Corporate Social Responsibility

Running head: CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
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CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
Answer 1
The typical internal CSR drivers which are causing businesses in recent times to take
CSR into consideration are namely cultural tradition, political reform and socio-economic
priorities. According to Visser (2017), in several nations and regions, CSR draws strongly on
embedded Indigenous cultural customs of philanthropy, business ethics along with cultural
embeddedness. For instance, more than 1200 SMEs in Latin America, ideologies and beliefs of
the particular region are considered as key determinants for CSR. Furthermore, CSR tends to
fluctuate considerably among various Asian nations (Visser, 2016). However, such a variation is
not exemplified by the degree of expansion but primarily focus on factors in the respective
national business system. Meanwhile, studies of Visser and Kymal (2015) have noted that in
Africa, value based traditional philosophy related to African humanism (ubuntu) serves a highly
decisive role of the contemporary, inclusive approaches to CSR of the businesses operating in
that region.
On the other side, Visser (2017) has claimed that CSR cannot be separated from factors
related to socio-political reform processes, which frequently drive the behavioural patterns of
businesses in considering social and ethical issues. Stariņeca (2016) has taken the examples of
political as well as connected social and financial developments in Latin America since the
1980s. These socio-economic changes mainly involved factors related to democratization,
liberalization as well as privatization which have shifted the role of many businesses in acting
responsible and seeking issues concerning society and environment. Additionally, studies of
Pedersen, Gwozdz and Hvass (2018) have claimed that recently the primary objective of
attainment to EU membership has served a decisive role for several Central and Eastern
European nations in order to focus on CSR activities for being recognized as an effective

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
practice in the EU. Moreover, CSR is mainly shaped by local socio and economic priorities. For
example, Montaña (2017) has noted that poverty alleviation, healthcare services in addition to
infrastructure development and education tends to be elevated on several developing nations’
agendas which shows significant divergences to several Western CSR priorities. These CSR
priorities mainly focus on consumer protection, environmental friendly marketing along with
climatic conditions.
Currently, majority of companies are vocal on SDG because of the constructive benefits
to company’s performance and act responsive to stakeholders’ interest. However, companies
who are not taking into account the importance of sustainability might encounter environmental
degradation and its impacts of climate change further causing material business risks (Visser,
2016). The consistent nature of environmental threats further tends to result in cascading risks.
Furthermore, comprehensive studies of Stariņeca (2016) has noted that as energy companies
primarily rely on water for extraction and production such as coal, gas, fuel and biofuels or
electricity generation and cooling severe energy generation can tend generate fluctuating impacts
across the economy of the company.
Answer 2
Taking into consideration factors related to sustainability, Visser has emphasized on the
sustainable performance of Walmart not only because of its size or dimension but the company’s
principles which are imperative for its performance (Rahdari, Sepasi & Moradi, 2016).
Banditwattanawong, Masdisornchote and Uthayopas (2016) have mentioned the main activities
of Walmart which is to mainstream sustainability, assessing overall impacts of the company,
efficiently empowering its clients and further engaging to suppliers. Reports of Montaña (2017)