Different Methods of Contraception and Their Advantages and Disadvantages

REPRODUCTION
Introduction
The main aim of contraception is to prevent pregnancy that is
a consequence of unprotected sexual intercourse. Birth control
or contraception is often used by individuals for safe and
effective family planning. The information and services about
contraception is a fundamental human right of all individuals.
This report highlights different methods of contraception
available with their advantages and disadvantages. The
discussion also revolves around the history associated with
each and every method along with additional information that
can be accessed during their administration.
 Oral contraceptives: In this method, pills are
administered orally in the form of drugs (Hilz, 2022).
These drugs contain hormones in small doses and
they prevent the release of eggs in the female body
thereby, preventing fertilization.
 Surgical methods: These methods are employed in
blocking the transfer of gametes. The blocking of
male gametes is called as vasectomy (blocking of vas
deferens) and for females it is called as tubectomy
(blocking the fallopian tubes).
 Implants: Contraceptive devices that are placed
inside the body to prevent fertilization are called
implants. Some contraception’s are placed inside the
uterus, such as Copper-T or loop, that act as
spermicides.
Different methods of contraception
Contraception’s prevent unwanted pregnancy by restricting
the production of the egg, preventing the meeting of sperm
and the egg and by stopping the egg from attaching itself to
the lining of the womb. There are many three different types
of contraception such as hormonal contraception, barrier
methods and emergency contraceptives. The broad
classification of the methods of contraception is given below:
Natural method: This method is also termed as sexual
abstinence, where sexual intercourse is avoided from the 10th
to the 17th day of the menstrual cycle. It is at this time that
ovulation occurs and also the possibility of fertilization is very
high.
Barrier method: There is involvement of physical barriers in
order to prevent fertilization process. Most commonly
available barriers are condoms that are made up of thin latex
sheath and are worn by both males and females.
History about birth control
Religious factors affect the administration of birth control in
different countries. The first method contraception that was
used in the 20th century was coitus interrupts. The barriers
methods were developed in the late 20th century. Some texts
from the roman literature and ancient Egypt suggest the use of
goat bladder as a female sheath along with the use of vaginal
pessaries as contraceptions. Condoms were made out of animal
intestines in the 17th century. It was in the 1920s that scientists
confirmed the role of ovulation and menstrual cycle in the
process of reproduction which lead to the development of safe
physical barriers such as condoms and contrceptive pills (Nimbi
and et. al., 2019). The use of IUDs came was introduced in the
1960s with the availability of flexible plastic. By the end of 20th
century, vasectomy and tubectomy were introduced as popular
methods of birth control.