NURS 2022 Health of Infants Children and Adolescents

This essay discusses the effects of Covid-19 on child development and mental health, specifically focusing on Ava, a four-year-old child. It explains how a registered nurse can assess Ava's mental health using psychological evaluation and incorporate Person and Family Centred Care (PFCC) theory during immunisation series of care. The essay also provides strategies for Ava's mother to aid Ava and information on relevant professional aid services accessible for Ava and her family.

Health of Infants Children
and Adolescents

Contents
Contents...........................................................................................................................................2
INRODUCTION..............................................................................................................................3
Using psychological development concepts, explain effects of Covid-19 on Ava's
developmental stages...................................................................................................................3
Place a relevant mental health assessment tool and discuss how a Registered Nurse would
assess the effect of Covid-19 on Ava's mental health..................................................................4
Explain how a registered nurse can incorporate Person and Family Centred Care (PFCC)
theory during immunisation series of care...................................................................................4
Talk about strategies Ava’s mother can apply to aid Ava...........................................................5
Give information on relevant professional aid services which are accessible for Ava and her
family...........................................................................................................................................6
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8
Online..........................................................................................................................................8

INTRODUCTION
Every child on the planet has the right to grow up healthy, flushed and strong in their
respective family. Health of infant, children and adolescents is a state of physical, mental, social
and emotional well-being and not just absence of any abnormalities. Psychosocial development
chiefly involves alterations not only in child's overall behaviour but also in their social cognitive
understanding. Children become efficient to take other's perspective and understand that other
people's behaviour is majorly based on their knowledge and desires (Berk, 2022). Psychosocial
theories chiefly addresses alteration in development of ego, including self-understanding,
determination of in crucial information, and other social relationships. According to Erikson, an
individual passes through eight developmental stages which aids in creating on an individual. In
this scenario, Ava Chalmers is a four-year-old child who has been presented to community clinic
with mother for different immunisation such as diphtheria, polio, tetanus, and pertussis (Di
Nicola and Daly, 2020, pp.148). This essay will chiefly cover the psychosocial development
theory impacts of Covid-19 on Ava's developmental stages.
Using psychological development concepts, explain effects of Covid-19 on Ava's developmental
stages
Erikson's theory of psychosocial development of initiative versus guilt states about
children beginning to assert their powers and control over the world and their social interaction.
Ava can be provided with efficient information so that it makes easy for Ava in ego development
based on Ava's knowledge of pandemic. The existing effects of the pandemic and measure that is
taken to determine the mental health of children to determine the long-term consequences which
is expected to have. For infants and small children, it seems that intense stress develops for
various reasons (Combatting COVID-19 effects on children OECD; 2020). Children with special
educational needs are deprived of the basic education and so are particularly affected due to
pandemic. This mainly hinders the interventions which are hampered and can lead to negative
prolonged impacts on development al stages. High prevalence of psychological and psychosocial
distress among children affects their mental state and respective well-being due to Covid-19
(Lateef, Alaggia and Collin-Vézina, 2021, pp.106002). In Ava's case, it is difficult for Ava to
understand why people are wearing masks and Ava is not allowed to hug friends. Ava is
disturbed with the thought of wearing masks as this concept is not familiar to Ava. Covid-19

