The Effects of Covid 19 on Mental Health

This dissertation explores the impact of COVID-19 on mental health among teenagers and adults in the UK. It covers the causes, effects, and strategies to reduce the impact of COVID-19 on mental health. The study aims to provide insights into the mental health issues faced by people during the pandemic.

EFFECT OF COVID-
19 ON MENTAL
HEALTH

Table of Contents
TITLE..............................................................................................................................................1
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION (1500)........................................................................................1
BACKGROUND.............................................................................................................................1
AIM..................................................................................................................................................2
RESEARCH OBJECTIVE..............................................................................................................2
RESEARCH QUESTIONS.............................................................................................................2
RATIONALE OF THE RESEARCH..............................................................................................2
SIGNIFICANE OF THE RESEARCH............................................................................................3
OVERVIEW OF THE STRUCTURE OF DISSERTATION.........................................................3
Chapter 1: Introduction...........................................................................................................3
Chapter 2: Literature review...................................................................................................3
Chapter 3: Research methodology..........................................................................................4
Chapter 4: Finding and results................................................................................................4
Chapter 5: Conclusion and recommendation.........................................................................4
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW (3500).............................................................................5
Concept of COVID-19 on mental health among teenager and adults in UK.........................5
Causes and impact of COVID-19 on mental health among teenager and adults in UK........7
Ways or strategies to reduce the impact of COVID-19 on mental health among teenager and
adults in UK..........................................................................................................................10
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY (3000)................................................................14
Research philosophy.............................................................................................................14
Research approach................................................................................................................17
Research strategies...............................................................................................................18
Research choice....................................................................................................................19
Research time horizon..........................................................................................................20
Research technique and procedure.......................................................................................20
CHAPTER 4: FINDING AND RESULTS (3000)........................................................................21
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION (1500)..........................................27
Conclusion............................................................................................................................27

Recommendation..................................................................................................................28
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................31

