Skills for Higher Education

This essay examines the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) through a comprehensive literature review. It analyzes the objectives and types of literature reviews, then delves into the definition, benefits, and various aspects of CSR, highlighting its advantages for organizations and its positive impact on society.

Skills for Higher
Education

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
Main Body.......................................................................................................................................3
1. Literature review what does it achieves?................................................................................3
2. Literature review on “ Corporate Social Responsibility”.......................................................5
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................7
REFRENCES...................................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
In today's era corporate social responsibility is a framework that aimed to encourage an
organisation to pay their maximum attention towards welfare of the society. It basically create
well-beingness and development of an organisation as well as sustainability by providing social
and economic benefits to all stakeholders(Hart, 2018). For an organisation context corporate
social responsibility help in maximising long term profitability which aid in sustaining in a
competitive market place for longer period of time. In this literature review will describe point of
view of different author's and opinion. Moreover, this will help a leaner to get proper knowledge
on a particular topic in order to have further learning practices.
Main Body
1. Literature review what does it achieves?
Literature review is a from of discussion which content information of a particular topic
or a subject area of particular subject for specific period of time. It can also be defined as
summary of sources but it is usually combination of both summary and synthesis. Eventually,
summary is crucial data of sources where as synthesis is a re organisation, reshuffling of
information in an appropriate manner(Lu, Zhao and While 2019). It also gives gives literature
review on new and latest interpretation of both new and old material of study. Additionally, it
help a person to gain knowledge on a particular topic in a wider context area. If an individual are
not able to full-fledged their research then can can go for literature review process on a particular
topic as act as stepping stone.
Moreover, literature review and academic research paper are different from each other.
The academic research paper usually focus on developing new argument on an particular or
emerging topic and it is different from literature review. Generally, literature review is support or
foundation of the the entire research paper as it determine on synthesis and summarisation of
argument, ideas and views for creating new contribution towards it. Moreover, there are four
main objectives of literature review which are determined below:
Survey: A survey is defined as research method that is used for collecting data from a
predefined group of respondents in order to gain information and insight on various topic of
interest.

Synthesise: Synthesise is defined as combination or put things together so that it create
value on entire literature review or into form of a summary.
Critical analysis: Critical analysis of literature review information or sources help in
knowing out what are the limitation and benefits of a particular topic(Booth, Sutton and
Papaioannou, 2016). Moreover, it help a person in formatting its ideas and views for further
discussion point of view or reviewing area of controversy.
Herein, literature review reflect how a reader or a presenter can grab knowledge about specific
topic or subject. Eventually, everything is done for a specific reason such as finding out
information or data which are already in exist in field of research, identifying literature gaps.
Seminal works such as other people who are working in same area(Shaikh and Karjaluoto,
2015). It also help as to determine methodological with research techniques by identifying main
ideas, conclusion, theories and establishing similarities with differentiation. Apart from this there
are six type of literature review which are mention below:
Argumentative literature review: Argumentative literature is a from that examines
literature selectively which support or refute an argument issues which has been already
established.
Integrative literature review: This type of research which review as well as critically
analysis the synthesise that are presented on a particular topic. It is analysed with an integrated
manner so that new framework or idea on a particular are of research.
Historical literature review: it focus on examining research through a specific time
period. It usually describe the starting issues, theory, concept and phenomena that are emerged in
literature review.
Methodological literature review: Methodological literature review focus on various
method of analysis and instead of content area. It determines a framework of understanding at
various level of conducting research or academic paper.
Systematic literature review: This type of literature method help in gathering secondary
information which critically appraise a research and thesis or findings both in qualitative and
quantitative manner. Additionally, this method help in formulating research question which are
broad and narrow within scope and identify synthesis which are related to systematic review
question.

