Coronary Heart Disease

Running head: CORONARY HEART DISEASE
Coronary Heart Disease
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

1CORONARY HEART DISEASE
Introduction
Coronary heart disease (CHD) refers to the condition when there is a blockage in the
blood vessels which supplies blood to the cardiac muscles of the body. Due to such blockage
in the blood vessels of the heart muscles, there are two possible consequences in the body.
The first one is heart attack in which the blood supplying vessels are completely blocked and
in the second scenario, there is a condition named angina that is a chronic condition in which
sudden chest pain for a short duration of time is reported by the patients as due to the
blockage in the blood vessels, there is periodical lack of oxygen supply to the cardiac muscles
and this results in the sudden chest pain in the patient's body. According to the report of
WHO, it is reported that, almost 17.9 million of people die due to the cardiovascular disease
in the world. In addition to this, it is reported that, most of the cardiovascular problems
generally occur in the low and middle income countries of this world. Coronary heart disease
is one of the common cardiovascular disease in the world and in Australia the number of such
patients has also become a serious area of concern. In this essay, various risk factors of
CHD, prevalence rate of this disease among the Australian population, knowledge about the
disease and a few prevention strategy are discussed in a brief manner.
Risk Factors of CHD
According to the report of the Australian Government, it is reported that, there are
generally two types of risk factors and the first one is modifiable risk factors and the other
one is non-modifiable risk factors. While discussing the modifiable risk factors of this CHD,
it can be said that the family history of heart disease and presence of diabetes can be marked
as non-modifiable risk factors of CHD. It is reported in various studies that, if there is a
genetic component of hypertension and abnormal blood lipids, then the individual has a
higher chances of having CHD. On the other hand, it is reported that, the type two diabetes

2CORONARY HEART DISEASE
has a genetic components and if one off the parents of the individual has this risk factors, the
individual has higher chances of having CHD. According to the study of Emdin, Khera and
Natarajan (2017), it is reported that, there is positive significant relationship among the onset
of CHD and diabetes type 2. This study also identified the role of one of the modifiable risk
factors in the onset of CHD among the patients. While analysing the modifiable risk factors
of CHD, it can be said that, high blood cholesterol level of the individuals, tobacco smoking,
physical inactivity, obesity, and nutrition are major modifiable risk factors of CHD.
According to the study of Pandey et al. (2015), there is a direct relationship among the
physical inactivity and development of CHD. In this study, it was reported that, the higher
levels of physical activity is associated with lower incidents of CHD. In this study 370 460
patients were selected as a cohort. The study showed that, the participants who had minimum
levels of physical activity as per the guideline, they had reduced risks of heart failure with a
pooled hazard ratio, 0.90; 95% confidence interval, 0.87–0.92. On the other hand the
population who were engaged in physical activity twice a day, had more chances of not
having cardiovascular problems. On the other hand, the study of Schutter, Lavie and Milani
(2014), suggested that obesity is one of the primary promoters of CHD and presence of
obesity encourage the progress of CHD among the population. The study of Adabag et al.
(2015) investigated the association of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and
waist hip ratio (WHR) with the coronary heart disease related death among the community
dwellers. In this study, 14941 men and women population were included (age group of 45-64
years). The study result showed that, there is a positive relationship with the high BMI and
risks of CHD related death among the populations. In addition to this, increased waist
circumference and waist hip ratio are also associated with the CHD related death. Apart from
the obesity, this study also addressed another modifiable risk factor that is smoking behaviour
of the community dwellers. All of the aforesaid findings were reported among those