TITLE
“Effect of COVID-19 on mental health on teenager and adults”
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION (1500)
BACKGROUND
Mental health is defined as the cognitive, behavioural and the emotional wellbeing. In
addition, it is usually state that the behaviour of people which is based on the thinking, feeling
and many more. Moreover, the people with sometime use the term mental health in order to
express that the person is free form the mental illness or any kind of disorder (Singh and Singh,
2020). Therefore, the mental health may impact the daily living, activities, relationship and
physical health. In addition, the mental health may be affected due to the various of factor. In
this, the COVID-19 arises a factor which render the mental health of number of people which
may associated from the different age group. As per the data and information, it is well analysing
that the teenager is facing high range of mental health issue due to the COVID-19 (De Kock and
et. al., 2021). The COVID-19 pandemic has shown the disrupted or the halted situation which is
based on the critical mental health service which is approx. 93 percent of the countries in the
global level. In this, the demand for the mental health is enhancing and according to the new
WHO survey the mental health illness is rising due the impact of COVID-19. In addition to this,
the survey of the 130 countries that help to provide the first global data that used to show the
devastating impact of the COVID-19 on the access to the mental health service and they are
undergo for the urgent that show the need for the enhanced funding (Dubey and et. al., 2020).
Therefore, the survey used to publish that the WHO formulate some of the big events for mental
health, the global online which is called webinar has to be conducted in order to show the
advocacy events which is regulated on the 10 of October. The enhancing factor show the
pandemic demanded for the mental health service that include bereavement, isolation for the
social group and community which reduce the change of outdoor games, interaction and
communication and many more, loss of income and fear which used to trigger mental health
situation and condition that promote the existing ones. There are number of people who used to
face risk of enhanced utilisation of the resources and drug use. Moreover, the situation of the
insomnia and anxiety is common when taking the reference of COVID-19 aspect (Galea,
Merchant, and Lurie, 2020). Meanwhile, the pandemic show various situation which can lead to
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create the issue which is related with the neurological and mental complication that include
delirium, agitation and stroke and various disease. However, the people with the pre-existing
mental, neurological or the excess use of substance use disorder show their rationale within the
teenager during the period of COVID-19. This all condition is well associated with population
and they are highly vulnerable for the SARS-CoV2 infection that they are may stand with the
higher risk of severe outcome which is occur death (Sandesh and et. al., 2020).
AIM
To understand the effects of COVID-19 on Mental Health among teenager and adults in UK.
RESEARCH OBJECTIVE
 To analyse the concept of COVID-19 on mental health among teenager and adults in UK.
 To determine the causes and impact of COVID-19 on mental health among teenager and
adults in UK.
 To examine the ways or strategies to reduce the impact of COVID-19 on mental health
among teenager and adults in UK.
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
 What are the concept of COVID-19 on mental health among teenager and adults in UK?
 What are the causes and impact of COVID-19 on mental health among teenager and
adults in UK?
 What are the ways or strategies to reduce the impact of COVID-19 on mental health
among teenager and adults in UK?
RATIONALE OF THE RESEARCH
The rationale of the research indicates some of the aspect which is related with the COVID-
19 and mental health which develop knowledge and skill to reduce the effect formulate personal
and professional development. The knowledge and skills which is related with the mental health
during the COVID-19 helpful to play role in the development of professional knowledge and
skills. In addition, it is also configuring that there are wide range of people used to suffer such
issue and they require medical support. The research helps to access the knowledge and provide
support to the those who require mental health advice and care. this positive approach may useful
to contribute within the professional development. In addition, the personal development is also
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underlying when the research is in process. Moreover, the knowledge and skill play role for the
personal develop when anyone rather than the professional aspect require support and care for
their mental health issue. In addition, the personal and professional development is initiated as
per the conducting of research.
SIGNIFICANE OF THE RESEARCH
The research shows their significance while developing knowledge which is associated with
the concept, effect and intervention for the mental health issue which is happen among the
teenager in UK due to COVID-19. The mental health issue is the trending aspect which is
followed within the COVID-19. Therefore, it creates effect on the mental state of teenager and
adults due to the perspective of social isolation which restrict the limit in order to perform
activities and task that is related with the mental health. The adult also faces number of issue due
the loss of income, loss of job and many more. The significance of the research indicates that the
projection which is based on the perpetuate factor that provide relevance towards the adult who
become panic and getting stress in the COVID-19, after a long time they are used live in such
situation which may create issue with the mental health. Therefore, the major of mental health
problem which is determined during the COVID-19 is depression, anxiety, stress, eating
disorder, insomnia and many more. Therefore, the research is helpful to find the ways which is
based on the intervention and strategies which is equitable and help to perform such of the
activities that reduce the complication and promote healthy lifestyle and behaviour.
OVERVIEW OF THE STRUCTURE OF DISSERTATION
Chapter 1: Introduction
The introduction section used to explain the concept and some of the dimension which is
related with the topic. They majorly include the theme of the topic and their division which
discussed the definition of mental health and factor that contribute during COVID-19 that affect
mental health. The introduction section allows to elaborate about the different significance and
rationale of the research that help to develop personal and professional develop that is related
with the provided research topic (Morin and et. al., 2022).
Chapter 2: Literature review
The literature is referring as the piece of academic writing elaborate knowledge and
understanding towards the selected topic which shows the effect of COVID-19 on mental among
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teenager and adults. Moreover, this section allows to critically evaluate of the objective that
prepared with the help to chosen aim (Das, Behera, and Paital, 2022).
Chapter 3: Research methodology
In this chapter, the discussion is used to build on specific process and procedure that related with
the technique which is used in order to determine, select, process and analyse information which
is related with topic. In addition, the effect of COVID-19 on mental health among teenager and
adult require aspect of data collection method and many more. This chapter help to explore the
knowledge regards with the aspect which is followed in the collection and selection of data and
information (He and et. al., 2022).
Chapter 4: Finding and results
The chapter is help to allow the reader in order to explain the overall finding of the study. The
finding indicates the outcome which is obtain while studying and gathering of the information
that is related with the topic. The result is useful aspect which is help to derive the concept,
challenge and causes that related with the risk factor arise due to the complication of mental
health illness. It also demonstrates about the strategies which is useful to play key role in
minimising the impact of mental health issue among teenager and adults (Robinson and et. al.,
2022).
Chapter 5: Conclusion and recommendation
The conclusion is useful, they used to show the aspect of the overall study which is functional
and used to create knowledge regards with the chosen topic. The recommendation is also based
on the chosen topic which help to inform regarding the issue and complication related with the
mental health. Recommendation often provide aspect to improve the impact which is related with
the complication of mental health among teenager and adults (Ćosić and et. al., 2020).
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CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW (3500)
Literature review can introduce to main and a systematic procedure of collecting the secondary
information corresponding to topic. In this, there are various secondary sources like books,
articles as well as publication research that are quite relevant to topic. Main purpose of doing
literature review is to effectively analyse research gaps in earlier studies. In the current research,
main gap in this is impact of COVID-19 on mental health among teenager and adults in UK. In
past studies, there were lots of information corresponding to mental health among people but
there were lack of information about impacts of COVID-19 on mental well-being in young and
older adults across UK. It is a main gap and for overcoming this, there are some interventions
and strategies to reduce impact of COVID-19 on mental health among teenager and adults across
United Kingdom.
Concept of COVID-19 on mental health among teenager and adults in UK
The mental health of the UK children and adults was reducing before the pandemic. In
addition, the health educational and the social outcome for the children with the aspect of mental
health are used to show various condition that worse than the previous cohort (Wagner and et.
al., 2022). The aspect which is related between the 2004 and 2017 anxiety, depression and self-
harm which is enhanced in such a way that derive the project among the teenager. Self-harm is
also essential aspect which is show the risk factor of suicide, so that they do not surprise due to
the rising cases of rate of suicide among the UK children and adult which is enhanced and
predominantly show the factor which is create complication. Moreover, with the help to number
they show remain low with the age group in that fewer are less than the 100 people are under the
age of 18 are usually died due to the suicide each year in the UK with the statistic which refer
show 2014 to 2016 (Repon and et. al., 2021).
While taking the depth study, during the COVID-19, it is well recommended that there are
some of the families is used to taking the mental illness in the normal way and they are coping
well. Whereas, the several of them are facing the issue of financial adversity, struggling to home
school and risk of experiencing which is vicious cycle in order to enhance the distress.
Probability show the number of people teenager and adults are used to show the issue of mental
health during the COVID-19 (Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in the general
population: A systematic review, 2020). According to the England mental health and children
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and young people survey the indicative data show that the 10.8 percent in 2017 to 16 percent in
July 2020 across all age, sex and ethnic group are included within the report. In addition, the
self-selected sample which is related with the study show that the 2673 parent are used to
recruited with the help of social media (Hall, 2020). It shows deterioration of the mental health
and enhance the behavioural aspect that consider the issue among the children with the age of 4
to 11 years which is between March to May in the year 2020 during the period of lockdown. In
addition, they also reduce the emotional symptoms among the 11-16 years. Therefore, they are
more socioeconomically deprived with the aspect of respondent which is showing the
consistently worse mental health in the both factor of survey. The warning was used to introduce
which is showing the respondent behaviour which is facing with the worse situation of mental
health in the comprised survey. The economic recession is usually expected to the enhance risk
for the families that they are related with financial strain (Yıldırım and Güler, 2021).
In this, the COVID-19 is usually interrupted and show various difficulties towards the
children and adult regards with the mental health. In addition, the pandemic which is based on
the process of research that has been underway that make access the impact on the teenager and
adults but the research shows poor aspect that they can potentially mislead the truth and create
biasness regards with the standpoint. In addition to this, the global, collaborative and continuous
updated project which is related with the aspect which is called DEPRESSD which is search for
the journals in order to generate more knowledge regards with the concept of COVID-19 on
mental health among the teenager and adults (Impact of COVID-19 on mental health and quality
of life: Is there any effect? A cross-sectional study of the MENA region. 2021). The COVID-19
crises have shown significance in term of factor which affect the lives of teenager and adult
within the age range of 15 years to 24-year-old. Therefore, there are number of available
evidence who used to show some of the significant point that create alarming situation in the
mental health illness among the chosen age group (von Keyserlingk and et. al., 2022). In some of
the countries, the sharing of adult who used to experience various symptoms of the anxiety and
depression which was more than the comparison with the twice as high the current received data
that is best available with the aspect of before crises. In the united states, it is also analysed that,
in march 2021, 43 percent of 18-29-year-old which is reported with the symptoms of the
perorated anxiety that show significantly from the 10 percent of 18-34-year-old in the term of
January to June 2019. There are some of the pattern which is similar in nature and show basic
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evident with the aspect of depression. While taking the aspect of Belgium, it is well analysed that
the share of 16 to 24-year-old experiencing the symptoms of depression which is understood at
the level of 29 percent in the core factor of April at 2020 (Kim Nyengerai, and).
Day to day the rising cases of the COVID-19 and their factor which my contributed in the
mental health issue. in addition, the evolving complication of the COVID-19 pandemic are used
to set against the long standing concern about the eradication mental health among the children
and young people and they show inadequacy of the service provision which is instead and
understood. Therefore, the children are used to show the lowest risk which is associated with the
COVID-19, concern with the signal that is remain about the pandemic which show the effects on
their mental health which is associated with the risk of uneven experience with several age group
and socioeconomic circumstance (Dawson and Golijani-Moghaddam, 2020). In addition, the
long term effect is remaining uncertain and show the complication with the self-harm when the
individual is indulging with the issue for the longer period. Therefore, the proper counselling is
used to provide among teenager and adult to reduce the rising cases of mental health issue and
complication (Impact of COVID-19 on Public Mental Health and the Buffering Effect of a Sense
of Coherence, 2020). The policy maker used to must recognise the importance of education to
the social media and mental health derivation which show the outcome. Through this, the
appropriate focus on the employment and economic prospect are used to take along with this.
The concept of the COVID-19 on mental health is well understand regards with the rising cases
and arising complication which may create difficulties with the survival of teenager and adults
(Mendenhall, 2020).
Causes and impact of COVID-19 on mental health among teenager and adults in UK
As per view of Shweta Singh (2020), the pandemic has disrupted critical mental well-being
services in approximately 93% of countries across globe while demand for mental well-being is
quite enhancing abruptly. It has been depicted that as compared with older people, the epidemic
may proceed to have enhanced long term unfavourable consequences over children and young
adults. In this, nature as well as level of influence on this particular age group is mainly depends
on various weak elements like educational status, growing age, consisting special requirements,
having existing mental well-being issues, having poor economic status, people being quarantined
due to fear of contamination and many other (Marques et. al., 2021).
Impact on teenagers.
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Across globe, prior Lock-down learning of teenagers or adolescents predominantly involved
in closer interactions with their educators, mentors and with groups of friends. Unfortunately, the
closure of educational institutions across globe have generally make negative impact over nearly
about 91% of nation's teenager population. Due to this, teenagers were not able to go out from
their homes and does not able to continue their studies properly. This can affect most of
teenager’s physical activities which they were doing in their normal days. Teenagers were not
able to explore their creativities, their ideas or extracurricular activities which they used to do
prior Lock-down. This can greatly impact on their health, especially on their mental health. It is
identified that during lock-down, most of teenager’s population were not able to do any physical
activity which in results affect their health such as gaining weight leads to causing obesity or
overweight. In this, having obesity as an illness is generally a group of diseases, such as it can
cause various associated diseases such as cardiovascular illness, diabetes and many more. In
addition, some of teenagers have generally showed reduced affects for not being able to meet
their friends, play games such as outdoor plays and not able to take part in extracurricular
activities (Morgado, Cruz, and Peixoto, 2022).
Such type of teenagers does not involve any impact over their mental health. According to
the view of author, it is identified that several adolescents and young adults are depressed or
anxious due to cancellation of their examination, other academic programs and so on. Due to
COVID-19, it can greatly impact on educational institutions leading to shut down and started
academic classes or examinations online. This is generally being done to maintain social
distancing and isolation in the time of pandemic (Impact of COVID-19 and Lock-down on mental
health of children and adolescents, 2020). There are some major drawbacks of conducting online
such as teenagers were not doing their daily activities or exercises which can make them to
develop various illness that can affect their well-being. Furthermore, it can impact their
behaviour that can ultimately affect mental health. In this, having fear of infection among
teenagers can also make negative impact over their mental health leading to dysfunction in
occupational, social, psychological and many more. It can lead to various complications
associated with mental and neurological like agitation, delirium and stroke as well. In this,
teenagers who are having pre-existing mental or neurological consequences and drug abuse are
specifically more prone towards coronavirus contamination and may stand a greater risk of
developing adverse results, in some cases even death also (Sifat, 2020).
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Impact on adults.
While talking about young and old age group people, stress is a prime component that a
child contains when he/she born. During stress, people generally face a level of depression or
anxiety that is biologically associated with their health (May, Sehgal and Hand, 2022). During
outbreak of coronavirus and Lock-down, it can have an adverse impact on both social and
emotional development which directly affect their mental health. During ongoing epidemic,
among children, it is found that they are having symptoms of clinginess as well as having a fear
that their family members can get contaminated or infected with virus. In context with adults,
there are lots of consequences that were experienced by adults during pandemic such as loss of
income, closure of their businesses, lack of physical activities, increasing body weights and many
more, all can contribute towards affecting mental health of an individual.
As per view of Nirmita Panchal (2021), during pandemic, majority of people shares the
symptoms of anxiety, depression, physical distress, low self-esteem, substance abuse and
sometimes suicide also. These all symptoms are occurred due to loss of employment or particular
issues that can lead to reduced economic conditions. During COVID-19 pandemic, adult people
in home with loss of employment or reduced income generally reports increased rates of
symptoms of mental disease other than those people who are having their employment (The
Implications of COVID-19 for Mental Health and Substance Use, 2021). In other cases, some
people also started drinking alcohol excessively due to loss of their employment, this can result
in negative thoughts, change in behaviour, mental thoughts lead to suicide. At the time of virus
outbreak, concerns about mental well-being as well as drugs abuse have increased, consisting
concerns about thoughts of self-destruction. Previous year 2021, approximately about 41% of
people are specifically reported with having symptoms of depression and anxiety (Drach‐
Zahavy and et. al., 2022). It is identified by a survey in June 2020, that nearly about 13% of adult
people reported with drug abuse due to having stress of infection and about 10% of people were
reported having thoughts of self-destruction in the last 30 years. In this, rates of suicide among
adults has been increasing or may get worsen due to outbreak of viral infection. In context with
employment, various important workers such as care professionals generally faces a number of
difficulties consisting risk of having viral infection while coming in contact with COVID
patients. It is quite challenging for healthcare professionals to deal with infectious patients and
9