Theoretical literature review: Theoretical literature review help to analyses principal of
theory that are related with issues, concepts, other theories as well as phenomena. It also provide
assistance in establishing what are the theories that already exist in relationship among present
theories that had been examined or help in creating hypothesis to be tested.
Thus, the above mention are some of the literature review that help a person to find out
appropriate findings on researcher on a particular topic.
2. Literature review on “ Corporate Social Responsibility”
As per the views of (Meijer and Bolívar, 2016) Corporate Social Responsibility defines
that an organisation or association manages to produce positive impact impact on society. The
are basically working towards welfare of a society so that they can enhance their business
operation and activities in an effective manner. It creates benefit for both organisation and
society as it help in enabling them to promote and attract positive attention in their efforts. In
other words it can be defined as it a continuous commitment by an organisation as they have
certain ethics towards society. It also help in contribution towards economic development as it
helps in enhancing better quality of life for family, local community and society at wider context.
Corporate social responsibility are more or less a self regulated business process that are
facilitated by many organisation. It help an organisation to become socially and accountable
towards stakeholders such as customers, employees, suppliers and community as a
whole(Govindan and et.al., 2015). Additionally, many organisation are more conscious towards
their image in market place which help them to operate their business function and activities
which ultimately create positive impact towards society as well as environment. Moreover, in
order make an organisation or association more responsible towards its stakeholders which help
them in achieving sustainability as well as fulfil their aims and objectives for longer period of
time. From such purpose an organisation are setting out ethical behaviour that develops health
relation among employees and employer. Moreover, it hep to offer high quality of products and
services and eco friendly products so that environment as well as society supports an
organisation to build strong image in competitive mark environment. Corporate social
environment supports an organisation to build a strong competitive image in marketplace. It
basically consist of different types of environment sustainability initiatives such as limiting
pollution and minimising greenhouse gas, direct philanthropic (donation of time, money and
resources for charitable purpose). Conducting ethical business practices such as providing fair

labour and trade practices that is beneficial for both employer and employees. It also help them
to maintain economic responsibility by setting out ethical standards, environment and
philanthropic practices. Apart from this, there are different types of corporate social
responsibility which can be performed by an organisation or association are determined below:
Environment corporate social responsibility: Environment corporate social
responsibility are responsible for eco issues that are focused on climate change (Crowther and
Seifi, 2018).. This factor primary focus on corporate social responsibility so that an organisation
have to take steps which result in demonising negative impact of production towards
environment.
Community based corporate social responsibility: In this corporate social responsibility
organisation and association works together in enacting quality of life based on community of
people. Practise of this result in development of economy by offering job opportunities to poor
and needy people.
Human resource based corporate social responsibilities: Human resource corporate
social responsibilities help in improving well being of employees as well as staff members. It is
the core responsibilities of human resource manager to keep eye on overall employees and
workers weather they are performing their job and duties in an appropriate manner.
Philanthropy: Philanthropy is one of the basic corporate social responsibilities in which
an organisation donate money to charity and other NGOs as well as to the poor and need
people(Wang and et.al., 2016). Thus, it can be determined that corporate social responsibilities
activities can be done by donating money as well as providing other services towards welfare of
the society.
Apart from this, in toady's context corporate social responsibilities are emerging in both
small and big organisation in order to perform their role and responsibilities towards welfare of
society. Moreover, there are some of the advantages of cooperate social responsibilities which
are discussed below:
Satisfied employees: In toady's context every personnel want to feel comfortable in
workplace where they are working it. Moreover, with an positive attitude of employees and staff
members will help an organisation to have less employee turnover. Thus, it will be possible if an
organisation is doing its corporate social responsibilities on regular basis of time.

