Effects of Birth Control Methods on Birth Rate and Maternal Health

Running head: ASSIGNMENTS 1
Assignments
Name
Institution

ASSIGNMENTS 2
ASSIGNMENTS
ANSWERS
Assignment 1
Birth control is a device or method used to prevent pregnancy. Some of the birth control
methods are hormonal birth control, barrier methods, sterilization, intrauterine devices, and
behavioral methods. The most effective way of controlling birth rate is by use of family
planning. Most governments encourage women to attend to voluntary family planning. It enables
most families to make informed decisions about when and whether to have children. Voluntary
female planning has enabled most of the governments to control the birth rate. It reduces
unintended pregnancy and maternal as well as newborn deaths. It also increases economic and
educational opportunities for women.
Most governments such as India control birth rate by carrying out voluntary sterilization.
The government of India uses sterilization to control birth because it is cheap. Sterilization is
being done by tubal ligation in females and vasectomy in males. Research performed by different
researchers indicated that sterilization can reduce the birth rate in a country (Lindo & Packham,
2017).
The governments also ensure that health care institutions provide voluntary emergency
contraceptive to women. They are devices used by women after having unprotected sexual
intercourse with the aim of preventing unwanted pregnancy. These devices work primarily by
inhibiting fertilization or ovulation. There are a number of options under this method of birth
control such as the provision of control pills, mifepristone, levonorgestrel, and ulipristal.
Research indicates that the use of contraceptive devices in most countries have reduced the

ASSIGNMENTS 3
number the birth rate and maternal deaths by approximately 40 percent (Thompson et al. 2017).
This is because the use of contraceptive reduces the number of unplanned pregnancies.
Assignment 2
Population structure refers to the composition or makeup of a population. Population
structure of a country demonstrates how the population of a specific country is divided up
between females and males of dissimilar age groups. The population structure of Japan is
changing because of the reduction in mortality and a declining fertility rate. Migration, Mortality,
and Fertility are the main factors that determine population growth of a country (Bloom, Canning
& Fink, 2010). The fertility level of Japan has been declining since 1970. Many researchers
argue that the population structure of Japan is changing because of the decline in fertility rate
(Liddle & Lung 2010). The population of Japan is both aging and shrinking at a considerable
rate. The population structure of Japan is changing because of the baby boom law which was
passed in the year 1948. This law allows for access to abortions. Also, arrange cultural and
economic factors contributed to the change in population structure in Japan. Other factors that
lead to a decline in population growth in Japan are fewer and later marriages, small living space
as well as the high cost of raising children. In the year 2016, the life expectancy of Japan was 85
years (Liddle & Lung 2010). Factors for example improved nutrition, advanced pharmacological
and medical technologies reduced the occurrence of diseases thereby improving living
conditions. Also, peace, as well as prosperity, is an essential factor because it contributes to
massive economic growth in the country thereby leading to longer lifespans.
Government policy also contributes to the changing of population structure in Germany.
The Government supports the Aging population by establishing a suitable law that encourages