prevent them from contamination. Still, they are doing their job with full potential efforts (Tao
et. al., 2021).
In this, there are various ways in which outbreak of coronavirus has impacted the mental
ability of people, mainly with broad spread social isolation that is resulting from essential safety
measures. There is an association of loneliness and social isolation towards both reduced
physical and mental well-being. The broad experience of loneliness now become a global public
well-being concern even before epidemic, provided its link with decreased life span as well as
elevated risk of both the physical and mental disorders (Shillitoe and et. al., 2022). In the late
March 2020, various issues were registered who are staying at home generally those who are
sheltering in place can involve various mental well-being effects resulting from stress and
anxiety associated with viral infection as compared with those people who does not sheltering in
place. In addition, among adults, there is also a reason of having mental health issues such as
lack of physical activity. This can make adults to increase their weight which ultimately leads to
rise in various illnesses such as obesity, cardiovascular illness and many more. In young adults,
they are quite conscious towards their health and due to outbreak, they do not able to perform
their daily activities which can make them to put on weights. This can cause impacts over their
physical and mental health specifically lead to having depression. From history, it is depicted
that mental well-being issues across population generally outlasts various physical impacts,
determining that increasing mental well-being requirements nowadays will continue well beyond
the outbreak of viral infection. Such as, reasoning of psychological bell on care professionals
during pandemic outbreak generally found that psychological distress among people can last up
to 3-4 years after viral infection outbreak (Hawke et. al., 2021).
Ways or strategies to reduce the impact of COVID-19 on mental health among teenager and
adults in UK
There are various ways or strategies to overcome impact of COVID-19 outbreak on mental
health such as post-traumatic stress, frustration, confusions, anger, boredom and many more
among teenagers and adult people across United Kingdom. During outbreak of viral infection,
quarantine is generally a separation as well as restraint of an individual who have potentially
been exposed towards a communicable illness to determine if they become unwell, so decreasing
the developing risk of infecting other people also (McGorry and et. al., 2022). During major
outbreak of infectious disease, quarantine and isolation are an essential preventive measure
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which government would have taken in order to overcome or prevent the public from infection.
From a survey report, it is identified that quarantine and social isolation are frequently linked
with various negative aspects or psychological impacts causing mental health issues among
teenagers and adults in United Kingdom and across globe. And, to effectively overcome the
leading cause among population, there is a need to find ways so that pandemic impact on mental
health can be reduced (Hamza et. al., 2021).
As per view of Samantha (2020), there are some interventions or ways to reduce the impact
of infection on mental health among population such as providing much more information about
outbreak of COVID-19 to population, give adequate supplies towards people who are quarantine,
decrease boredom and increase effective communication and many more. In this, people who are
generally quarantined or isolated frequently involves a fear of being infected by other people
(The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the
evidence,2020). During quarantine, they often involve fear of loneliness, isolated from their
family members ultimately results in having mental symptoms such as anxiety, depression, anger
and many more. In addition, providing much more information about infection that how to
handle situation if someone is facing any viral infection. Information will help people to manage
situations and get to know about how they can effectively deal with it such as frequently washing
hands with soap and water, cover face with mask and so on. Being a teenager is quite
challenging no matter what, and the outbreak of viral infection can be making it harder. With
shut-down of educational institutions and cancelled programs, various children and teenagers are
generally missing out their opportunities of their young lives along with every day moments such
as communication with friends, relatives as well as participating in daily class activities. Most of
people who generally lose their employment, children or teenagers are facing such life changing
only due to coronavirus outbreak. They are feeling anxious, disappointed, isolated, depressed and
so on. In order to reduce such impacts of viral infection among them, there is a need to aware
them that they are not alone (Lanza-León et. al., 2021).
Here are some other interventions which positively help people to overcome their mental
issues caused by contagious outbreak (How teenagers can protect their mental health during
COVID-19, 2020). It can involve such as aware people that their anxiety is completely normal,
create distractions from things that impact over their mental health, find new pathways to
communicate or contact with loved ones to reduce impact of COVID-19, aware people about
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their hobbies so that they can stay engaged with their favourite activities and so on. These such
things can effectively help teenagers and adult people to overcome their mental issues by doing
things. In addition to this, recognizing the anxiety levels generally going to help people to make
appropriate decisions on right time such as not spending much time with group of people,
washing hands more frequently with soap and water, do not touching face frequently, wearing
masks every time and so on. These such small things can positively protect not one but many
people as well. Providing much information about coronavirus and how to deal with such things
can make people to effectively overcome their occurring mental issues so that they can also live
their life more freely and happily. Furthermore, concentrating on own-self as well as finding
ways in order to utilize time which is now available as a high way to take care of mental well-
being. It can also positively affect in people's life as knowing more about own can allow
individual to improve their well-being which are negatively affecting such as if someone is
suffering with stress or any depression. Self-knowledge can help to know what reasons are
causing things negatively and how people can deal with situations to overcome its causes (Kira
et. al., 2021).
Impacts of doing physical activity to reduce mental health issues.
During isolation, in order to reduce mental health issues, people must observe and follow
their hobbies or interests in their quality time so that they can stay connected with their hobbies
and enhance their skills. Doing physical activities can also play an essential role to reduce mental
issues among public. Doing daily physical activity can make an individual much stronger as well
as it can also maintain a blood circulation across body properly. Regular exercise can effectively
enhance mental well-being by effectively deceasing depression, anxiety as well as negative mood
or behaviours. It can positively enhance self-esteem and cognitive functions as well. In addition
to this, in some cases, exercise has also been showed to increase symptoms like social
withdrawal and low self-esteem. Doing physical activity on regular basis can also sharp thinking
and memory such as during exercise human body can release hormone known as endorphins that
is responsible for feeling good and also help to focus and feel mentally sharp for tasks at hand.
Through this, an individual can also sleep much better so that their health can stay well.
Furthermore, doing regular physical exercise or activity can effectively enhance well-being as
well as can decrease the developing risk of various severe illness along with mental issues such
as obesity, cardiovascular illness, cancer, and diabetes. In addition, having physical exercise
12

