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Network Architecture - Assignment

   

Added on  2021-04-16

40 Pages10002 Words305 Views
Contents1. Executive summary (Part-01)................................................................................................32. Introduction............................................................................................................................33. Introduction to network..........................................................................................................3LAN........................................................................................................................................3MAN......................................................................................................................................4WAN.......................................................................................................................................44. Introduction to network architecture......................................................................................51.Peer-to-Peer architecture or P2P.....................................................................................5Suitable topology for Peer to Peer..................................................................................72.Client-Server Architecture..............................................................................................7Suitable topology for client-server architecture............................................................85. Comparison between peer to peer and client-server..............................................................96. Physical Layer........................................................................................................................9I. Guided Media...................................................................................................................101.Twisted Pair Cables................................................................................................102.Coaxial cable..........................................................................................................103.Fiber-Optic cable...................................................................................................10II. Unguided Media..............................................................................................................111.Radio waves...........................................................................................................112.Microwaves............................................................................................................113.Infrared...................................................................................................................114. Wi-Fi..............................................................................................................................117. Network Topology................................................................................................................11I.Importance of network topology...................................................................................12II.Classification of network topologies.........................................................................12A.Bus Topology.........................................................................................................12B.Ring topology........................................................................................................13C.Mesh topology...........................................................................................................14D.Start topology............................................................................................................16Comparison between Mesh and Start topology....................................................................178. Conclusion............................................................................................................................17References................................................................................................................................181 | P a g e

1. Executive summary ( Part-02 )............................................................................................192. Introduction..........................................................................................................................193. LAN......................................................................................................................................19Advantage of LAN...............................................................................................................19Disadvantage of LAN..........................................................................................................194. Wi-Fi....................................................................................................................................20Advantages...........................................................................................................................20Disadvantages......................................................................................................................205. Comparison..........................................................................................................................207. ISP........................................................................................................................................211. Sri Lanka Telecom...........................................................................................................21Growth of SLT................................................................................................................222. Dialog...............................................................................................................................22Growth of network.........................................................................................................228. ISP comparison....................................................................................................................239. Conclusion............................................................................................................................23References................................................................................................................................23Table of figuresFigure 1 LAN Diagram..............................................................................................................4Figure 2 MAN Diagram.............................................................................................................4Figure 3 MAN Diagram.............................................................................................................5Figure 4 Peer to Peer Architecture.............................................................................................6Figure 5 Client-Server Architecture...........................................................................................8Figure 6 Transmission Media Table.........................................................................................10Figure 7 Bus Topology.............................................................................................................12Figure 8 Ring Topology...........................................................................................................14Figure 9 Mesh Topology..........................................................................................................15Figure 10 Star Topology...........................................................................................................16Figure 11 Logo of SLT.............................................................................................................21Figure 12 Logo of Dialog.........................................................................................................222 | P a g e

1. Executive summary (Part-01)This report provides information about the main aspect of Network architecture, the physical layer and its design and network topologies. This report include the information about network architecture such as peer to peer and client-server, advantage and disadvantage of these architectures, uses of network topology and comparison between them.2. IntroductionIn today’s world network becomes one of the most important and core part of human life. Most of don’t even realize how network is having impact in our daily life. Our life just changed dramatically in last decades because of the evolution of the networks. According to the statistics, nowadays 55.1 percentage of world population has internet access, which is more than 4 billion. This massive internet is also a network. If you ask how much impact we have with network is? The best answer is think a day without WhatsApp, Facebook, Twitter, Call or anything that you do with the mobile or laptops. That’s the disaster that every human being can face in modern world. The world economy will fall and many terrible things will happen because nowadays we can’t survive without network in this progressed world.3. Introduction to networkIn simple words computer network is interconnection between two or more computers or devices, in order to share the internet, peripheral devices such as printer, scanner, etc... In order to connect to network we need to have network components such as Network Interface Card, Hub, Switch, Router and etc.... There are many types of network out there such as1.LAN2.MAN3.WANTo get to know about network topologies and all, we need to have short introduction about these network types.LANLAN stands for Local Area Network, which is several computers that are interconnected in small area. LAN can be wired or wireless. For example, network connection that is inside the home, office, hospital and some other small area. 3 | P a g e