pandemic can mainly affect psychosocial development of Ava by learnings that comes with the
pandemic situation. The cognitive, emotional and psychosocial growth and development of the
children and small kids (Kumar and Nayar, 2021, pp.1-2). Ava's unawareness of the pandemic
situation put Ava into loads of dilemmas and sicker. Ava can be provided with vital information
and measures to avoid the effects of pandemic.
Place a relevant mental health assessment tool and discuss how a Registered Nurse would assess
the effect of Covid-19 on Ava's mental health
RCH is one of the world's leading hospitals which can majorly aid Ava's mental illness
with a long standing and strong commitment approaches. Psychological evaluation is the major
mental health tool that the registered nurse can use to understand and assess the impact and
effects of Ava's mental health issuances. This assessment is carried out by means of personal
interviews, relative psychometric tests and also by other recording with critical observations.
Children are vulnerable at their ages and they tend to lose their health fitness due to any sort of
infirmity or abnormalities. Interviewing and psychometric tests for Ava will be more efficient in
teaching her mental health conditions and the registered nurse will be able to foster
responsibilities with utmost attention and patient care (Malhi, Bharti and Sidhu, 2021, pp.481-
481). Ava worries and gets sick often due to her mental health issues. It is difficult for Ava to
understand the pandemic situation and act accordingly. The registered nurse can take a
comprehensive interview to learn about Ava's mental conditions. By this assessment it would
easy fort the registered nurse to assist Ava and help in intervening the mental health issues in
Ava. Mental health in small kids can affect adversely as they are too small to tackle the issuances
associated with mental health. Covid-19 has brought quarantine and small children are intended
to more vulnerabilities where they are inefficient of tackling mental health issues that are
associated with them (Impact of COVID-19 on child health and healthcare services; 2022).
Leaving of a family member altered Ava's behaviour as it was a difficult situation to tackle the
absence of the respective family member (Samji and et. al., 2022, p.415). Through psychological
evaluation, the registered nurse can foster the assessment and further treatment of the disease.
Explain how a registered nurse can incorporate Person and Family Centred Care (PFCC) theory
during immunisation series of care
Person and Family Centred Care (PFCC) is detailed about putting patients and their
families at the centre of everything. This is an approach to the planning, evaluating and

delivering of health care. Listening and regarding children with aid is involved in this process.
Nurses plays an essential part in successful implementation and execution of Family Centred
Care by giving Zero Harm care and not harming Ava's developmental episodes of patient care.
Zero harm majorly will aid in Ava's psychosocial developmental by letting Ava implement daily
work and not falling into any injury or health related issuance. By zero harm safety measure, Ava
can be given quality patient care and safety so that Ava feels safe within the environment and
grows fruitfully. Dignity and respect are a major interconnection that should be looked after by
Ava''s mother to take care of Ava efficiently in the immunisation care and mental health issues.
Sharing of information to mother about the feelings due to pandemic can aid Ava's mental health
progress and foster the building of a great relationship among family members. Participation in
learning and getting involved in good information sharing can be fruitful fir the child to enhance
growth and child mental developments (Moreno and et.al., 2020, pp.813-824). Mother are often
the first point of contact for patient and family care. During immunisation series of care,
registered nurse can show respect and collaborate with family members to aid the child's patient
care. Expressing gratitude and protecting child's right to children who are immunised should be
taken care with efficient patient care techniques. Each and every right of Ava should be taken
care of to foster the developmental stages of Ava's growth when the child is suffering with
mental health illness. Mental health has affected Ava's well-being (Schubert‐Bast and et. al.,
2019, pp.911-920). Family centred care is the most effective patient care as family plays an
important role in their child's growth and development and so the treatment should be formerly
sought from family members only.
Talk about strategies Ava’s mother can apply to aid Ava
Mother is the most crucial woman in everyone's life. A mother sacrifices happiness for
their child. Ava's mother is one who is seeing Ava refusing to attend kindergarten, crying
uncontrollably when a family member leaves the house, from this the mother is disturbed and is
worried about the child's development and well-being. Sharing of information can be major step
in treating Ava's mental illness and pandemic situations. Ava's mother can make regular
conversation with the daughter so that the child Ava can share all her activities, thoughts and
point views to mother (The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on child health and the provision
of Care in Paediatric Emergency Departments: a qualitative study of frontline emergency care
staff; 2021). Regular playtime and positive response towards activities can foster Ava's mental

health well-being. Maintenance of proper diet of Ava's interests can effectively aid Ava in
fighting to mental illness and this will ultimately direct the improve of Ava's mental health.
Planning to vacations and letting Ava explore the social life can change Ava's attitude towards
making friends and sharing her belongings with positive attitude. By creating positive home
environment will lead to Ava's early recovery from mental illness as this the reason why the
child is not able to attend kindergarten. Ava's non attending to school can majorly affect the
ideologies of living life and learning life sciences. Ava's mother can talk politely to Ava as this
will foster health and Ava would be able to respond positively towards life living (Venta, Bick
and Bechelli, 2021, pp.200-204). Ava's mother can chiefly nurture Ava's mental health by
building a strong relationship and providing impactful structure and boundaries. By fostering
independence of Ava's choices and encouraging social associations and also by teaching to
healthy habits and behaviours will foster fast mental health but keeping in mind about the Covid
pandemic as this cover all the health-related issuances which can alter Ava's health.
Give information on relevant professional aid services which are accessible for Ava and her
family
Children and young people are vulnerable and at risk so they should be treated with extra
care and attention from the very beginning of their mental well-being. Children and Young
People's Mental Services (CYPMHS) is services which works with children and young people
who have suffering from mental illness which will foster in aiding to Ava's difficulties with
mental health and well-being. Children and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) is
another service aid which can help in Ava's mental health treatment this is a former term which
is used for the main expert services within the broader CYPMHS which can be locally easily
available to Ava and family (Vyjayanthi, Banerjee, and Rao, 2020, pp.17-31). Parents and family
can also get direct aid with the services and help to deal with the behavioural or other related
difficulties with Ava experiences.