generally involve immediate as well as long term well-being benefits. Most essentially, daily
physical activity can effectively enhance the quality of life (Journault et. al., 2021).
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CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY (3000)
Research methodology is defined as the specific procedure and technique which is used to
determine, select and analyse the information which is related with the topic. In the process of
research, the methodology chapter used to provide some of the evaluation and technique in order
to evaluate the study and validity of the research with proper identification of reliability. The
section allows the reader to analyse the method, approach is used within the research to select
and collect the data and information (Tran and et. al., 2020).
Research philosophy
In addition to this, the research philosophy is defined as the set of principle that show
concern towards the worldwide or stance from which the research is usually conducted. It is
optimally analysing the study is based on the core aspect of ontology and epistemology.
Whereas, the ontology reported that they are authenticate for the selected information which is
collected with the wide source. In addition, epistemology refers to the valid information and data
required for the research and how one can obtain it. The position which is used in the base of
academic studies that are often divided into the term of positivism and interpretivisim. It usually
claims which is individual have towards the own perception and understanding that related of
reality. With this, there are defined three main philosophies that related with the research
philosophy, in addition, they play role in the determination of concept and show the reliability
with the aspect of process and procedure (Gopalan and et. al., 2021). It may include:
Ontology: It is referring the study that is associated with the aspect of less and more with
the reference to reality. Whether, the reality indicates the straighten of the topic which is related
with effect of COVID-19 on mental health among teenager and adult. The topic is real and based
on the hundred percent of reality, so the research is conducted in the appropriate for the set of
data collection (Fofana and et. al., 2020). In addition, there are various aspect and ideas which is
related with mind when they are conducting research that has a relationship viewpoint of social
aspect and group towards the mental health issue. The ontology also indicates that the origin of
word which is related with the what and how and show the significance of chosen topic that
indicate the relation with the reality. The objective and the research question is more validated
with the context of reality and the research philosophy indicate the nature of reality so the data is
14

real and functional which provide aspect of learning and pursuing of knowledge (Garcini and et.
al., 2020).
Overall, the ontology is specifically describing with the various rationale part that provide
relevance with the concept of philosophy within the methodology. It includes objectivism,
pragmatism and constructivism. Therefore, the objectivism usually helps to pick the issue which
is based on the social events and in this, the COVID-19 is social cause which disrupted the
societal function and their working and also formulate social issue. In addition, it also useful to
narrate the impact which is based on the social aspect and phenomena that is related with the
various people. Therefore, the step of the ontology also used to reveal the aspect that is
constructivism which is used to propose the people who have ability to generate the strategic
movement towards the social issue, the way, pattern and dimensional which is creating pathway
for the development is enough reliable to make determination among the teenager to deal with
mental health issue (Upadhyaya and et. al., 2020).
Ontological
commitment
Nature of reality Objectivism Maintain the reality.
Constructivism Maintain that human
construct such as
identity, reality and
aspect of knowledge.
Nature of experience
based on human
Deterministic Psychological
functioning.
Narrative Environmental and
personal variable
Nature related with
human
Information model Treat as rationale,
analytic and goals.
Meaning model Engage in the
construction of
meaning.
Epistemology: The epistemology is defined as the how they have obtained the knowledge
and come in order to make understanding that related with the things. In the simple words, it is
well defined as they can figure out the aspect of reality and allow to set the limit that is based on
15

the knowledge are. Therefore, they show the gross oversimplification which is show useful
aspect in the contrast with the starting point which is no longer available that help to cover the
factor of ontological viewpoint (Li and et. al., 2020). In addition, they are making the accept the
knowledge which is related with the topic known as effect of COVID-19 among teenager and
adults. The topic helps to indicate and develop the knowledge which is associated with the field
of research and provide information that link with the testing of research question that is real.
However, the positivism, critical realism and interpretivism that show the philosophies condition
under the activity of epistemology on the worldwide. They help to provide the some of the aspect
that provide explanation that accept the knowledge of skill of people. In addition, there are
various factor which shoe the similar difference which is related with the realism that does not
support and configure the scientific approach that is related with positivism in the expected
manner (Weerakoon, Jetelina, and Knell, 2020).
Epistemological
commitment
Relationship between
researcher and
phenomena observed
Dualism Phenomena observed
and scientific
observation.
Horizon fusion Observer not separate
from phenomena
Process of research
and aspect of
knowledge.
Linear process Universal
Circle of hermeneutic Revision and
knowledge is
contextual.
Axiology: It is referring as the philosophy which is based on the other in order to know the
thought, feeling and the opinion and their effect in the concept of collection and selection of data
that play role in the production of outcome that derive quotient. While taking the understanding
towards the fact of axiology with the study of mental health issue during the COVID-19, then it
is useful to get other opinion regards with the topic which may show the people standpoint and
viewpoint for the proper collection of data and information and helpful to create proper
understanding while carrying out the research and develop quality-based knowledge (Zhao and
et. al., 2020).
Axiological Terminal goals Positivist paradigm Explanation
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commitments Interpretivist
paradigm
Understanding
Instrumental goals Foundationalism Internal consistency
Anti-foundationalism Persuasiveness
Research approach
Deductive: While conducting the research, the deductive approach is used in order to
generate effective research factor which may be contributed with the process and procedure.
While taking the contrast of deductive approach, it is well identified that the flow of collecting
and generating the data or the information is associated with the generic to specific. In the other
hand, the deductive approach is useful to provide an investigation factor that consistently
providing a change in the physical properties of stimulus as per time to time. Moreover, it is
based on the evolution theory that provide a root craft for the collection and study of data. While
conducting the research process with the context of effect of covid-19 in mental health of
teenagers and adults are source a respect to factors that provide a set of statistics and theory
which plan over the root of effects, causes and symptoms. In addition to this, the deductive
approach is usually initiated with the help of theory and they are usually quantifying based on
quantitative research factor (Benke and et. al., 2020).
Therefore, quantitative research usually tends to reflect a deductive approach that usually
informed by positivist philosophy. The reason of using the deductive approach in this research is
to select and quantify the quantitative research that typically begin with the theory as a
foundation. Whereas, the research progress is usually helpful to provide some of the aspect that
is related with the research question. While taking the contrast of a broader understanding, the
theory is usually applied on the particular context, event, observation that support the reliable
and validated aspect with the theory in the concept of evolution. As per the above analysis, the
causes and intervention are usually a wider concept. In this research process which take some of
the study or the analysis which is generic to specific in order to reduce the complication and
provide better outcome regards with the chosen topic (Chander and et. al., 2021).
Inductive: In the inductive approach, it is also taken under the consideration of research in
order to collect the qualitative data. Whereas, the inductive approach is usually helpful to collect
the data from the qualitative because they are tending to follow the aspect of theory concept
17

description and many more (Chandu and et. al., 2020). The inductive approach is usually
formulating theory from research rather than initiating any project with the theory of foundation.
Moreover, the inductive approach is also helpful to study the unknown isolated community and
the social group. Moreover, in the research process with the chosen topic of effect of covid-19 on
mental health among teenagers and adults is useful to provide little knowledge regarding with the
social group interference and community perspective. The research is conducted in order to gain
information which is based on the community and leading to the creation of theories and
description that useful and the routing of information and data. The inductive approach is
generally used within the qualitative research that is applied in the research due to the selection
of mixed-method that follow qualitative and quantitative both (Dutta, 2020).
Research strategies
In this, the research strategy is helpful to amplify and configure the ways or the path within
the research process to identify and determine the several approaches that is helpful to collect
and gather the information that is associated with the research topic the effect of covid-19 on
mental health among teenagers and adults. The topic shows the perspective of research process
where the concept and the theories are used to applied in such a pattern which is helpful to
elucidate the data appropriately. The research strategy includes experimental research, case
study, action research and many more that is reliable and validated to collect relevant
information related with the chosen topic (Elhai and et. al., 2020).
Experimental: Experimental research is usually involve manipulating variables to observe
a change in another variable that is known as independent variable and dependent variable.
While taking the aspect of some other words, they are reliable to provide the relationship
between the variables which is related with the selected topic (Wilson and et. al., 2020). While
taking the context of chosen topic, the experimental research is helpful for the topic to provide
support and validate the prepared research question. In addition to this, research strategy has a
useful principle to provide scientific method and it is usually conducted within a controlled
environment or setting to provide information and data that plays a relevancy regards with the
effect of covid-19 on mental health. The mental health is a vast topic that usually discussed
among the various social studies, social group, and community. It provides scientific scenarios
and used to be play effective role in the development of knowledge for professional and personal
level (Ernstsen and et. al., 2021).
18