Figure 1 LAN DiagramMAN MAN stands for Metropolitan Area Network. If we connect two or more LAN connection together that means, it’s MAN. In order to create MAN, we need to expand the LAN. To do that we use network components such as Hub, Switch or Router. WANWAN stands for Wide Area Network. WAN is network that cross MAN, connection between countries, simple a broad network. Best example for WAN is internet.Figure 2 MAN Diagram4 | P a g e

Figure 3 MAN DiagramWe get to know about these network types. There are more than these network types but theseare most common types.4. Introduction to network architectureIn simple words, network architecture is design of network or layout of how computers and components are connected to the network. There two types of most used network architectures.1.Peer-to-Peer architecture or P2PPeer to peer network architecture is also known as tiered architecture. In this architecture tasks are partitioned or divided between the peers in the network. Actually, every nodes in thenetwork is has same ability and equal. Any node in the network can become server as well as client. The term server means, the computer or device which provides or manage the resources within the network. The term client means, the computer that is accessing or using the resources that is provided by the server. Peer to peer doesn’t need any centralized controller such as server and all. A node in the peer to peer network work as resource supplierand consumer. In simple words, computer in the networks will connect to another computer in the network. Upload and download will happen in the same computer.5 | P a g e

Figure 4 Peer to Peer ArchitecturePeer to Peer example:TorrentsBitcoin transactionFile sharing through Xender and ShareitTOR (Onion websites)AdvantagesData we send through this architecture is so secured because it’s end to end encrypted.No any middle man or server can get the data.It has low cost infrastructure in the p2p architecture, users use part of their disk storage, processor or bandwidth.P2P network is pretty much redundant, so on delivering a nice experience to user is much easier than client-server.In p2p there is no need of server. So, we don’t need to spend dedicated amount moneyon server.If one node in the network stop working then it’s not going to down the whole segment.DisadvantagesIn this architecture, we have setup separate security for each nodes in the networkThere no control over the data because in peer to peer architecture there is no any server to manage and control the data transmission.Insecurity, Virus, Trojan and more malwares can easily affect the computer in peer to peer network and every computer in the network has to set its own security by itself.Absence of dedicated server cause lack of back system in peer to peer. All the nodes in the network have their own backups.6 | P a g e

Suitable topology for Peer to PeerMesh topology is suitable topology for Peer to Peer architecture. There are several reasons forthat.In mesh topology each and every computer is interconnected with another computer. So far, in peer to peer also all nodes are connected with every other nodes. For some special cases we can use partial mesh topology to connect a node to several nodes in the networkIn mesh topology we don’t have any centralized server in the network which is same for the peer to peer architecture. There is no any centralized device in peer to peer architecture.In peer to peer every node in the network is server and client in case using mesh topology will make data transmission more effective because in mesh topology multiple devices can transmit data simultaneously.If a one node fail in the network that will not affect the whole segment in the peer to peer in this case, using mesh topology will be more efficient.2.Client-Server ArchitectureThere client-server model is one of the computer will act as server which will provide resources and manage the network. Other computers or nodes that are connected to the network will be client which request resources from server. In this architecture, Server computer holds the core part because it’s providing the resources. Client can’t share their resources in this architecture, they can request the resources from server computers.Example for this client-server, the bank provide online banking or ATM services. Clients can request these services such as, current bank balance, online money transfer, cash withdraw and deposit and more... In this case bank is server and customer is client.7 | P a g e

Figure 5 Client-Server ArchitectureAdvantagesUnlike the peer to peer model, client-server architecture got a centralized administrator/server. This centralized server will control the data transmission, manage the network and access of users.In client-server architecture, Data is stored in the server and clients can back up there data in server as well. In some case, if client lost their data they can easily recover it from the server. Client-server architecture is so secured because all the access and rights are controlledby the centralized administration.DisadvantagesIf server gets many requests from the clients, then it’ll jam the server means, overloadwill break the server.Client-server architecture is very expensive, it’s very expensive to manage and configure. Servers are also very expensive.To monitor and manage the server, it need a professional. So it also cost moreIf something happens to server and its goes down, then the whole segment will fail.Suitable topology for client-server architectureThere many topology will suits for client-server architecture but for the efficient network I chose start topology as the suitable one. There are several reasons behind that.In client-server architecture there will be one server which will provide the resources for the clients. So when we are connecting new client in the server, if that affect the network then that’s not efficient. In star topology you can connect and disconnect clients from the network any time and that’s won’t affect the network.8 | P a g e

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