Satisfied customers: From corporate social responsibilities it has been observed that
various organisation are attaining customer satisfaction in competitive marketplace. It customers
are satisfied with an organisation offerings than they will me attract more towards it. For
instance better business journey United kingdom business Consortium are referring that 88%
of consumer said they were more likely to purchase from such organisation which supports as
well as engage in improving overall society in an effective manner.
Positive public relation: With positive assistance of corporate social responsibilities a
company can gain opportunities to share their stories online through social media. Thus, it will
help an organisation to reduce money on traditional promoting activities of advertising and
campaign. In this manner they are able to attain high public relation in positive aspect in
competitive marketplace.
Cost reduction: Corporate social responsibilities are acquired by an organisation so that
they result in reducing cost in an effective manner by performing variolous corporate social
responsibility. Additionally, an organisation can also reduce cost through hiring more efficient
employees and staff members that help in reducing cost with lest investment in traditional
advertising and implementing energy saving programs.
More business opportunities: Corporate social responsibilities are need to be open with
various approach within an organisation in order to remain in touch with customers, suppliers as
well as other parties that affect business performance. Generally, it has been founded that as in
remaining in contact with each other help an organisation to attain various to attain various
opportunities in competitive marketplace.
Long term benefit for future business: In today's context corporate social responsibilities
help an organisation to achieve in resulting long term business in competitive
marketplace(McWilliams, 2015). Moreover, by performing various roles and responsibilities
towards welfare of society and environment an organisation can attain sustainability for longer
period of time. Thus, in this way an organisation can attain their aims and objectives in an
effective manner in competitive marketplace.
Thus, in this manner an organisation can perform their role and responsibilities in an
effective manner so that they can create their brand image in competitive marketplace. It also
provides benefits for an organisation to create various opportunities in competitive marketplace.

CONCLUSION
From the above discussion it has been concluded that corporate social responsibilities are
important for each and every organisation as it crease positive impact of a respective
organisation in competitive marketplace. More or less it add value to society by providing
positive impact on brand image, society, staff member as well as to stakeholders. By performing
corporate social responsibilities an organisation can up lift their living styles as well as help in
maintain their social life too. The main motive of every organisation are performing corporate
social responsibilities as have several benefits such as customers and employees satisfaction,
more business opportunities, longer sustainability in future aspect as cost reduction in an
effective manner.

REFRENCES
Books and Journal
Hart, C., 2018. Doing a literature review: Releasing the research imagination. Sage.
Lu, H., Zhao, Y. and While, A., 2019. Job satisfaction among hospital nurses: a literature review.
International journal of nursing studies.
Booth, A., Sutton, A. and Papaioannou, D., 2016. Systematic approaches to a successful
literature review. Sage.
Shaikh, A. A. and Karjaluoto, H., 2015. Mobile banking adoption: A literature review.
Telematics and informatics. 32(1). pp.129-142.
Meijer, A. and Bolívar, M. P. R., 2016. Governing the smart city: a review of the literature on
smart urban governance. International Review of Administrative Sciences. 82(2).
pp.392-408.
Govindan, K. and et.al., 2015. Multi criteria decision making approaches for green supplier
evaluation and selection: a literature review. Journal of Cleaner Production. 98. pp.66-
83.
Crowther, D. and Seifi, S. eds., 2018. Redefining Corporate Social Responsibility. Emerald
Group Publishing.
Schrempf-Stirling, J., Palazzo, G. and Phillips, R. A., 2016. Historic corporate social
responsibility. Academy of Management Review. 41(4). pp.700-719.
Lins, K. V., Servaes, H. and Tamayo, A., 2017. Social capital, trust, and firm performance: The
value of corporate social responsibility during the financial crisis. The Journal of
Finance. 72(4). pp.1785-1824.
Wang, H. and et.al., 2016. Corporate social responsibility: An overview and new research
directions: Thematic issue on corporate social responsibility.
McWilliams, A., 2015. Corporate social responsibility. Wiley encyclopedia of management,
pp.1-4.
Flammer, C., 2015. Does corporate social responsibility lead to superior financial performance?
A regression discontinuity approach. Management Science. 61(11). pp.2549-2568.
Petrenko, O.V. And et.al., 2016. Corporate social responsibility or CEO narcissism? CSR
motivations and organizational performance. Strategic Management Journal. 37(2).
pp.262-279.

Online
Advantages of Corporate Social Responsibility, 2019.[Online].Available
through<http://www.csrinpractice.com/what-is-csr/>