Case study: While processing the research and the appropriate way the case study research
strategy is helpful aspect to analysis a detailed or in-depth study related with the topic. It is better
to understand with the help of example where a group or a person or an institution or any event
phenomena or issue is used to be started in the appropriate way (Werneck and et. al., 2021). With
the help of techniques and tools for the deeper knowledge is comes under the category of case
study research strategy. In this type of research, the topic is usually analysed to create in depth
understanding of the issues in a real-life setting. While taking the context of mental health issue
that is during the covid that shows various impact and, on the teenagers, and adults in the real
life. There various causes and risk factor due to the mental health issues that reduce their strength
and ability. In addition to this, the objective which is gained due to the in-depth understanding is
usually helpful to generalize the finding and result when accumulative evaluation of the topic is
underlying (Hamza and et. al., 2021).
Action research: The action research is helpful to inform the research process the problem is
related with communication within the real world. With respect of action research, there are
various strength that usually focus on the participants which shows that the people usually
involved in the issue that is being studied. It helps to provide some of the outcome that is referred
to the participant action research in the context with the covid-19 on mental health. The causes
and interventions are used to be followed within the participant action research. In this analysis,
there are usually implemented to help the community and social group (Meo and et. al., 2020).
Research choice
Mixed method: (Qualitative + quantitative)
The mixed-method is usually used under the conduction of research to process and gather
the information with the aspect of numeric and non-numeric data and information. In addition to
this, the qualitative and quantitative method are usually used within the research process and
procedure for the appropriate data collection and information. Therefore, the qualitative research
method involves collecting and analysing of data in numerical form which generally include
video, text and audio to understand the concept, opinion and experiences (Pappa and et. al.,
2020).
The qualitative research is usually opposite to the quantitative research because they are
considered numerical data for the statistical analysis. Moreover, the qualitative research is most
commonly used in the humanities and in the aspect of social sciences theory for the production
19

of appropriate concept and thesis regards with their associated topic. They are usually including
anthropology, sociology, education, health sciences and many more. In this research process, the
qualitative method of the choice is helpful to observe the concept causes and intervention in the
non-numeric way that provide a relevance for the implementation of policies, action plan and
care plan for the teenagers and adults people who are facing the consequences of mental health
due to arise of covid-19. Usually, some most common qualitative methods are interviews, focus
groups, survey and secondary research (Pieh and et. al., 2021).
The quantitative research is defined as a methodology of a researcher used to analyse and
evaluate which is related with the people's attitude and behaviour which is usually based on the
numerical and statistical evidence. Therefore, the researchers are usually observed the number of
samples of the user with the help of survey process which defined in the research strategies
which is indirectly helpful for the measurable and bias free data about the users in the relevant
situations (Riiser and et. al., 2020).
Research time horizon
Longitudinal time horizon: In this research process, the longitudinal time horizon is used to
process the research appropriately. The researcher usually used repeatedly exam in the same
individual to identify any changes that might of the over some time. In addition, the longitudinal
studies usually show the type of correlation that is associated in the research which is focused by
researcher to observe and collect the data with the various number of variables that is
independent and dependent variable (Savage and et. al., 2020). While conducting the research,
there are various dependent and independent variable are used to be segmented that shows
teenagers and adults are independent variable. Whereas, the effect and causes of the covid-19 is
dependent variable, this number of data or the information shows of a factor that they are trying
to influence those variables. In this research process, the cross-sectional time origin is also
analysed but they are not associated because the longitudinal studies are usually following the
same sample of people over the time to analyse the changes. In addition, the teenagers and adults
have associated sample the research process which is analysed over time to time with the
reference of mental health issues during the covid-19 (Rossi and et. al., 2020).
Research technique and procedure
The technique and procedures which is used within the research process to show some of the
aspect which is related with the collection method which is analysed with the help of survey and
20

measurable hypothesis (Yıldırım and et. al., 2020). It is related with the sampling process by
considering some of the population. In addition, the self-questionnaire is also used to provide
data in terms of feedback or from the opinion of the participants which is selected as per the
simple random sample. Moreover, the sources of the environment are used to be consist with the
proper timeline with the effective cost. It creates a predominant factor along with the research
process which is showing choices regards with the specific technique and procedures (San Juan
and et. al., 2021).
CHAPTER 4: FINDING AND RESULTS (3000)
There is high impact of covid-19 on individual mental health all over the globe. This
create a high impact on every individual of a different country. This includes 93% of countries
all over the globe that have his mental health issue. There is a impact of covid-19 over large
population all over the globe especially in Europe which has shown a devastating impact on the
access of mental health services which create urgent need for enhanced funding within healthcare
services. There are a large number of the population who need to get connect with health care
services that can provide mental health services. People my face depression and anxiety which
are high impacts of mental health issue all over the globe which create due to impact of covid-19.
Pandemic has also shown various situation which was related with mental complications along
with neurological complication agitation, delirium and another different disease. People may also
face excess use of substance abuse disorder in their adult or teenager impact of covid-19 period.
These all the conditions were highly associated with impact of covid-19 which created a
pandemic on the globe especially in Europe which lead to creating the various outcome which
lead to create a situation of death.
Before covid-19 every people were spending their quality life but after the introduction of
covid-19 pandemic, there was a huge change in their living lifestyle. Due to impact of covid-19
virus spread very quickly which is needed to ensure the safety regarding the health of every
individual across globe. In this, due to not having proper information related with covid-19,
created the situation of lockdown within various countries which allowed to stay safe from the
spread of virus and getting infected which have a devastating impact on individual health. It was
also difficult to handle the situation due to not having proper right information related with
covid-19 which created an impact to make people enforces to stay at their home and their
premises which can make them safe from getting infected from the covid-19 virus. Due to
21

getting isolated from other individual people face a different situation in which they are not able
to physically meet with their loved ones like their friends and another individual. Teenagers and
adults were like to meet their friends and others loved ones on their regular life. It also enforces
them to stay at their home or premises which make them suffocate from the home environment.
It has also find out that covid-19 has created high impact on teenagers and adults within
large population of Europe. There are large number of cases of depression and anxiety within
teenagers and adults. This created negative health impact along with needed for mental health
care services in large numbers. Due to increased cases of mental health-related issue leads to
high burden on healthcare settings within all over the globe. There was need to create high
impact through getting different healthcare professionals who can able to manage this situation
more effectively. Covid-19 created high mental health illness on the large population especially
within teenagers and adults due to sudden change in their quality of life along with their lifestyle.
Some teenagers like to meet with their peers and like to visit places which ware highly effective
and improving their quality of life but due to impact of covid-19, they needed to stay at their
home which resist them to going outside which create in depression and anxiety and leads to
create a mental illness with a large population. Teenagers were highly affected through this and
adult who are working were losing their job. Due to this impact especially businessmen who
were performing their business in small shops, outlets they needed to stay at their home which
create a financial burden on their family and not able to survive the situation without earning.
This situation also leads to increase cases of depression and develop need for mental healthcare
services. Here, they also needed to spend some amount for getting the service that created high
impact on their financial burden and that also impacting their personal life and leads to create a
mental illness and cause of death.
It has also find out that due to impact of global lockdown, it created huge impact on
adult's job. Many companies were terminating their employee which create the situation of job
loss on mass level. This also creating domesticating impact on individual who lose their job in
that pandemic situation and create situation of anxiety and depression. This also related with the
financial burden to carry out their normal life to fulfill their basic needs and health care services.
This also enforces them to live lower quality of life due to lack of financial impact. They were
also not able to consume good food and take care of their health more effectively. This also
create the situation all over the family especially teenagers and adults who were not able to
22

