate or weather, Scenic
attraction Accessibility, Hospitality, Histological and Cultural factors that have a great impact on
popularity of tourist destinations as well as experience of tourists. Pleasant and good weather can
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avoid the risk of any disaster such as cyclone or flood, tourists can identify the climate of a
destination and can plan to visit it. It can also provide a good experience to them. The second
factor is scenic attraction which also plays a major role in increasing popularity of a destination
and offering a good experience to people such as tourists are highly attracted towards natural
beauty, views etc. On the other hand bad climate can develop a risk of a natural disaster such as
heavy rainfall, flood etc, which can influence the decisions of travellers and also develop a bad
experience to tourists who already arrived to that particular destination.
Conclusion
From the above report it has been concluded that travel and tourism is the fastest growing
industry which contribute to a great extent to the economy of the country. There are various
factors such as comfortable accommodation, beautiful place and good climatic condition attracts
a traveller while planning for any tour. In addition to this, Women are travelling alone in
different parts of the world. This has made women more active and happy. In the year 2017, 72%
women of America has taken solo trip for their wants and wishes. Furthermore, people like to
travel more in this era as before due to high work pressure. Everyone likes to explore as it is easy
in this innovative world to reach at any point without many problems.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Prebensen, N.K., Chen, J.S. and Uysal, M. eds., 2018. Creating experience value in tourism.
Cabi.
Alderman, D.H., 2018. The racialized and violent biopolitics of mobility in the USA: an agenda
for tourism geographies.
Alderman, D.H., 2018. The racialized and violent biopolitics of mobility in the USA: an agenda
for tourism geographies.
Weigert, M., 2018. Jumia travel in Africa: expanding the boundaries of the online travel agency
business model. Tourism Review.
Tung, V.W.S., Tang, M.F.C. and King, B.E.M., 2018. Tourism industry career prospects and the
business environment: E vidence from C anada and M acau. International Journal of
Tourism Research.
Seyfi, S. and Hall, C.M. eds., 2018. Tourism in Iran: Challenges, development and issues.
Routledge.
Sheehan, M., Grant, K. and Garavan, T., 2018. Strategic talent management: A macro and micro
analysis of current issues in hospitality and tourism. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism
Themes, 10(1), pp.28-41.
Hughes, E. and Scheyvens, R., 2018. Development Alternatives in the Pacific: How Tourism
Corporates Can Work More Effectively with Local Communities. Tourism Planning &
Development, pp.1-19.
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