CONCLUSION
From the above discussion, it can be conferred the mental health is a major issue within
infants, children and adolescents which should not be neglected as this is a serious issue and
affects cognitive well-being of an individual. In Ava's case, the child is suffering with mental
health issues and is not able to cope up with the situations as the child is very small in age and is
not that mature to understand the pandemic crisis situations. Ava refuses to attend kindergarten
which is also affecting academic learning. Ava's mother is concerned about the child's health and
well-being and this concern has led to different aspect of assistance by a registered nurse.
Registered nurse assists the child efficiently to treat mental illness of Ava.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals:
Berk, L.E., 2022. Infants, children, and adolescents. SAGE Publications.
Di Nicola, V. and Daly, N., 2020. Growing up in a Pandemic: Biomedical and Psychosocial
Impacts of the COVID-19 Crisis on Children and Families. World Social Psychiatry, 2(2),
p.148.
Kumar, A. and Nayar, K.R., 2021. COVID 19 and its mental health consequences. Journal of
Mental Health, 30(1), pp.1-2.
Lateef, R., Alaggia, R. and Collin-Vézina, D., 2021. A scoping review on psychosocial
consequences of pandemics on parents and children: Planning for today and the
future. Children and Youth Services Review, 125, p.106002.
Malhi, P., Bharti, B. and Sidhu, M., 2021. Stress and parenting during the COVID-19 pandemic:
Psychosocial impact on children. Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 88(5), pp.481-481.
Moreno, C., Wykes, T., Galderisi, S., Nordentoft, M., Crossley, N., Jones, N., Cannon, M.,
Correll, C.U., Byrne, L., Carr, S. and Chen, E.Y., 2020. How mental health care should
change as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(9),
pp.813-824.
Samji, H., Wu, J., Ladak, A., Vossen, C., Stewart, E., Dove, N., Long, D. and Snell, G., 2022.
Mental health impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic on children and youth–a systematic
review. Child and adolescent mental health, 27(2), pp.173-189.Chaabane, S., Doraiswamy,
S., Chaabna, K., Mamtani, R. and Cheema, S., 2021. The impact of COVID-19 school
closure on child and adolescent health: a rapid systematic review. Children, 8(5), p.415.
Schubert‐Bast, S., Zöllner, J.P., Ansorge, S., Hapfelmeier, J., Bonthapally, V., Eldar‐Lissai, A.,
Rosenow, F. and Strzelczyk, A., 2019. Burden and epidemiology of status epilepticus in
infants, children, and adolescents: a population‐based study on German health insurance
data. Epilepsia, 60(5), pp.911-920.
Venta, A., Bick, J. and Bechelli, J., 2021. COVID-19 threatens maternal mental health and infant
development: possible paths from stress and isolation to adverse outcomes and a call for
research and practice. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 52(2), pp.200-204.
Vyjayanthi, N.V., Banerjee, D. and Rao, T.S., 2020. The Silent victims of the Pandemic:
Children and adolescents during the COVID-19. Journal of Indian Association for Child
and Adolescent Mental Health-ISSN 0973-1342, 16(3), pp.17-31.
Online
Combatting COVID-19 effects on children OECD (2020); Available through <
https://www.oecd.org/coronavirus/policy-responses/combatting-covid-19-s-effect-on-
children-2e1f3b2f/>
Impact of COVID-19 on child health and healthcare services (2022); Available through <
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8721860/>
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on child health and the provision of Care in Paediatric
Emergency Departments: a qualitative study of frontline emergency care staff (2021);
Available through <
https://bmchealthservres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12913-021-06284-9>