manage or handle this situation more effectively and cause mental illness. There were also resist
to share their situation with their other family member and friends to get external help and facing
their financial burden situation own-self. This create an introduction of slowly anxiety and
depression which harm their mental health. This situation also increases the health care services
and especially on mental health where services were limited and needed for more potential
healthcare staff member to handle such type of impact of pandemic situation related with mental
health more effectively.
It has also found that due to impact of covid-19 various families were also facing the
mental illness in a normal way due to coping well and face financial adversity. Through
struggling and risk through virus which includes the irritation in taking care about home and
school which also lead to enhance the distress. Some many teenagers and adults get also
impacted due to covid-19 and develop some mental disorder like anxiety or depression also in
Europe where young people indicates about a 10.8% within 2017 who were suffering from
mental illness which increases upto 16% in July 2020. These are highly effective and enhanced
during the impact of covid-19 pandemic due to continuously facing the situation of not getting
outside and meeting physically with other people. This create difficulty in spending their normal
life and social media play an important role in making virtually contact with other people due to
continuous use of social media. It also leads to create a mental impact on individual behavior
within teenagers which are highly attractive towards social media and during the lockdown, this
create a high impact and continuous visiting to social media lead to create a negative impact and
leads to anxiety and depression within teenagers.
It has been find out that the government has taken various policy which can impact
positively through making and implementing policy related with mental illness. This focuses on
increasing individual to live a healthy lifestyle and improve their anxiety and depression through
taking different measures. This can be effective and allow to take care every individual from
getting mental illness. It also support evolving complication of covid-19 pandemic which can
provide better health and better consultation with a healthcare professional and help in getting
mental health services more effectively reduce the risk of getting mental illness within teenagers
and adults. Teenagers were also not able to go to their school and study physically at their
institute. This also restrict their physical activity which are highly effective for them. Due to not
participate in extracurricular activity create a negative impact on teenagers health and especially
23

on their mental health. During lockdown, physical activity were highly reduced and people were
causing obesity and overweight. This also enhances the cause of various disease which includes
diabetes, cardiovascular illness and others. Due to not able to meeting with others friends and not
able to playing outside teenagers were facing high difficulty to cope with the situation and in
resultant they face mental illness. Due to not able to meet with other people, teenagers and adults
were facing anxiety and depression. It also includes frustration which cause negative health
impact and create a social, psychological and mental burden and also enhance the complication
related with their neurological and mental health. The outbreak of corona-virus also imposes
social and emotional development which were not in a positive manner and create fear within
family member regarding their outcome. Due to getting fear of infection of covid-19, there was
lots of consequences faced by the family member which includes closer of business, loss of
income, loss of job, loss of physical activity and increasing obesity or body weight. These were
highly contributing enhancing mental illness on large population especially in Europe.
The maturity of people who are facing physical distress, depression, anxiety and low self-
esteem which leads to create a situation of substance abuse and enhance the cases of suicide. Due
to impact of covid-19, people were highly affected financially due to losing their job or getting
close of their business. This create difficulty for them which leads to make the situation of
drinking alcohol excessively. This is also lead to impact a change in behavior and negative
thought which were also associated with suicide. This also impacts on mental health of large
population which includes adults. Due to impact of covid-19, to get safety from getting infected
people also use different drugs which include drug abuse and creates self-destruction on
individual health. This also impacts the individuals as they along with creating disorders like
anxiety and depression which create a mental impact on the large population within adults along
with teenagers. It is also found out that an infection creates a high impact of rate of suicide and
mental illness which also create burden for the mental health services and mental health
professionals need to deliver services and provide proper care to the increase number of mental
health patient.
Due to social isolation people were not able to meet their loved ones and loneliness at
their home. This also reduce physical activity and enhance mental illness within adults along
with teenagers. Due to experiencing loneliness, this lead to create a global public wellbeing
concern during the pandemic and leads to a decrease the lifespan of adults and teenagers and
24

create mental disorders within them. Due to covid-19, it creates impact on individual lifestyle
which create high impact on mental health of adults and teenagers. Here, teenagers are highly
affected due to not performing their regular lifestyle like getting education at their school
physically or taking participation in different physical activity. They are also not able to meet
their loved once, their peers and friends. They are also not able to get outside either to the
playground or to visit places which were their favorite. This created aggression, anxiety and
depression and impact a mentally.
It has been also find out that due to impact of the corona virus every individual lifestyle
has been affected either due to loss of physical activity, loss of job, loss of income sources, loss
of business and various consequences which were highly affecting individual health and lifestyle.
This create depression and anxiety within every individual like teenagers and adults who have
face difficulty due to getting isolated at their home. They are also not able to perform their
favorite activity and their loved ones. Due to impact on physical health and not getting proper
healthcare services. There are also affected with different diseases like obesity, depression and
anxiety, cardiovascular illness and many more which create financial burden for every
individual. Most of the people are affected financially due to impact of covid-19 and not able to
recover and cope with the situation which create mental illness within them. So, it can be say that
covid-19 impact have while highly affected teenagers and adult’s lifestyles and create a mental
illness within the large population especially in Europe. It also increases the mental health care
burden on the healthcare premises to provide better mental health care services to the large
population which includes teenagers and adult within globe.
While taking the aspect of COVID-19, they are facing issue with the wider range in the
Europe. In addition, they equivalent system which is based on the different aspect which is
related with the health system that require community and team in order to deal with the teenager
and adult to deal with the mental health. With the contrast of enhancing term of pandemic which
is related with COVID-19 that may sweep across the world that introduce the session that based
on considerable unit of degree that full of fear. With this aspect, they are facing the issue which
is related with the older adults, but they are mostly teenager and the adult who is usually dealing
with the situation of mental health during the COVID-19. Therefore, the public mental health has
various terms, over the time, they are also coming under the effect which may create impact on
the psychological to date that is evaluated rate in order to enhance the confined factor of stress
25

and anxiety. In the concern with the Europe, the new measure and the impact is usually analyses
that introduce the lapse of quarantine and it may also effect on the number of people places
which is associated with the daily routine, activities, games and the livelihood which show the
level of loneliness, depression and harmful effect that may be linked with the excess use of drug
and alcohol that popular within the teenager and adults. Therefore, they also enhance the risk of
self-harm and suicide that is related with the mental health illness patient that subject from the
teenager and adults which is also expected in order to rise. Therefore, there are some of the
aspect which is followed within the associated factor which may provide depth knowledge that is
related with the study of chosen topic. In addition, in some of the aspect the population such as
Lombardy in Italy. They have various issue which is based on the service across the social group
and community for the people with the development that is based existing mental condition
which is affected with the major concern. It is usually related with the major concern that is
along with the mental health and frontline worker. In such factor, there are some of the part that
is related with the people health which may generate loss and create adverse effect in the mental
health. The major effect which is occur within the Europe due to the arising consequence of
COVID-19 on the mental health of teenager and adults are bereavement, isolation from the social
group and community, in this, they also follow some of the aspect which term as factor that
create issue while creating the loss of income and lack of opportunities due to the less
employment ability and capacity because due to the effect of lockdown, there are number of
business and enterprise are usually shutting down due to the reoccurrence of COVID-19. There
are number of many people who used high risk of enhanced level of alcohol and drug which may
create impact the issue of insomnia and anxiety that directly affect the mental health. Meanwhile,
it is also analyzing that the number of people in the Europe usually face the issue of neurological
complication and mental complication which is usually include delirium, agitation and stroke.
Therefore, the people with the preexisting mental health which is based on the neurological or
the substance that usually associated with the various disorder which is more vulnerable with the
SARS-COV-2 infection. In addition, they usually create the stand that is higher risk with the
factor of outcome which may create the issue of death.
In this, outcome which is received from the broad study used to take stand with the factor
which may generate the fraction that provide fraction and presence with the study of topic. The
topic usually faced by the number of people from the several demographic, region and area.
26

Therefore, the mental health is an important aspect for the everyone when the consideration is
being take for the all age group. In addition, the higher number of people who used to perform
mental activities as per current time is teenager in their school and university which is related
with the boosting of academic performance and they are interactive with the physical activities as
well. Due to the proper lockdown in the April 2019 create various complication which is related
with the teenager academic variability and also affect the flow of education. The thing
consequently turns into the online which may create negative effect on the teenager health. Long
term isolation with the friend, social group and many more create the issue with the teenager to
adopt such new thing. The adults also face the issue during the COVID-19 because, there are
several of organization that they used to shut down due to the slow progression of market factor
that render the flow of cash and income that affect the organization and they are facing high level
of crisis. Number of people become jobless and due to lack of job opportunities they feel
depression and stress. Due to the context of depression and anxiety, they persist for the longer
period which may cause issue and conflict with the mental health and develop illness due the
longer period of phase with depression and anxiety which create hindrance in health outcome.
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION (1500)
Conclusion
As per the above discussion, it is analysed that the target audience for the research is
selected as teenager and adult with the scope of study because the number of data and survey
used to suggest that the 50 percent and more affect with mental health during the COVID-19.
While comes to the statistical data, it may create retardation of the mental health that provide
support to the people. Due to the wider impact of COVID-19 effect, it may create issue with the
teenager to develop their wellbeing and resilience and same time due to the enormous of
restriction and losses of their performance create collision with the brain output that affect the
mental health. The mental health usually provide aspect which formulate quality of health and
wellbeing. The function of the brain is nominal and they usually focus on the factor which may
use by the individual in order to perform the activity. With this, they usually show useful aspect
for the regulation of function which contribute in the development of wellness and resilience.
Therefore, the teenager used to perform various activities that develop quantification of the
aspect that provide them satisfaction. In addition, the teenager has energetic factor and they also
27

play role in the various events of social group and community which generate attribute for the
prior phase of good mental health.
There are different set of good mental health when usually taking the aspect of teenager that
they are initial, intermediate and post wellbeing. In addition, the teenager or adult used to choose
any activities or events and they focus on formulation of such aspect which create familiar
situation that is develop resilience for other, create the stimulus more enjoyable. In addition,
when the COVID-19 arrive it create complexities with the teenager phase of wellbeing because
majorly the guideline form the government used to focus on the lockdown also restrict the
gathering in the term of Europe. Therefore, teenager is completely restricted for grouping and
activities which may create long term isolation that restrict the aspect which is generative for the
overthinking, due to improper physical activity and gathering with friend create emotional-philic
which may be generative for the factor which create hindrance in good mental health. In
addition, the study which help to provide the rationale that related with topic effectiveness with
the research question that focus on the brief information and data. The data and the information
is usually collected with the formulation research question which is based on the concept, causes
and challenge and measurable intervention that play role in the minimizing of effect of effect and
complication that faced by the teenager and adult on mental health due to the factor of COVID-
19.
Recommendation
With the cope of mental health during the COVID-19 among the teenager and adult require
some of the strategic viewpoint to overcome. With this associated word, the recommendation is
being discussed below which is helpful to open the path or way which is responsible for the
development of wellbeing and resilience which is related with the teenager and adults. It mainly
includes
 Try to restrict the people on meeting when they do not feel safe and comfortable in doing
so. There are other several ways which is recommended to the teenager to keep in touch
with the friend is that they use the platform of social media, phone call and the video call
is also way which keep in such with friends, relative when they need.
 In addition to this, try to develop the routine which help to configure the priorities after
the proper evaluation. With this, there are some other aspect which reduce the chance of
having a mental issue are reading books, watching films, exercising, trying new
28

relaxation technique which is related with the mindfulness or the learning aspect. In order
to ensure that they must taking care of their physical fitness that they must sure they have
prescribed medicine, go in any routine which is associated with the check-up or the scan
which is usually aspect for the invitation.
 The most impactful recommendation which is used within the period of COVID-19 that
restrict the phase of anxiety and stress among the teenager and adults who is usually
facing such type of issue that include try to reduce the effect of rumor and speculation
that act as fuel to anxiety and stress among population. Try to access high quality
information which is related with the COVID-19 that help to control.
 During the pandemic, the usually major issue which arises among the population is that
they are facing the issue of crises on financial loss, the pandemic usually stretched the
expenses that usually reduced the income or left to unsure the job factor or their factor. It
uncertain the toll in the mental health. In addition, try to control on the expenses which is
made during COVID-19 by making plan for the expenses that reduce the over loss of
finance in such tough period.
 In such period, the teenager and adults must have connected with their friends, relative
and family in order to reduce the stress and work in the better company with the proper
support and care.
 In addition, try to maintain community and social connection because as a human, they
are fundamentally social creature and during the COVID-19 it is natural they all are want
together in order to show their perspective and perception to develop wellbeing. It is very
difficult and tough during the COVID-19 to maintain the closeness so, the texting in the
group and social media use is effecting to make contact with themselves on the aspect of
talking.
 With this, try to do not make any assumption. In this, do not judge people and avoid
jumping the direct conclusion about the aspect of responsibilities for the spread of
disease.
 In this, try to find some of the aspect which make the individual more distracted with the
such of factor which may contributed within the mental health illness. In addition, it also
analyses that there are number of people who used to express their reason which may
29

generate depression. In order to deviate such aspect, they follow community and social
group of aspect which may create impact to reduce the complication.
 Try to do regular exercise and make routine which is helpful in order to develop to ensure
the health and their outcome on the teenager and adults. The regular exercise is helpful to
make the brain and body active and play effective role in the development of wellbeing
and resilience.
30

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
De Kock and et. al., 2021. A rapid review of the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of
healthcare workers: implications for supporting psychological well-being. BMC Public
Health, 21(1), pp.1-18.
Dubey and et. al., 2020. Psychosocial impact of COVID-19. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome:
Clinical Research & Reviews, 14(5), pp.779-788.
Galea, S., Merchant, R.M. and Lurie, N., 2020. The mental health consequences of COVID-19
and physical distancing: the need for prevention and early intervention. JAMA internal
medicine, 180(6), pp.817-818.
Sandesh and et. al., 2020. Impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of healthcare professionals
in Pakistan. Cureus, 12(7).
Singh, J. and Singh, J., 2020. COVID-19 and its impact on society. Electronic Research Journal
of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2.
Repon and et. al., 2021. Effect of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health among Bangladeshi
healthcare professionals: a cross-sectional study. Science Progress, 104(2),
p.00368504211026409.
Hall, H., 2020. The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers' mental
health. Journal of the American Academy of PAs, 33(7), pp.45-48.
Yıldırım, M. and Güler, A., 2021. Positivity explains how COVID-19 perceived risk increases
death distress and reduces happiness. Personality and Individual Differences, 168,
p.110347.
Kim, A.W., Nyengerai, T. and Mendenhall, E., 2020. Evaluating the mental health impacts of the
COVID-19 pandemic: perceived risk of COVID-19 infection and childhood trauma
predict adult depressive symptoms in urban South Africa. Psychological Medicine, pp.1-
13.
Dawson, D.L. and Golijani-Moghaddam, N., 2020. COVID-19: Psychological flexibility, coping,
mental health, and wellbeing in the UK during the pandemic. Journal of contextual
behavioral science, 17, pp.126-134.
Tran and et. al., 2020. Alcohol use and mental health status during the first months of COVID-19
pandemic in Australia. Journal of affective disorders, 277, pp.810-813.
Gopalan and et. al., 2021. College Students’ Sense of Belonging and Mental Health Amidst the
COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Adolescent Health.
Fofana and et. al., 2020. Fear and agony of the pandemic leading to stress and mental illness: an
emerging crisis in the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak. Psychiatry
Research, 291, p.113230.
Garcini and et. al., 2020. A tale of two crises: The compounded effect of COVID-19 and anti-
immigration policy in the United States. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research,
Practice, and Policy, 12(S1), p.S230.
Upadhyaya and et. al., 2020. Impact of COVID-19 on post-graduate orthopaedic training in
Delhi-NCR. Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma, 11, pp.S687-S695.
Li and et. al., 2020. Self-control moderates the association between perceived severity of
coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and mental health problems among the Chinese
public. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(13),
p.4820.
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Weerakoon, S.M., Jetelina, K.K. and Knell, G., 2020. Longer time spent at home during COVID-
19 pandemic is associated with binge drinking among US adults. The American Journal
of Drug and Alcohol Abuse.
Zhao and et. al., 2020. COVID-19 infection outbreak increases anxiety level of general public in
China: involved mechanisms and influencing factors. Journal of affective disorders, 276,
pp.446-452.
Marques, G. and et. al., 2021. Impact of COVID-19 on the psychological health of university
students in Spain and their attitudes toward Mobile mental health
solutions. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 147, p.104369.
Tao, S. and et. al., 2021. Circadian rhythm abnormalities during the COVID-19 outbreak related
to mental health in China: a nationwide university-based survey. Sleep Medicine.
Hawke, L.D. and et. al., 2021. Mental health among transgender and gender diverse youth: An
exploration of effects during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychology of Sexual
Orientation and Gender Diversity.
Hamza, C.A. and et. al., 2021. When social isolation is nothing new: A longitudinal study on
psychological distress during COVID-19 among university students with and without
preexisting mental health concerns. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie
canadienne, 62(1), p.20.
Lanza-León, P. and et. al., 2021. Alleviating mental health disorders through doses of green
spaces: an updated review in times of the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal
of Environmental Health Research, pp.1-18.
Kira, I.A. and et. al., 2021. Does COVID-19 Type III Continuous Existential Trauma Deplete the
Traditional Coping, Diminish Health and Mental Health, and Kindle Spirituality?: An
Exploratory Study on Arab Countries. Journal of Loss and Trauma, pp.1-21.
Journault, A.A. and et. al., 2021. Variation of stress and mental health measures in dyads of
parents and children during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic compared to a
baseline: an opportunity study. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 131, p.105486.
Sifat, R.I., 2020. The effect of COVID-19 on hijra (third gender) people in Bangladesh. The
Lancet Psychiatry, 7(12), pp.1015-1016.
Benke and et. al., 2020. Lockdown, quarantine measures, and social distancing: Associations
with depression, anxiety and distress at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic
among adults from Germany. Psychiatry Research, 293, p.113462.
Chander and et. al., 2021. Addressing the mental health concerns of migrant workers during the
COVID-19 pandemic: An experiential account. International Journal of Social
Psychiatry, 67(7), pp.826-829.
Chandu and et. al., 2020. Development and initial validation of the COVID-19 anxiety
scale. Indian journal of public health, 64(6), p.201.
Dutta, A., 2020. Impact of digital social media on Indian higher education: alternative
approaches of online learning during Covid-19 pandemic crisis. International journal of
scientific and research publications, 10(5), pp.604-611.
Elhai and et. al., 2020. COVID-19 anxiety symptoms associated with problematic smartphone
use severity in Chinese adults. Journal of Affective Disorders, 274, pp.576-582.
Ernstsen and et. al., 2021. Mental health and sleep disturbances in physically active adults during
the COVID-19 lockdown in Norway: does change in physical activity level
matter? Sleep medicine, 77, pp.309-312.
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Hamza and et. al., 2021. When social isolation is nothing new: A longitudinal study on
psychological distress during COVID-19 among university students with and without
preexisting mental health concerns. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie
canadienne, 62(1), p.20.
Meo and et. al., 2020. COVID-19 pandemic: impact of quarantine on medical students’ mental
wellbeing and learning behaviors. Pakistan journal of medical sciences, 36(COVID19-
S4), p.S43.
Pappa and et. al., 2020. Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among healthcare
workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-
analysis. Brain, behavior, and immunity, 88, pp.901-907.
Pieh and et. al., 2021. Mental health during COVID-19 lockdown in the United
Kingdom. Psychosomatic medicine, 83(4), pp.328-337.
Riiser and et. al., 2020. Adolescents’ health literacy, health protective measures, and health-
related quality of life during the Covid-19 pandemic. PLoS One, 15(8), p.e0238161.
Rossi and et. al., 2020. Mental health outcomes among frontline and second-line health care
workers during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Italy. JAMA
network open, 3(5), pp.e2010185-e2010185.
San Juan and et. al., 2021. Mental health and well-being of healthcare workers during the
COVID-19 pandemic in the UK: contrasting guidelines with experiences in
practice. BJPsych Open, 7(1).
Savage and et. al., 2020. Mental health and movement behaviour during the COVID-19
pandemic in UK university students: Prospective cohort study. Mental Health and
Physical Activity, 19, p.100357.
Werneck and et. al., 2021. Changes in the clustering of unhealthy movement behaviors during
the COVID-19 quarantine and the association with mental health indicators among
Brazilian adults. Translational behavioral medicine, 11(2), pp.323-331.
Wilson and et. al., 2020. Job insecurity and financial concern during the COVID-19 pandemic
are associated with worse mental health. Journal of occupational and environmental
medicine, 62(9), pp.686-691.
Yıldırım and et. al., 2020. COVID-19 burnout, COVID-19 stress and resilience: Initial
psychometric properties of COVID-19 Burnout Scale. Death Studies, pp.1-9.
Ćosić and et. al., 2020. Impact of human disasters and COVID-19 pandemic on mental health:
potential of digital psychiatry. Psychiatria Danubina, 32(1), pp.25-31.
Robinson and et. al., 2022. A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal cohort studies
comparing mental health before versus during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Journal
of affective disorders, 296, pp.567-576.
He and et. al., 2022. Mental health conditions among the general population, healthcare workers
and quarantined population during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
pandemic. Psychology, health & medicine, 27(1), pp.186-198.
Das, K., Behera, R.L. and Paital, B., 2022. Socio-economic impact of COVID-19. In COVID-19
in the Environment (pp. 153-190). Elsevier.
Morin and et. al., 2022. Prevalent, incident, and persistent insomnia in a population-based cohort
tested before (2018) and during the first-wave of COVID-19 pandemic
(2020). Sleep, 45(1), p.zsab258.
Wagner and et. al., 2022. Academic mothers with disabilities: Navigating academia and
parenthood during COVID‐19. Gender, Work & Organization, 29(1), pp.342-352.
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von Keyserlingk and et. al., 2022. Stress of university students before and after campus closure
in response to COVID‐19. Journal of community psychology, 50(1), pp.285-301.
Morgado, A.M., Cruz, J. and Peixoto, M.M., 2022. Trauma Exposure Checklist: Psychometric
properties and its applicability to the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Loss and
Trauma, 27(1), pp.35-48.
May, R., Sehgal, A.R. and Hand, R.K., 2022. Changes in US dialysis dietitian responsibilities
and patient needs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Renal Nutrition, 32(1),
pp.112-119.
Drach‐Zahavy and et. al., 2022. A multi‐level examination of nursing students' resilience in the
face of the COVID‐19 outbreak: A cross‐sectional design. Journal of Advanced
Nursing, 78(1), pp.109-120.
Shillitoe and et. al., 2022. Improving wellbeing for COVID-19 patients at Umm Salal Isolation
and Recovery Facility through expressive drawing (Art Therapy): A Service/Quality
Improvement Initiative. Journal of Emergency Medicine, Trauma and Acute
Care, 2022(1-Qatar Health 2022 Conference abstracts), p.23.
McGorry and et. al., 2022. Designing and scaling up integrated youth mental health care. World
Psychiatry, 21(1), pp.61-76.
Online:
Impact of COVID-19 and Lock-down on mental health of children and adolescents, 2020
[Online] Available through: <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7444649/>
The Implications of COVID-19 for Mental Health and Substance Use, 2021 [Online] Available
through: <https://www.kff.org/coronavirus-covid-19/issue-brief/the-implications-of-
covid-19-for-mental-health-and-substance-use/>
The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence,2020
[Online] Available through: <https://www.thelancet.com/action/showPdf?pii=S0140-
6736%2820%2930460-8>
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in the general population: A systematic review,
2020 [Online] Available
through:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7413844/#:~:text=Results%3A
%20Relatively%20high%20rates%20of,Italy%2C%20Iran%2C%20the%20US%2C
Impact of COVID-19 on mental health and quality of life: Is there any effect? A cross-sectional
study of the MENA region. 2021 [Online] Available
through:https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0249107
Impact of COVID-19 on Public Mental Health and the Buffering Effect of a Sense of Coherence,
2020 [Online] Available through: https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/510752
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